Quiz (Fluid and Electrolytes II)

The nurse would analyze an arterial blood pH of 7.26 in a patient with renal disease as indicating: a. Acidosis b. Alkalosis c. Homeostasis d. Neutrality

a. Acidosis blood ph normal is 7.35-7.35

Presence of which of the following in the urine, even in small amounts is indicative of a possible problem in the renal system of a patient? a. Glucose b. Creatinine c. Urea d. Sodium

a. Glucose it is termed glycosuria

The renal action of atrial natriuretic peptide include: a. Increased sodium (Na+) excretion and increased urine flow b. Decreased sodium (Na+) excretion and decreased urine flow c. Increased urine flow d. Decreased urine flow and increased sodium retention

a. Increased sodium (Na+) excretion and increased urine flow

Which electrolyte would the nurse identify as the major electrolyte responsible for determining the concentration of the intracellular fluid? a. Potassium b. Phosphate c. Chloride d. Sodium

a. Potassium sodium = ecf major potassium - icf major

Hypoproteinemia is a condition of unusually low levels of plasma proteins. This problem is often characterized by _____ a. Tissue edema b. Extreme weight loss c. Extreme weight gain d. Nerve damage

a. Tissue edema Low levels of plasma always edema is a problem

What is antidiuretic hormone (ADH)? a. a hormone that causes an increased production of urine and decreased blood pressure b. A hormone that causes a decreased production of urine and increased blood pressure c. A hormone that caused an increased production of urine but no change in blood pressure d. A hormone that causes an increased production of red blood cells in the kidney

b. A hormone that causes a decreased production of urine and increased blood pressure

Sodium and potassium reabsorption and excretion is regulated by: a. Vasopressin b. Aldosterone c. Atrial Natriuretic Peptide d. Angiotensin II

b. Aldosterone because NA+H2o is aldosterone

The renal system does not play a direct role in regulating which of the following? a. Blood solute concentrations b. Blood temperature c. Blood pressure d. Blood pH

b. Blood temperature blood solute pressure and ph are all connected to the kidney

Which of the following choices correctly traces the route of glomerular filtrate on its path to the collecting duct of a nephron? a. proximal tubule, Bowman's capsule, descending loop of Henle, ascending loop of Henle, distal tubule b. Bowman's capsule, proximal tubule, descending loop of Henle, ascending loop of Henle, distal tubule c. Bowman's capsule, distal tubule, descending loop of Henle, ascending loop of Henle, proximal tubule d. b. Bowman's capsule, proximal tubule, ascending loop of Henle, descending loop of Henle, distal tubule

b. Bowman's capsule, proximal tubule, descending loop of Henle, ascending loop of Henle, distal tubule

ADH is synthesized in the ____ and released by the ______ a. Hypothalamus, Adrenal Gland b. Hypothalamus, Posterior Pituitary Gland c. Posterior Pituitary Gland, Kidneys d. Kidneys, Adrenal Gland

b. Hypothalamus, Posterior Pituitary Gland

What is the role of aldosterone? a. It causes constriction of vessels b. It causes the kidneys to keep sodium and water c. It causes the kidneys to keep potassium and water d. It causes the kidneys to only keep water

b. It causes the kidneys to keep sodium and water

During RAAS activation, what gland releases aldosterone? a. Hypothalamus b. Kidney c. Adrenal cortex d. Pituitary gland

c. Adrenal cortex

Urine is formed in a three-step process: which of the following gives the correct order in which these steps take place in the nephrons? a. Tubular Secretion, tubular reabsorption, glomerular filtration b. Tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion, glomerular filtration c. Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion d. Glomerular filtration, tubular secretion, tubular reabsorption

c. Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion

What is the goal of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)? a. Decrease blood pressure b. Increase sodium excretion c. Increase the blood pressure d. Decrease sodium retention

c. Increase the blood pressure aldosterone = water retention = increase BP

Which of the following anatomical portions of a nephron connects the Bowman's capsule to the loop of Henle a. Distal tubule d. Collecting ducts c. Proximal tubule d. Afferent arteriole

c. Proximal tubule

The patient's serum electrolytes just revealed that her chloride level is 100 meq/L. As a nurse, you would interpret this serum chloride as: a. High b. Low c. within normal range d. high normal

c. within normal range chloride normal is 95-105

Which filtrate component must be effectively eliminated and not reabsorbed in a healthy functioning kidney? a. Potassium b. Water c. Bicarbonate d. Creatinine

d. Creatinine this is a muscle production waste and should be eliminated completely

What is the role of ACE in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system? a. It activates angiotensinogen which turns into angiotensin I b. It causes the kidney cells to release renin c. It caused angiotensin II to trigger the adrenal glands to produce aldosterone d. It converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II

d. It converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II

The hormone secreted by the hypothalamus to increase fluid reabsorption is: a. renin b. angiotensin c. aldosterone d. antidiuretic hormone

d. antidiuretic hormone ADH is for water retention

The body's water volume is closely tied to the level of which of the following ions? a. calcium ions b. potassium ions c. hydrogen ions d. sodium ions

d. sodium ions