Restorative Art Glossary
eyelids
(palpebrae) two movable flaps of skin which cover and uncover each eyeball
eyebrows
(supercilium) also the superficial hairs covering the superciliary arches
crown
(vertex) the topmost part of the head
furrow
(wrinkle) a crevice in the skin accompanied by adjacent elevations
dental prognathism
(buck teeth) oblique insertion of the teeth
eye socket
(orbit) the bony region containing the eyeball; the orbital cavity
fossa
a depression; a concavity
eminence
a prominence or projection of a bone
inverted triangle
a three sided figure whose base is superior to its apex; when used to describe a frontal-view geometric headshape, a head which is wide at the forehead and narrow at the jaw
inner canthus
eminence at the inner corner of the closed eyelids
occipitofrontalis muscle
epicranius; draws the scalp posteriorly and anteriorly and raises the eyebrow
concave
exhibiting a depressed or hollow surface
acquired facial markings
facial markings that develop during ones lifetime, primarily as a result of repetitious use of certain muscles
dense
having the component parts closely compacted together; relatively opaque
asymmetry
lack of symmetry, balance, or proportion
buccal depressions
natural, shallow concavities of the cheeks which extend obliquely downward from the medial or lateral margins of the cheekbones
palatine bone
one of the bones forming the posterior part of the hard palate and lateral nasal wall between the interior pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone and the maxilla
inclination
slope; deviation from the horizontal or vertical; oblique
helix
the outer rim of the ear
bilateral
two sides
cords of the neck
vertical prominence of the neck; an acquired facial marking
alveolar process
a bony ridge found on the inferior surface of the maxilla and the superior surface of the mandible which contains the sockets for the teeth
concave nasal profile
a depressed profile form which may dip concavely from root to tip
oval
a frontal head form in which the head is generally egg-shaped, with the cranium slightly wider than the jaws; most common geometric head form
depression
a hollow or concave region; the lowering of a part
cavity
a hollow place or area
anchor
a material or technique employed to secure tissues or restorative materials in a fixed position; an armature
levator labii superioris
a muscle of facial expression which elevates and extends the upper lip
mesorrhine
a nasal classification which is medium broad and medium low bridged; common to individuals of Asian descent
platyrrhine
a nasal classification which is short and broad and has the minimum of projection; common to individuals of African descent
leptorrhine
a nasal index common to individuals of Western European descent having long, narrow, and high bridge
bridge
a raised support; the arched portion of the nose which is supported by the nasal bones; a structure or span connecting two parts of a mutilated bone
elevation
a raised surface or part
notch
a relatively deep indentation, usually between two projections
glabella
a single bony prominence of the frontal bone located between the superciliary arches in the inferior part of the frontal bone above the root of the nose
distortion
a state of being twisted or pushed out of natural shape or position
mandibular suture
a stitch used to hold the mouth closed; placed behind the lips, one part is passed through around the inferior jaw at the median plane, while the other part extends through the nasal septum or the superior frenulum
arch
a structure which exhibits a curved or bow-like outline
alveolar prognathism
an abnormal protrusion of the alveolar processes
pyramid
an apparently solid structure having a square base and four triangular sides which meet at a central point
groove
an elongated depression in a relatively level plane or surface
fold
an elongated prominence adjoining a surface
aperture
an opening
foramen magnum
an opening in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes from the brain
angle
angulus; a sharp turn formed by the meeting of two borders or surfaces
anterior
before or in front of; an anatomical term of position and direction which denotes the front or forward part
inferior
beneath; lower in plane or position; the undersurface of an organ or indicating a structure below another structure; toward the feet
fracture
broken bone
optic facial sulci
crows feet; the furrows radiating from the lateral corner of the eye; acquired facial markings
naso-orbital fossa
depression superior to the medial portion of the superior palpebrae
anatomical guides
descriptive references for locating anatomical structures by means of the anatomical structures which are known
bilateral differences
dissimilarities existing in the two sides or halves of an object
labia
lips
occipital bone
lowest part of the back and base of the cranium, forming a cradle for the brain
facial proportions
mathematical relationships of the facial features to one another and/or to the head and face
masseter muscles
muscles of mastication which close the mandible
planes
surfaces having very little curvature
projection
the act of throwing forward; a part extending beyond the level of its surroundings
anatomical position
the body is erect, feet together, palms facing forward, and thumbs pointed away from the body
rim
the border, edge, or margin of a thing, usually of a circular or curving form, as the rim of the eye socket
margins
the boundaries or edges
restorative art
the care of the deceased to recreate natural form and color
facial markings
the character lines of the face and neck; wrinkles, grooves, cords, and dimples
concha
the concave shell of the ear; the deepest depression of the ear
nasolabial fold
the eminence of the cheek and adjacent to the mouth; extending from the superior part of the posterior margin of the wing of the nose to the side of the mouth; a natural facial marking
orifice
the entrance or outlet of any body cavity; an opening
anterior nares
the external nostril openings
cilia
the eyelashes
lobe
the fatty inferior one-third of the ear
columna nasi
the fleshy termination of the nasal septum at the base of the nose; located between the nostrils; the most inferior part of the mass of the nose
cribriform plate
the horizontal plate of the ethmoid bone separating the cranial cavity from the nasal cavity
body of the mandible
the horizontal portion of the lower jaw
mandible
the horseshoe-shaped bone forming the inferior jaw
antihelix
the inner rim of the ear
line of closure
the line that forms between two structures, such as the lips or the eyelids when in a closed position, which marks their place of contact with each other
dehydration
the loss of moisture from body tissues which may occur antemortem or postmortem
oral cavity
the mouth; the orifice containing the teeth and tongue
crus of the helix
the origin of the helix which is flattened in the concha
hairline
the outline of hair growth on the head or face; the lowest centrally located part of the hair of cranium
head shape
the outline of the exterior margins of the head
contour
the outline or surface form
buccinator
the principle muscle of the cheek which compresses the cheeks and forms the lateral wall of the mouth
protruding lobe
the rounded, anterior projection of the tip of the nose
profile
the side view of the human head
facial profiles
the silhouettes of the face from the side view
buccal cavity
the space between the lips and the gums and teeth; the vestibule of the oral cavity
physiognomy
the study of the structures and surface markings of the face and features
bucco-facial sulcus
the vertical furrow of the cheek; an acquired facial marking
philtrum
the vertical groove located medially on the superior lip; a natural facial marking
interciliary sulci
the vertical or transverse furrows between the eyebrows; acquired facial markings
ramus
the vertical portion of the mandible
recession
the withdrawal of a part from its normal position
major restoration
those requiring a long period of time, are extensive, require advanced technical skill and expressed written consent to perform
natural facial markings
those that are present at birth, hereditary
abut
to bluntly adjoin another structure, for example, the line of eye closure
amputate
to cut off a limb; to dismember
dorsum
top; the anterior protruding ridge of the nose from the root to the tip of the lobe
posterior
toward the rear or caudal end; toward the back; dorsal
lateral
toward the side
parietal bones
two bones that form the roof and part of the sides of the skull
