RRE RAD 140

The cervical zygapophyseal articulations are how many degrees to the MSP? A 90° B 95° C 100° D 105°

A

An abnormal or exaggerated lateral curvature of the spine is termed A scoliosis B kyphosis C spondylolisthesis D lordosis

A

If the lower lumbar spine is not supported to be parallel to the IR in the lateral position, the CR should be angled how many degrees caudad? A 5-8° B 8-10° C 10-15° D 15-20°

A

The AP axial projection of the coccyx requires tube angulation in the caudad direction of how many degrees? A 10° B 15° C 20° D 25°

A

The correctly positioned oblique lumbar spine shows the "Scottie Dog" appearance. Match the following bony parts to which part of the "Scottie Dog" each represents: A. Leg = inferior articular process; ear = superior articular process; eye = pedicle; nose = transverse process; neck = pars interarticularis B. Leg = transverse process; ear = superior articular process; eye = pedicle; nose = inferior articular process; neck = pars interarticularis C. Leg = inferior articular process; ear = pedicle; eye = superior articular process; nose = transverse process; neck = pars interarticularis D. Leg = pars interarticularis; ear = superior articular process; eye = pedicle; nose = transverse process; neck = inferior articular process

A

The sternoclavicular joints are best demonstrated with the patient PA and A in a slight oblique position, affected side adjacent to the IR B in a slight oblique position, affected side away from the IR C erect and weight-bearing D erect with and without weights

A

The superior facet of the superior articular process of C1 articulates with which of the following? A Occipital B Medial C Mandibular D Lateral

A

The suprasternal/jugular notch is at what vertebral level? A T2-3 B T10 C L4 D S1-2

A

The term that describes forward displacement of one vertebra upon the inferior vertebra is A spondylolisthesis B spondyl C spondylitis D spondylosis

A

The thoracic intervertebral foramina are what degree to the MSP? A 90° B 95° C 100° D 105°

A

The vertebral body connects with its vertebral arch by way of the pedicles; the upper and lower portions of this structure are called the A superior and inferior vertebral notches B superior and inferior articular processes C costal joints D intervertebral joints

A

What should be the relationship between the MSP and the IR in the posterior oblique position of the cervical spine? A 45° B 55° C 645° D 745°

A

When positioning a patient for the cervicothoracic (swimmer's) lateral position, the arm furthest from the IR is positioned down and rotated slightly posterior and the arm closest to the IR is positioned A up with elbow flexed and forearm on head for support B up and rotated slightly posterior C down with shoulder elevated slightly D down and rotated slightly anterior

A

Which of the following is NOT descriptive of C7 (vertebral prominens)? A Bifid tips B Extra-long spinous process C More horizontal spinous process D Landmark for radiographic positioning

A

Which of the following is the anatomic structure that is a portion of each lumbar lamina lying between the superior and inferior articular processes? A Pars interarticularis B Zygapophyseal joints C Mammillary process D Accessory process

A

Which of the following characterizes the right and left atlantoaxial joints (C1 and C2)? (select the two that apply) A. Diarthrodial B. Plane (gliding) C. Cartilaginous D. Saddle (sellar)

A. Diarthrodial B. Plane (gliding)

Zygapophyseal joint articulations are classified as which of the following? A. Amphiarthrodial B. Synovial C. Diarthrodial D. Ellipsoid

B. Synovial C. Diarthrodial

A typical vertebra consists of what two main parts? A Atlas; axis B Transverse foramina C Body; vertebral arch D Rib facets

C

AP erect left and right bending images of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, to include 1 inch of the iliac crest, are performed to demonstrate A spondylolisthesis. B subluxation. C scoliosis. D arthritis.

C

An RPO position of the lumbar vertebrae demonstrates zygapophyseal joints poorly visualized and the pedicle is seen anterior on the vertebral body. What does this indicate? A Excessive rotation B Insufficient rotation C Pelvic tilt D Correct positioning

B

An inflammatory condition of the vertebra wherein the spine may become completely rigid is termed A spina bifida B ankylosing spondylitis C spondylolysis D spondylolisthesis

B

Cervical intervertebral foramina are 45° degrees to the MSP and between how many degrees to a transverse plane? A 10° to 15° B 15° to 20° C 20° to 25° D 25° to 30°

B

For a lateral projection of the thoracic spine, what is the relationship of the mid-sagittal plane to the image receptor? A Perpendicular B Parallel C Right angle D 45-degree caudal angle

B

Select the condition(s) that are likely to require a decrease in exposure: I. Emphysema II. Paralytic ileus III. Hydrocephalus IV. Edema. A I only B I and II only C All of the above D None of the above

B

The AP axial projection of the sacrum requires tube angulation in the cephalad direction of how many degrees? A 10° B 15° C 20° D 25°

B

The RAO position is used to project the sternum to the left of the thoracic vertebrae in order to take advantage of A pulmonary markings B heart shadow C posterior ribs D costal cartilages

B

The spinous process is formed by the posterior unification of which part of the lumbar vertebra? A Pedicles B Laminae C Articular processes D Transverse process

B

The thoracic zygapophyseal articulations are what degrees to the MCP and to the MSP? A 15° to 20°; 60° to 65° B 15° to 20°; 70° to 75° C 25° to 30°; 60° to 65° D 55° to 30°; 70° to 75°

B

The tubercle of each of the first 10 pairs of ribs articulates with one A pedicle B transverse process C body D articular process

B

The xiphoid/ensiform process is at what vertebral level? A T2-3 B T10 C L4 D S1-2

B

What adjustments should the radiographer make upon repeating the unacceptable image (seen as follows)? A Increase flexion of the neck B Slight hyperextension of the neck C Increase the OID by moving the patient slightly away from the IR D Rotate the skull slightly to the right or left

B

What cervical spine projection(s) is/are used to demonstrate antero-posterior vertebral mobility? A Fuchs or Judd methods B Lateral hyperflexion and hyperextension C Swimmer's lateral position D Both oblique cervical view projections

B

What opening is formed when the two half-moon-shaped areas of the superior and inferior vertebral notches line up? A Foramen ovale B Intervertebral foramina C Foramen magnum D Vertebral foramen

B

What part(s) of the axis (C2) articulate with the posterior aspect of the anterior arch of the atlas (C1)? A Articular pillars B Odontoid process/dens C Spinous process D Superior articular processes

B

Which of the following projections for scoliosis would help to reduce radiation dose to the breast, thyroid, and reproductive organs? A Lateral B PA C AP D Oblique

B

Zygapophyseal joints are best visualized in what cervical spine position? A Lateral hyperflexion and hyperextension B Lateral position C Anterior oblique D Posterior oblique

B

The intervertebral foramina are best demonstrated in which projections of the spine? (select the two that apply) A. Lateral sacrum/coccyx B. Lateral thoracic spine C. Lateral lumbar spine D. Lateral cervical spine

B & C

Which of the following indicates appropriate use of the left or right (L or R) side marker when positioning a patient for a left posterior oblique (LPO) lumbar spine when using digital imaging? (select the two that provide correct, legal documentation) A. Left radiopaque marker placed on the right side of the patient B. Left radiopaque marker on the left side of the patient C. Right radiopaque marker on the right side of the patient D. Right radiopaque marker on the left side of the patient E. Post-processing left annotation on the patient's left side

B & C

Which of the following changes would correct an open-mouth projection of C1 and C2 if the base of the skull and odontoid process are superimposed? (select the two that apply) A. Slight hyperextension of neck B. Slight hyperflexion of neck C. 3- to 5-degree cephalic angle D. 3- to 5-degree caudal angle

B & D

Which projections of the cervical spine would be taken in the ER if the patient was placed in a cervical collar? (select the two that apply) A. Open mouth (odontoid view) B. AP axial projection C. Left and right obliques D. Horizontal beam lateral

B & D

Select the three bones that make up the innominate bones. A. Sacrum B. Ilium C. Coccyx D. Pubis E. Ischium F. Acetabulum

B D E

All the following statements regarding the bony thorax are true except A the first seven pairs of ribs are referred to as vertebrosternal, or true, ribs. B the only articulation between the thorax and the upper extremity is the sternoclavicular joint. C the gladiolus is the upper part of the sternum and is quadrilateral in shape. D the anterior ends of the ribs are about 4 in. below the level of the vertebral ends.

C

For a lateral projection of the cervical spine, the MSP and the IR should be A perpendicular B at a right angle C parallel D horizontal (axial)

C

Irregular bones include which of the following? I. Facial bones II. CarpalsIII. Vertebra IV. Pelvis bones V. Scapula A I, II, III B III, IV, V C I, III, IV D II, IV, V

C

Lumbar zygapophyseal articulations are demonstrated closest to the IR in the A lateral position. B left and right bending positions. C RPO and LPO positions. D RAO and LAO positions.

C

Ribs 1-10 articulate with thoracic vertebrae at which of the following locations? 1. Vertebral body 2. Pedicle 3. Lamina 4. Transverse processes A 1 and 3 only B 2 and 3 only C 1 and 4 only D 3 and 4 only

C

Select the one incorrect statement from those listed below: A The RAO and LAO positions will demonstrate cervical intervertebral foramina closest to the image receptor. B "Breathing technique" is useful to blur out ribs and pulmonary vascular markings for the lateral projection of the thoracic spine. C During radiographic examination of the large bowel, the AP or PA projection is used to "open up" the sigmoid colon. D During double-contrast BE, the ventral decubitus and lateral rectum may be used to demonstrate the posterior wall of the rectum.

C

The AP axial L5-S1 projection requires how much angulation in the cephalad direction? A 10° to 15° B 20° to 25° C 30° to 35° D 40° to 45°

C

The AP axial projection of the cervical spine requires tube angulation in the cephalad direction by how many degrees? A 5° to 10° B 10° to 15° C 15° to 20° D 20° to 25°

C

The LPO and RPO positions of the sacroiliac joints require the affected side to be elevated by how many degrees? A 15° to 20° B 20° to 55° C 25° to 30° D 30° to 35°

C

The LPO and RPO positions of the sacroiliac joints requires that the CR be directed A 2 inches medial to the elevated ASIS. B 2 inches medial to the down ASIS. C 1 inch medial to the elevated ASIS. D 1 inch medial to the down ASIS.

C

The articulations between the bodies of the vertebrae are classified as A diarthrodial B synovial C amphiarthrodial D plane (gliding)

C

The axial skeleton consists of which of the following? I. Skull II. Upper extremities III. Vertebral column IV. Ribs V. Lower extremities VI. Sternum A I, II, III, V B II, III, V, VI C I, III, IV, VI D II, III, IV, V

C

The first through fourth lumbar zygapophyseal articulations are how many degrees to the MSP? A 25° B 35° C 45° D 55°

C

The knees and hips are flexed, and knees supported for an AP projection of the lumbar spine in order to reduce the lordotic curve and better demonstrate A intervertebral foramina. B zygapophyseal joints. C intervertebral joints. D vertebral foramina.

C

The most important way to reduce involuntary motion is A expediting the exam. B good communication. C using the shortest possible exposure time. D using immobilization devices/restraints.

C

The outer fibrous portion of an intervertebral disk is the A herniated nucleus pulposus B intervertebral joints C annulus fibrosus D spinal canal

C

The typical vertebra includes which of the following articular processes: I. Superior articular II. Lamina III. Spinous IV. Transverse V. Pedicle A I, II, III B II, III, IV C I, III, IV D I, IV, V

C

The vertebral fracture commonly associated with osteoporosis is known as a A chance fracture B clay-shoveler's fracture C compression fracture D Jefferson fracture

C

Vertebra prominens is another name for A C 1/2 B C 3 C C 7 D T 10

C

What is the medical term for a slipped disk? A Spondylolisthesis B Transitional vertebra C Herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) D Spondylitis

C

What ligament of the atlas (C1) holds the odontoid process and/or dens (C2) in place? A Nuchal ligament B Interspinous ligament C Transverse atlantal ligament D Ligamentum flavum

C

Which of the following anatomic structures is indicated by the number 1 in Figure 2-24? A Body of L3 B Body of L4 C Spinous process D Transverse process

C

Which positions are generally used to demonstrate or evaluate lumbar spinal fusion? (select the two that apply) A. Obliques B. Weight-bearing PA C. Flexion D. Extension

C & D

An RAO sternum on a patient having a deep, barrel-shaped chest will require what level of obliquity compared to an RAO sternum on a patient having a shallow chest? A The same amount of B Slightly more C Significantly more D Slightly less

D

Fluoroscopic and radiographic examination of the spinal cord and its meninges using positive contrast agents is termed A spinal puncture B urography C angiography D myelography

D

In an AP projection, which view demonstrates the entire cervical spine? A AP axial vertebral arch projection B Fuchs (AP) or Judd method (PA) C AP axial projection D AP "wagging jaw" projection

D

The short, thick processes that project posteriorly from the vertebral body are the A transverse processes. B vertebral arches. C laminae. D pedicles.

D

The typical vertebral foramen is bound anteriorly by the vertebral body and posteriorly by the A spinous process B transverse processes C laminae D vertebral arch

D

Which are unique characteristics of the cervical spine C3-C6? 1. Transverse foramina 2. Overlapping vertebral bodies 3. Bifid spinous process tips A 1 only B 1 and 3 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2, and 3

D

Which of the following projection(s) will best demonstrate the cervicothoracic area when not well visualized on a lateral cervical spine view? A Lateral hyperflexion and hyperextension cervical spine positions B Lateral thoracic spine position C Horizontal beam (trauma) lateral of the cervical spine D Swimmer's lateral position

D