SOC 100 Test 2
In the United States, imprisonment as a method of punishment was rare until what century?
19th century
backstage
A professor tells a colleague that he does not think he has prepared enough for the classes he must teach this semester.
frontstage
A professor walks into the first day of a new class with a complete syllabus and expresses to the students an enthusiasm about how this semester will go
backstage
A shift manager expresses worry to his boss that a new employee may never get the hang of the job
traditional authority
A volatile, immature young boy is crowned king. Because of his lineage, being king is his birthright.
Which leader or organization relied on a "team of rivals" to challenge groupthink?
Abraham Lincoln
Identify the organizations that Robert Putnam's research might argue would keep anomie at bay
Boy Scouts of America
Not a Fairly Realistic Prediction
Highly rationalized systems will lead to a society that runs smoothly, logically, and with fairness.
impersonality
In a bureaucracy, rules come before people; no individual receives special treatment.
id
Mark eats a whole pint of chocolate double fudge ice cream because he wants it.
Secondary Groups
contingent membership
A psychology experiment (Rosenhan 1973) applied labeling theory to the diagnosis of schizophrenia in a psychiatric setting. Identify the results of this experiment.
Patients initially diagnosed with schizophrenia were kept under observation for several weeks, despite behaving normally all that time.
Which of the following are examples of Edwin Sutherland's differential association theory?
Shanice finds some classmates defacing the women's bathroom with spray paint and joins in.
Nicholas Christakis and James Fowler
Social networks can influence not only an individual's health but also can spread everything from obesity to smoking and substance abuse.
Duncan Watts
Social networks can shape our actions, such as voting behavior, because of which individuals make up those social networks.
Mark Granovetter
Social ties follow social-class lines and link high socioeconomic status (SES) individuals with a vast array of high-SES contacts who can provide job leads.
Sherry Turkle
Societies value technology over relationships.
Not a Fairly Realistic Prediction
Society will become more bureaucratic in the economy and in politics, but more warm and personalistic in education and religion.
examples of socialization
Someone acts visibly uncomfortable when a coworker tells a sexist joke
Instrumental Leadership
The CEO of McDonald's knows that laying off 500 workers will bring discord among other employees but knows they must do so to meet quarterly goals.
Identify the true statements about tech-induced anxieties.
Users of social media may actually be more connected with others than nonusers.
Identify the statements that correctly describe "the strength of weak ties."
Weak ties provide access to valuable information.
Identify the true statements about deviance
What is considered deviant can change over time.
Identify the true statements about deviance
What is considered deviant can vary across different cultures.
Instrumental Leadership
Your boss does not care that forcing employees to work through the weekend may hurt morale. The project must be done by Monday.
What, in broad terms, is the definition of deviance?
a behavior trait belief or other characteristic that violates a norm and cause a negative reaction
experience management
a black child enrolls in violin lessons hockey and a french immersion school
ascribed status
a status that is born usually difficult or impossible to change
role exit
a straight a student decides to quit her sorority to focus on her grades
Secondary Group
a tailoring shop that makes bespoke (fully custom) suits for men
Americans
breast augmentation
Which of the following are currently considered deviant behavior throughout all regions of the United States?
cannibalism and cyberbullying
in-group
classy:laid back
Produced by Social Influence
compliance
Identify the following as either white collar crime or street crime.
crime that does not involve force
role exit example
dropped out of the labor force
Solomon Asch
examined how research subjects responded when multiple other individuals clearly answered a question incorrectly
role strain
experienced when there are contradictory expectations within one role
role conflict
experienced when we occupy two or more roles with contradictory expectations
Genie, the child who was deprived of practically all social interaction, eventually recovered to live a normal life complete with language and social awareness of her surroundings.
false
Someone who admits that he has a problem, such as alcoholism, but wants to shake the stigma associated with it and change his life for the better, is experiencing tertiary deviance.
false
The term "deviant" refers to a moral, not a social, judgment.
false
emotional labor is the process of helping to manage the emotions of others in order to neutralize emotionally charged situations
false
genie the child who was deprived of practically all social interaction, eventually recovered to live a normal life complete with language and social awareness of her surroundings
false
role
fraternity and sorority members are required to devote a significant amount of time to social events and community service each semester
How did Stanley Milgram test participants' obedience to authority?
he had "experimenters" coax "teachers" into shocking "learners"
identify the statement as supporting either the nature or nurture side of debate
high school levels of testosterone contribute to stereotypically masculine traits such as aggressiveness and competitiveness
Identify the aspects of group dynamics.
how groups achieve goals
Identify the aspects of group dynamics.
how groups disintegrate
Produced by Social Influence
identification
the Suri
inserting plates to enlarge the lower lip
if adolescents share ---- with others they are most likely to form peer subculture with them
interests
An employee at the local Department of Motor Vehicles puts in an eight-hour shift and then goes to a local bar and grill to celebrate a coworker's birthday. What aspect of bureaucracy does this situation highlight?
interpersonal interactions help humanize bureaucracies
the Padaung
neck stretching
Researchers in a psychology experiment (Rosenhan 1973) applied labeling theory to the diagnosis of schizophrenia in a psychiatric setting. What was the experimental design?
nonschizophrenia persons first feigned mental illness then reverted to normal behavior the goal was to see how doctors would interpret the change
Louwanda Evans's book on emotional labor and flight attendants adds which dimension to Arlie Hochschild's original conception of emotional labor?
race
innovation
reject institutionalized means accept cultural goals
Correct label: rebel
renounces society's approved goals and means entirely and instead works toward their own goals using new means
retreatist
renounces society's approved goals and means entirely and lives outside the conventional norms altogether
Violent Crime
robbery, rape, aggravated assault, murder
Worries about the effects of social media on social engagement are an extension of whose earlier research?
robert putnam
Which of the following is an example of positive deviance?
rosa parks refusing to give up her seat to a white man
social media has the potential to increase the number of point of view we are exposed to and socialize us in ways never conceived of before. someone who has been influenced and pieced together through whatever sources available is an example of which sociological concept
saturated self
Which term, coined by Robert Merton, is based on the W. I. Thomas theorem that "if men define situations as real, they are real in their consequences"?
self fulfilling prophecy
examples of socialzation
someone acts visibly uncomfortable when a coworker tells a sexis joke
Which of the following is an example of the hidden curriculum?
students are taught to dress and behave in a specific manner by teachers and other staff members
the young girls with eating disorders in fiji in the late 1990s conveys the strong influence of which agent of socialization
the mass media
what is the definition of socialization
the process of learning and internalizing the values, beliefs, and norms of our social group, by which we become functioning members of society
online interactions
these kinds of interactions allow us to contain and reduce risks not risk to life and limb necessarily but risk to self
Erving Goffman suggests there are three main types of stigma: physical, moral, and ____
tribal
People who play games such as World of Warcraft or Fortnite make up virtual communities.
true
When leadership styles do not match with traditional gender roles, the disconnect can lead to feelings of surprise or upset
true
the location time period and family into which individuals are born affect their set of meanings about how the world works
true
The phenomenon of social deviance can be studied through many different sociological lenses. Identify how social deviance would be viewed through the lens of symbolic interactionist theory.
a focus on individual psychology rather than on the social dynamics of large populations
a primary group
a group of close friends and family members who get together to watch Saturday Night Live on television each week
Primary groups
a married couple
conformity
accept institutionalized means accept cultural goals
Howard Becker
applied labeling theory to the question of how deviance begins
An educator is disgusted with standardized testing and teaching methods that lead students to simply gain a credential rather than actually learn about the world. She decides to start a charter school that employs innovative teaching methods, doesn't give students grades, and encourages creative thinking over rote learning. How would Robert Merton's strain theory of deviance classify this educator?
as are rebel
which of the following scenarios are violations dominate feeling rules in the united states
snorting and expressing disgust at the brides dress at the wedding
identity the the findings about the effect of the show (13 reasons why) in the several months following its debut
suicide rate among young people ages ten to seventeen surged in the month after the series came out
Identify the aspects of group dynamics.
how groups form
Solomon Asch studied people's tendency to conform to group norms by staging gatherings where members of a group were asked to compare a straight line to a set of three reference lines. Identify Asch's findings
Most people seek to align themselves with the group majority.
rinsta
feature the filtered version of who you are and how you want to be seen
internalization
attending class because you think that the material in the class is worth learning
compliance
attending class so that you can pass and get a degree
finsta
may represent a more genuine dedication of your true self
which statement captured a major point sherry turkle makes about communication in her lastest book reclaiming conversation
online communication reduces our ability to conduct meaningful face to face communication
expressions given
saying "good job" to a teammate
expressions given according to Goffman
saying "good job" to a teammate
second goal of socialization
school teach students the gainful employment is something to be valued and respected
first goal of socialization
schools teach students how to gain employment that will allow them to provide for themselves
The increase in incarceration rates over the last twenty years coincides with which of the following?
the increase in privatization of prisons
According to the textbook, which of the following is most important?
the interaction between nature and nurture
justine nevertheless really thought of herself as a funny person but her new friends always tell her shes very funny. justine has started telling more jokes to her friends and recently signed up for improv comedy class. which sociological concept best explains Justine's interactions with her friends and beliefs about herself?
the looking glass self
Quinn is on a high-school volleyball team and has chemistry during first period. If she wanted to assess her team's performance, which of the following could serve as a reference group and which could not?
the men's volleyball team at Quinn's school
frontstage
A manager tells a new employee that he will get the hang of things soon enough.
examples of socialization
A parent teaches a child not to burp at the dinner table
A psychology experiment (Rosenhan 1973) applied labeling theory to the diagnosis of schizophrenia in a psychiatric setting. Identify the results of this experiment.
An initial diagnosis of schizophrenia tended to color the medical staff's interpretation of patients' later behaviors.
Identify the organizations that Robert Putnam's research might argue would keep anomie at bay
Boys and Girls Clubs of America
Correct label: hierarchy
Bureaucracies always feature the supervision of subordinates by higher-ranking managers and bosses.
For her study of the experiences of people with criminal records, sociologist Devah Pager sent out equally matched pairs of job applicants—one Black and one white—and had them apply for actual entry-level jobs. The men took turns presenting themselves as having a criminal record.Identify the results of Pager's study.
Criminal records close many doors for both white and Black applicants.
functions of deviance
Deviance can promote social cohesion.
superego
Ed has the opportunity to cheat on his wife but chooses not to because he knows it will hurt her and possibly destroy their marriage
Identify the true statements about social media engagement and our social connections.
Eric Klinenberg and Claude Fischer make the case that despite a rise in social media use, Americans are no more or less lonely or detached from one another than they have ever been.
environment management
a black family moves to a predominantly white neighborhood
examples of socialzation
a child show a parent how to check email using a smartphone
stages of child development on the timeline in chronological order according to george herbert meads theory of the development of the social self
preparatory stage -> play stage -> game stage
secondary deviance
the subsequent deviant identity or career that develops as a result of being labeled deviant
In-Group
a history major at the University of Michigan
Although the term often references race, which of the following is also an example of "passing"?
a man with wrist scars from an attempted suicide covers them by wearing long sleeves even in the summer
appeals to respectability politics
a mother forbids hoodies and low hanging jeans saying people will think you're a thug
examples of socialzation
a parent teaches a child not to burp at the dinner table
archived status
a status earned through individual effort or imposed by others
master status
a status that is always relevant and affects all others statues we possess
role conflict
a straight a student who spent most of her time studying in high school joins a sorority and faces increased pressure to spend less time studying
innovator
accepts society's approved goals but rejects the means to achieve those goals
Diamond believes that humans have free will and are not deeply constrained by their social circumstances. Diamond is a big believer in which sociological concept?
agency
peers
aidan insists on wearing certain brands and styles because he want to fit in with his friends
media
amalia sees herself as overweight because she compares her body to bodies she sees on social media
Which concept refers to a state of normlessness that is kept in check by group membership?
anomie
Quinn is on a high-school volleyball team and has chemistry during first period. If she wanted to assess her team's performance, which of the following could serve as a reference group and which could not?
another school's volleyball team
In-Group
her sister who is a student at Michigan State
which of the following scenarios are violations dominate feeling rules in the united states
laughing and expressing joy at a funeral
Stanley Milgram
led research subjects to believe they were shocking another individual in a different room when the person got a question incorrect
what in a nutshell does the dramaturgical theory of society say about human life
life is essentially a play
deterrence
passing a law that states that anyone caught stealing an item or items valued at $1,000 or more will have one hand cut off
incapacitation
passing a law that states that anyone committing fraud will be imprisoned for a minimum of twenty years
rehabilitation
passing a law that states that first-time offenders for any violent crime will be submitted to a psychological evaluation and given mental health treatment
second goal of socialization
peers teach youth what type of clothing is stylish ad desirable
The way that the My Lai massacre ended during the Vietnam War is an example of what?
positive deviance
For her study of the experiences of people with criminal records, sociologist Devah Pager sent out equally matched pairs of job applicants—one Black and one white—and had them apply for actual entry-level jobs. The men took turns presenting themselves as having a criminal record Identify the results of Pager's study.
A white man with a criminal record was more likely to receive a job call-back than a Black man with no criminal record.
Identify the statement that offers a conflict theory perspective on anti-sodomy laws.
anti-sodomy laws were a way for the heterosexual majority to exercise control over same sex minorities
stigma
any physical or social attribute that devalues a person or group's identity and that may exclude those who are devalued from normal social interaction
Erving Goffman
applied social interactionist theory to the dynamics of stigma
In their research, Matt Hoffman and Lisa Torres found that the number of women in a person's network did not affect the quality of job information that the person received from their network.
false
which of the following are examples of role taking emotions
you feel embarrassed that you forgot your brothers birthday
Which of the following are examples of role-taking emotions?
you feel sadness for you friend who has just lost her mother to cancer
which of he following are examples of role taking emotions
you feel sadness for your friend who has just lost her mother to cancer
direct tie
your sibling
The phrase "keeping up with the Joneses," which means to display wealth more than one's neighbors, is an example of what group concept?
reference group
retreatism
reject institutionalized means reject culture goals
Which international business chain is referenced by George Ritzer's theory of spreading bureaucratic rationalization and increased efficiency?
McDonalds
Identify each statement about social network analysis during the Covid-19 pandemic as describing either South Korea or the United States.
Monitoring social networks resulted in fewer cases of Covid-19.
banishment from the community
Native Americans
flogging
Colonial Americans
Function(s) of Deviance
Deviance can help clarify moral boundaries.
formal written communication
Documents such as memos (or e-mails) are the heart of the organization and the most effective way to communicate
Who coined the term "anomie"?
Emile Durkheim
Secondary Groups
impersonal
Brazilians
butt augmentation
Identify the following as either white collar crime or street crime.
crime that is committed by high social status individuals
which of the following statements correctly explain why the family is such an important agent of socialization
families create early emotional and social bonds
which of the following statements correctly explain why the family is such an important agent of socialization
families teach us about gender roles
an aggregate
the audience at a taping of Saturday Night Live
Pablo comes from a low-income family but worked hard in school and earned a full scholarship to Stanford University. Pablo is worried that his peers and professors will recognize his background and treat him differently, so he wears new clothes and attempts to hide his accent on the first day of classes. When Pablo goes home for the weekend, he leaves his new clothes behind in his dorm and does not mask his accent.Which sociological concept best explains Pablo's behavior and interactions with others?
impression management
which of the following terms apply to this scenario? an employee works to appears as they care about in reality does not feel the emotions they're expressing
status
embodied status
status generated by physical characteristics
online interactions
teens use these kinds of social spaces as getaways from the pressures of parents teachers and other adults
role
the set of behaviors expected of someone because of their status
rinsta
viewable to close friends acquaintances and even people the user has never met
online interactions
while we may have lots of connections we experience less depth in our relationships with them
Which of the following situations is an example of deviance avowal?
a man decides to quit smoking but asks his friends and family to identify him as a smoker not an ex smoker because he believes the addiction is life long
Secondary Group
a professional football team
expressions given off
a raise of an eyebrow
expressions given off
a shrug of the shoulders
expressions given off
a thumbs up
online interactions
adults tweet and post to expand their social circles and spread the world about their accomplishments
a category
all of the people watching Saturday Night Live on television last Saturday
Lana was always spoiled during her youth. As an only child, she was lavished with praise and gifts from her parents. Unfortunately, they died when Lana was in college, and since then, Lana has remained single and has made no close friends. Her contact with other family members is limited.By virtue of her limited group membership, which of these concepts is Lana is more likely to experience?
anomie
achieved status
college graduate
Mark just bought a brand-new Subaru hybrid after driving a twenty-year-old car for a long time. He is really impressed with his new car and takes every opportunity to drive his friends around in it. Over the next year, three of his friends buy new Subarus and three others are seriously considering doing so. Which concept best describes what is happening in Mark's network?
contagion
achieved status
doctor
achieved status
ex-convict
Which of the following describes an interaction that occurs in copresence?
having coffee with your mom
Correct label: specialization
All members of a bureaucracy are assigned specific roles and tasks.
embodied status
blind
embodied status
paraplegic
shunning
the Amish
Group cohesion is likely to be highest among which group?
a secret an ivy league university
finsta
likely include inside jokes and unflattering selfies
Honor killings are primarily seen in Middle Eastern and ____________ cultures.
south Asia
Identify the true statements about social media engagement and our social connections.
According to the Pew Research Center's Internet and American Life Project, users of social media are more connected than nonusers.
Correct label: legal-rational authority
After an election, a person says, "I didn't vote for her, but I'll support her because she was elected mayor."
technical competence
All members are expressly trained and qualified for their specific roles within the organization.
Robert Putnam
Americans have drastically reduced their levels of civic engagement over time.
Identify each statement about social network analysis during the Covid-19 pandemic as describing either South Korea or the United States.
Covid explore was traced through passively obtained cell phone data and cashless transaction records.
Which of the following are examples of Edwin Sutherland's differential association theory?
Justin begins using drugs regularly after hanging out with a group of peers who pressured him to do so.
ego
Justine wants to copy her roommate's homework but is afraid her roommate will catch her.
Solomon Asch studied people's tendency to conform to group norms by staging gatherings where members of a group were asked to compare a straight line to a set of three reference lines. Identify Asch's findings
Many people are reluctant to be the sole dissenting voice in a group.
Joseph Conti
The United States is one of the most powerful members of the WTO not because of its outcome in disputes but because of its centrality
Joseph Conti
The United States is one of the most powerful members of the WTO not because of its outcome in disputes but because of its centrality.
charismatic authority
The high school class president isn't particularly politically skilled, but their classmates find them winsome and likeable.
rules and regulations
These are meant to make all operations as predictable as possible.
psychoanalysis
parents instill a conscience (superego) in children through rules that govern their instinctual behavior (id) until children mature and are self-governing (ego)
first goal of socialization
parents teach children how to eat food
the story of christopher knight is an example of which sociological concept
social isolation
a secondary group
the cast members of Saturday Night Live
describes behavior considered deviant in either India or Ethiopia.
the customer begins eating with their left hand.
Out-Group
an Ohio State student who went to Melissa's rival high school in Michigan
Primary Group
a close-knit group of adult friends who have been together since middle school
In-Group
a current community college student with whom Melissa went to high school
status
a position in a social hierarchy carries a particular set of exceptions
Which theoretical perspective would suggest that group memberships are used to separate and differentially treat individuals on the basis of their categorization?
conflict theory
which of the following terms apply to this scenario? an employee works to appears as they care about in reality does not feel the emotions they're expressing
emotional labor
Primary groups
enduring membership
Correct label: ritualist
gives up on achieving society's approved goals but accepts the means to achieve those goals
Why is Colin Kaepernick seen by some as a "deviant hero"?
he accepted the consequences for kneeling during the national anthem hoping to create positive change
Identify the aspects of group dynamics.
how groups change
The National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance (NAAFA) is an example of what stigma-related concept?
in group orientation
identity the the findings about the effect of the show (13 reasons why) in the several months following its debut
in the nine months after the show premiere there was 195 more suicide deaths in the 10-17 age group than would have otherwise been expected
A researcher examines the effects of learning communities on a college campus. In these communities, students live in a small dorm hall together, have one faculty advisor, attend a first-year seminar together, and participate in social activities together. After completing her study, the researcher finds that compared to students living in regular dorms or off-campus, students in these communities are less likely to engage in either underage drinking or cheat on assignments and tests, and have fewer disciplinary actions on their records. Which sociological perspective best explains this finding?
social control theory
works of fiction such as the jungle book are retellings of myths about feral children. these stories highlight the sociological concept of ------ but some real world examples of kidnapping and abuse are no myth
social isolation
Jeff Bezos, founder of Amazon, has a rule that if a team cannot be fed by two pizzas, the team is too large. The "two pizza" rule exemplifies the concept of ________
social loafing
based on scientific evidence about social isolation and lack of socialization which of the following are likely outcomes for a child who is deprived of contact with agents of socialization
the child will be unable to related to other humans
Identify the individuals who are most likely to serve as weak ties.
your cousin's friend
indirect tie
your cousin's friend. your friends cousin
Identify the individuals who are most likely to serve as weak ties.
your father's business partner's son
examples of socialization
A child shows a parent how to check email using a smartphone.
Expressive Leadership
The owner of your local coffee shop considers requiring workers to open the store at 4:30 a.m. but after considering the undue stress it may add to employees, decides not to implement the change.
Fairly Realistic Prediction
Workers' movements will be monitored in order to maximize predictability and efficiency.
Which of the following statements about crime and gender have been supported by data from the last decade?
as women gain power in the labor market through education and income crime rates among women rise to match those among men more closely
Philip Zimbardo
assigned research subjects to play either a prisoner or a guard for a two-week mock-prison simulation.
identification
attending class because you think your professor and classmates are smart and have interesting ideas
schools
boipelo can read and write because a teacher instructed her in these skills although her parents cannot read or white
Jennifer's soccer league is quite large. It includes twelve teams, and each team has approximately fifteen members. Jennifer is very popular and has the most ties with individuals throughout the league. Which social network concept best describes Jennifer's situation?
centrality
A sociologist believes that students with less money or connections who are caught plagiarizing are punished harshly and have fewer options afterward, whereas students with more financial or social resources can either transfer to another school or rely on their parents for help. What theoretical perspective does this thinking represent?
conflict theory
American criminologist Richard Quinney theorized that capitalism—and the exploitation and oppression of the working class—make deviant and even criminal behavior nearly inescapable for workers. The ruling class can make laws that target the poor. When the poor act out against repression, they become targets for law enforcement, while the rich and powerful remain free to do what they like. Quinney's theory falls under which sociological perspective?
conflict theory
The opening text of this chapter suggests that William Randolph Hearst pressured politicians in early twentieth-century America to make marijuana illegal. Over many decades, social scientists have examined how the selective application of drug laws and the penalties attached to them have favored some groups while harshly penalizing others. Which sociological perspective best explains this finding?
conflict theory
Identify the principles that were explained in Nicholas Christakis and James Fowler's 2009 work on social networks.
contagion and connection
Identify the following as either white collar crime or street crime.
crime that is policed and typically punished less strenuously than other types of crime
Robert Merton
developed strain theory as a functionalist account of social deviance
Primary Groups
ends in themselves
Secondary Groups
instrumental in purpose
Produced by Social Influence
internalization
the most predominant agents of socialization
schools, the family, peers, and the media
In labeling theory, what is the difference between primary deviance and secondary deviance?
secondary deviance is an eventual effect of primary deviance which is the initial deviant behavior
out-group
snobbish:lazy
According to Erving Goffman, when one is labeled a deviant and experiences stigma, what does that individual acquire?
spoiled identity
Which Greek word does "stigma" come from?
tattoo
based on scientific evidence about social isolation and lack of socialization which of the following are likely outcomes for a child who is deprived of contact with agents of socialization
the child will not learn how to communicate through language with others
primary deviance
the first act of rule breaking
identify the statement as supporting either the nature or nurture side of debate
the human genome project promises to reveal important answers to questions of human behavior
Which statement about Nikki Jones's 2012 ethnographic study of inner-city African American girls in Philadelphia is true?
the intersectionality of race class and gender places these young women in bind as they navigate respectability and practicality
Émile Durkheim
Group membership prevents a state of normlessness.
Identify the organizations that Robert Putnam's research might argue would keep anomie at bay
Habitat for Humanity
Identify the true statements about tech-induced anxieties.
In vulnerable times of life, such as adolescence, the internet and especially social media may lead to more loneliness.
Fairly Realistic Prediction
Individuals with unique personal traits and needs may feel depersonalized by systems that treat all persons the same.
Identify the statements that correctly describe "the strength of weak ties."
Weak ties provide benefits that strong ties do not.
The phenomenon of social deviance can be studied through many different sociological lenses. Identify how social deviance would be viewed through the lens of symbolic interactionist theory.
a recognition of the impact of assigning labels to behaviors and to people
ritualism
accept institutionalized means reject cultural goals
property crime
arson, burglary, motor vehicle theft, larceny
arlie hochschilds 1983 research on emotional labor focused on people in two professions; bill collectors and
flight attendants
Susan is a Black job candidate, and Alison is a white job candidate. Which outcome is predicted according to David Pedulla and Devah Pager's research on race and social networks?
members of alisons social network make more effective connections on her behalf than do susan's
the family
mia values equality between spouses because that is what she observed between her two parents
Not Produced by Social Influence
obedience
Émile Durkheim
offered a functionalist theory of deviance
What term describes "actions considered deviant within a given context but are later reinterpreted as appropriate or even heroic"?
positive deviance
