Sociology Chapter 6 Quiz

Justin enrolls in a local community college so he can one day become an engineer. Justin is about to become a member of a: a. Voluntary organization b. Paparazzi organization c. Utilitarian organization d. Coercive organization

c. Utilitarian organization

Evidence of the process called the "McDonaldization" of society includes _______ a. the increased flexibility of the modern workplace b. the fact that many new jobs demand creativity and imagination c. bank tellers being replaced with automatic teller machines (ATMs) d. the fact that jobs now provide workers with greater autonomy and independence

c. bank tellers being replaced with automatic teller machines (ATMs)

During the process of groupthink _______ a. group members treat consensus as less important than encouraging everyone to speak up openly b. The group seeks diverse members and ends up being unable to reach a consensus c. group members quickly settle on a position and then they treat other possibilities as oppositional d. group members encourage each other to see the issue from multiple points of view

c. group members quickly settle on a position and then they treat other possibilities as oppositional

The concept "social media" refers to _____ a. any technology that discourages social interaction b. material about social behavior' c. technology that links people in social activity d. technology based in industrial production

c. technology that links people in social activity

The term meritocracy is defined by the text as: a. A status-based regime in which advancement in unlikely b. The removal of personal feelings from a professional situation c. The authoritarian devalue of an employee d. A bureaucracy where membership and advancement is based on proven and documented skills

d. A bureaucracy where membership and advancement is based on proven and documented skills

A total institution can be defined as: a. A business which offers career advice for federal employees b. A group in which the masses have a large influence in decision making. c. A clear chain of command found in a bureaucracy d. An organization in which participants live a controlled lifestyle and in which total resocialization occurs

d. An organization in which participants live a controlled lifestyle and in which total resocialization occurs

The concept "reference groups" can be defined as: a. Groups which consist of people for whom an individual feels great disdain. b. Groups a person belongs to and feels are an integral part of his or her identity. c. People who share similar characteristics but who are not connected in any way. d. Groups to which an individual compared himself or herself.

d. Groups to which an individual compared himself or herself.

An example of a primary group is______ a. carpenters gathering at a work site b. a student government government meeting c. a reunion of the graduating class of 1977 d. a family that has gathered to celebrate a religious holiday

d. a family that has gathered to celebrate a religious holiday

Stanley Milgram's research, in which subjects used a "shock generator," showed_____ a. that ordinary people are surprisingly independent in their judgements b. the ability to withstand pain varies with cultural background c. people become angry when others disagree with them d. people are surprisingly likely to follow the orders of not only real authority figures but also groups of ordinary individuals

d. people are surprisingly likely to follow the orders of not only real authority figures but also groups of ordinary individuals

What is the difference between a primary group and a secondary group? a. A primary group is small, consisting of emotional face-to-face relationships; a secondary group is larger and impersonal b. A primary group is small and impersonal; a secondary group is large and consists of face-to-face relationships. c. A primary group is large and impersonal; a secondary group is small, consisting of emotional, face-to-face relationships. d. A primary group is large and impersonal; a secondary group is small and purely instrumental in function.

a. A primary group is small, consisting of emotional face-to-face relationships; a secondary group is larger and impersonal

What is Robert Merton's term for a preoccupation with rules and regulations to the point of keeping an organization from accomplishing its goals? a. Bureaucratic ritualism b. Bureaucratic inertia c. Bureaucratic innovation d. Bureaucratic alienation

a. Bureaucratic ritualism

Charles Cooley referred to a small social group whose members share personal and enduring relationships as ____ a. a primary group b. an expressive group c. a secondary group d. an instrumental group

a. a primary group

The basic idea behind scientific management is that ______ a. applying scientific principles can make a business more efficient b. organizations benefit from employees with scientific knowledge c. formal organizations can benefit from more hierarchy and rigidity d. both science and formal organizations are rational

a. applying scientific principles can make a business more efficient

According to the findings of Solomon Asch, ____ a. many people are willing to compromise their own judgement to avoid being seen as different by others b. many people are unwilling to compromise their own judgement to please authority figures c. ordinary people are often not truthful to people who are in power. d. many people have week self-images and seek social approval

a. many people are willing to compromise their own judgement to avoid being seen as different by others

One of the traits Max Weber noted about bureaucracy was that it _____? a. provides workers with highly specialized jobs b. emphasizes cultural traditions c. favor family members over strangers d. arranges workers in a flat organizational hierarchy

a. provides workers with highly specialized jobs

From the point of view of anyone considered to be an "inmate," what type of formal organization is the person in? a. A normative organization b. A coercive organization c. A utilitarian organization d. A voluntary organization

b. A coercive organization

_____ refers to group leadership that emphasizes collective well-being a. Democratic leadership b. Expressive leadership c. Instrumental leadership d. Authoritarian leadership

b. Expressive leadership

Which of the following is an example of an in-group/out-group dynamic: a. Organizations across a college campus come together at a yearly fundraiser to raise money for the Cancer Awareness chapter. b. Members of sorority Delta Delta Delta advise their pledges not to socialize with members of pledges of Delta Theta c. Chorus members of the campus's production of Hairspray practice in Theatre building's first floor, while the cast of God of Camage practices on the second floor. 'd. The Chemistry Club advertises their organization at the local science fair

b. Members of sorority Delta Delta Delta advise their pledges not to socialize with members of pledges of Delta Theta

When Kevin backpacks across Europe after his high school graduation, he is surprised to find Burger Kings, H&Ms, and even Wal-Mart stores in the foreign cities. This is an example of: a. In-Group/Out Group dynamic b. The McDonaldization of Society c. A bureaucracy d. Counter-culture

b. The McDonaldization of Society

Which of the following is every society's most important primary group? a. The work group b. The family c. The play group d. The peer group

b. The family