Sociology unit 2 2

The upper class makes up 1 percent of the total U.S. population, but its total net worth is greater than that of __________ of the rest of the population.

90 percent

Among the most affected by poverty in low-income economies are:

Aged men and women

Psychologist Theodore W. Adorno concluded that highly prejudiced individuals tend to have a/an ____________, which is characterized by excessive conformity, intolerance, insecurity, and rigid, stereotypic thinking.

Authoritarian personality

What do sociologist call awareness of our own and others' class statuses?

Class consciousness

Which of the following would be an example of segregation?

Confining Japanese and Italian Americans to relocation camps during World War II

All of the following are examples of political crime, except:

Dubious use of public funds an public property

diffential association theory

Edwin Sutherland

According to ____________no act in itself is deviant, it is the way in which society defines it.

Emile Durkheim

Deviance is functional

Emile Durkheim

All of the following theorists are correctly matched with their theory, except: a. Erving Goffman -- labeling theory b. Robert Merton -- strain theory c. Travis Hirschi - differential association d. Meda Chesney Lind - feminist approach

Erving Goffman

labeling theory

Erving Goffmann

_____________ is a collection of people distinguished by others or by themselves, primarily on the basis of cultural or nationality characteristics.

Ethnic group

When do people begin to treat children in specific ways because of their gender?

From Birth

James Baldwin's book "The Fire the Next Time" is a reflection of what theory on prejudice?

Functionalist perspective

An approach to racism which emphasizes that racism keeps minorities in low-paying jobs, thereby supplying the capitalist ruling class with a pool of cheep labor, is based on the work of which theorist?

Karl Marx

Which of the following conceptualizes the idea that your probability of economic success (good job, housing and education) is largely dependent on your background?

Life chances

How does sociologist define patriarchy?

Male Dominance

"The Beauty Myth: How the Images of Beauty Have Been Used Against Women" was emphasized by:

Naomi Wolf

All of the following sports teams are examples of stereotypes, except:

Pittsburg Penguins

Strain Theory

Robert Merton

Johnatan Kozol "In Death At An Early Age" contends that students who are told by teachers, repeatedly that they will never succeed will experience a:

Self fulfilling prophecy

According to __________theory, people are sometimes exposed to Cultural goals that is unable to obtain because they do not have access to culturally approved means of achieving those goals.

Strain

William Chambliss research on The Saints and the Roughnecks showed that:

The perception of deviance is related to social class and wealth

A motorist driving 60 mph in a 55 mph zone would most likely not get a ticket because:

They have not broken the range of tolerance of society

According to Jack Katz in "Seduction of Crime," why might teenagers shoplift?

They want the thrill of getting away with breaking the rules

Control Theory

Travis Hirschi

What sort of social mobility often results from losing a job?

Vertical social mobility

The social construction of race refers to:

a. how race is defined by society and the dominant group b. how the mass media portrays race c. how stereotypes, and the self-fulfilling prophecy influences perception of race d:all of the above $$

Arthur Ashe was a retired tennis star, an author, a political activist, and a person with Aids. If he is remembered mainly as a well-know personality with Aids, then this is his

ascribed status

Sociologist consider race and ethnicity to be ___________statuses, since people are born into racial and ethnic groups.

ascribed statuses

Vladimir, a Russian immigrant to the United States, insist that everyone call him "Joe" and refuses to speak Russian, even in casual conversation wih Russian-speaking friends. This is an example of :

assimilation

A women is born into a homeless, single-parent family. She is very talented and as an adult, becomes a wealthy, world-acclaimed pianist. This scenario most closely represents which type of stratification system?

class

Because laws represent the interests of those in power, crimes committed by the upper classes are typically more leniently than crimes committed by the lower classes. This argument is consistent with:

conflict theory

Terrorism is considered both _________, and __________ behavior.

deviant, illegal

The parent of a deviant child often wants to find some way to excuse their offspring's behavior, and it's common to hear them say, "He just fell in with the wrong crowd." According to William Sutherland's theory on deviance this is an example of ?

differential association

Refusing to hire minorities and women in the workplace is an example of:

discrimination

The "Trail of Tears" refers to:

forced migration of native Americans

Darfur, the Nazi gas ovens, and the mass killing of Native Americans are examples of:

genocide

Showing extreme prejudice directed at gays and lesbians Represents:

homophobia

White collar crimes such as silicone breast implants and daily household products that may deceive the public and may even be dangerous are examples of :

illegitimate opportunity

In Office Space, the character Peter Gibbons spends most of his time trying to find unconventional and even illegal ways of making money. According to Robert Merton this is an example of?

innovation

At one time, many Hispanics were effectively barred from Serving in the Chicago Police Department because they failed to meet the height requirement. This was an example of:

institutionalized discrimination

mobility is the social movement experienced by family members from one generation to the next.

intergenerational mobility

Eugene Hartley's study on "Why People Are Prejudice" demonstrated through groups such as Wallonians, and Pirenans, that:

people act on beliefs and not facts

In the early nineteenth century, Native Americans who had survived clashes with the U. S. Army were forcibly removed to reservations. this is an example of:

population transfer

Which term is used to refer to a negative attitude toward an entire category of people?

prejudice

According to Edwin Lemert's typology _________deviance is exemplified by a person under the drinking age who orders an alcoholic beverage but is not caught and not labeled a deviant.

primary deviance

The practice of assuming that people who fit certain descriptions are likely to be engaged in illegal activities is referred to as:

racial profiling

A set of beliefs about the superiority of one racial or ethnic group compared to another is:

racism

The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment showed

research related to deviance, racism, and stratification

Individuals who join a deviant subculture, and commit various Crimes repeatedly, and are given a label or stigma represent:

secondary deviance

Unwanted or repeated sexual advances, remarks, or behavior that is offensive to the recipient and causes discomfort with job performance constitutes:

sexual harassment

An example of a caste system that existed in the U. S. would be:

slavery

The owner of a major league baseball team can fire employees for not winning a pennant, and have the city build him a new ballpark. This owner would most likely be considered to have:

social power

In "On Being Sane in Insane Places" David Rosenhan suggest that:

staff working in mental hospitals often take on the behavioral characteristics of patients b. researchers posing as "pseudopatients, but otherwise acting normally, were nonetheless treated as insane by the hospital staff c. researchers, working in mental hospitals, started to develop higher rates of mental illness

How do observers determine someone's socioeconomic status when meeting them for the first time?

their speech and their gestures

W. I. Thomas argued that "if men defined situations as real then:

they are real in their consequences."

What group of people is challenging contemporary society to broaden its definition of sex and gender?

transgendered people

In sociologist Daniel Rossides' model of the class system in the United States, which social class contains the smallest portion of the population but has the greatest wealth and power?

upper class

According to Max Weber what criteria does a social class system use to stratify its members?

wealth power and prestige