Test Study Guide: Periodic Trends
Identify how many periods and groups make up the periodic table
18 groups and 7 periods
what is the outermost energy level: H
1s1
what is the outermost energy level: SI
3s2 3p2
what is the outermost energy level: Ar
3s2 3p6
what is the outermost energy level: Ca
4s2
Where are the halogens located?
7a
Arrange the following elements from largest to smallest in atomic radii: S, Al, Ar, Si, Mg, P
Across period 3: Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Ar
Name the special names given to the representative groups 2A
Alkaline Earth metals
Arrange the following elements from highest to lowest ionization energy: S, Al, Ar, Si, Mg, P
Ar, S, P, Si, Al, Mg
Arrange strontium, beryllium, calcium, and barium in order of decreasing ionization energy. Explain you reasoning using the periodic trends.
Be, Ca, Sr, Ba, Of the three factors that affect periodic trendonly the effective nuclear charge is constant. Since all the elements are in the same group, the changing of energy levels and shielding become major factors,As you move down the group, both energy level and shielding increase.
What are the smallest layers of the earth?
Crust
List the four main layers of the earth.
Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
When a potassium atom loses one electron to form an K+ ion, the electron is lost from what orbital? Write the electron configuration for this ion. What element has the same electron configuration as the potassium ion?
Electron is lost from the outer 4s orbital Ground State 19K: 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 4s1 Ion 19K+ 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 The ion has 18 electrons. The Noble gas Ar also has 18 electrons
List all elements in the group 7A Halogen family
F, Cl, Br, I, At
Groups are know as
Families
Name the special names given to the representative groups 7A
Halogens
List all elements in the Noble gas family.
He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
What are the largest layers of the earth?
Mantle
Which has the larger radius Ar, or Na+?
Na+ gains an electron while sodium doesnt lose or gain anyelectrons
What alloy (metals) is found in the inner and outer cores?
Nickel and iron
Where are elements with s and p sublevels filled located?
Noble gasses in 8a
The crust is composed of the
Oceanic and continental crust
As you travel across period 3 from left to right , explain what causes the radius size to decrease.
Of the tree factors energy level, sheilding and effective nuclear chare, only effective nuclear charge can take effect since it increases as you move from left to right, the stronger the neuclear charge then the electrons are closer to the neucles resulting in smaller radius sizes.
Describe in terms of period and group where the element tin, Sn is found.
Period 5, group 14
What name is given to all "A" groups?
Representative elements
Arrange chromium, scandium, cobalt, vanadium in decreasing atomic radius (larger to smaller). Explain you reasoning using the periodic trends.
Sc ,V, Cr, Co, because the effective nuclear charge increases resulting in the electrons being closer to the neucleus
Define electronegativity
The ability of an atom to attrach electrons to itself
Define ionization energy
The energy need to remove an electron from a gasseous atom
Periodic law
When elements are listed in order of their atomic numbers, they fall into recurring groups, so that elements with similar properties occur at regular intervals.
Explain why the second ionization energy is greater than the first ionization energy in atoms.
When the first electrons are removed the nuclear charge is a strong positve one becuase there are less electrons keeping the positve protrons neutral
Name the special names given to the representative groups 1A
alkali metals
Explain why the second ionization energy is much greater than the first ionization energy for a sodium atom.
because there needs to be a higher energy to get the electrons to disconect from the closer sublevels of the atom
Which outer orbital(s) (sublevel: s, p, d, f) corresponds to the following families: transition metals.
d orbitals
Which outer orbital(s) (sublevel: s, p, d, f) corresponds to the following families: inner transition metals.
f orbitals
Elements that have simaler chemical and physical properties are located in the same:
groups because they have the same number of valence electrons
Which outer orbital(s) (sublevel: s, p, d, f) corresponds to the following families: Halogens
halogens are in p orbitals
What is the most dense earth layer?
inner core
Uranium
inner transition metal
elements that fill the f orbitals are
inner transiton elements
The energy needed to remove an electron from a gaseous atom
ionization energy
Which outer orbital(s) (sublevel: s, p, d, f) corresponds to the following families: alkaline metals , alkaline Earth Metals,
level s
Arsenic
metalloid
Explain the trends for ionization energy, and Electronegativity.
moving down a group the ionazation and electronegativity decrease, moving from rightto left across a period the ionazation energy and electronegativity also decrease
Name the special names given to the representative group 8A
noble gasses
Krypton
nonmetal
What part of the crust is least dense?
oceanic
Which layer is so hot that the metals are in a liquid state?
outer core
Which outer orbital(s) (sublevel: s, p, d, f) corresponds to the following families: noble gasses
p orbitals
Zirconium
transition metal
Name the subatomic particle responsible for chemical reactivity of all elements.
valence electrons