The Balkan Peninsula

population of Slovenia

2 million; most are slovenes, one of the slavic people

What is Romania's population?

23 million; most belong to the Romanian ethnic group

What resulted?

250,000 died and 2 million were driven out of their homes; "ethnic cleansing" entered the world's vocabulary

population of Albania

3.5 million

Croatia

3/4 of people are ethnic croats; 5 million population

It is known as?

Europe's hermit

What happened in its first years of freedom?

Its economy went into a tailspin but in the late 1990s, it found a new market for its goods in western countries.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Its population was very diverse and mixed; of every 6 residents, two were Serbs, one was a Croat, and the other three called themselves Bosniaks and practiced Islam.

2006

Montenegro became independent

What happened after Croatia declared their independence?

Serbs within its borders fought to gain their own independence or to link themselves with Serbia.

About 6.5 million of the 10.6 million people are?

Serbs; another 2 million live in neighboring republics.

What happened in 1989 with Ceausescu?

She was forced from office and executed.

The Bulgarians are what kind of people?

Slavic people

What did Kosovo do in response?

The Kosovo Liberation Army waged guerrilla warfare against the serbs, and NATO forces launched an air campaign to drive Serbian forces from the region; despite massive aid, recovery was slow.

What is Bulgaria known as?

The garden of eastern Europe

Yugoslavia

Their common Slavic heritage did not produce unity, 6 seperate republics made the nation, which was held together only by strict Communist rule after WWII

What did these tensions do?

They complicated trade patterns and hampered the Macedonian economy; Greece objected to the use of the name Macedonia for a nation comprised largely of Slavic people, claiming that the name was Hellenic

What did Croatia and Slovenia do?

They declared themselves independent in 1991; then came Macedonia, then in 1992 came Bosnia and Herzegovina.

What did ineffective governments in the 1990s lead to?

They led the economy to deteriorate even more, despite promises of economic reform

How did Croatia react?

They thought that their wealth from tourist business on the Mediterranean coastline would be eaten up by other regions.

How do Albanians feel?

Threatened by their neighbors; they were isolated ater world war II and it left them one of the poorest nations in europe

Yugoslavia physical geography

rugged peaks of Montenegro and fertile plains of the Danube valley in Serbia.

Nicolae Ceausescu

second leader who led the nation to economic chaos; energy was scarce

2001

six months of conflict flared among ethnic Albanians and Macedonians; issues of culture and national identity, particularly language were at the center of the dispute.

Seasons?

summers are warm, winters along the Black Sea Coast are mild

Who were they ruled by for 500 years?

the Turks

This term grew out of what?

the complex cultural patterns and political geography of the balkan peninsula

multiplier effect

the effect an investment has in multiplying related jobs throughout the economy; The multiplier effect helps to make more jobs in the economy.

multiplier effect

the effect and investment has in multiplying related jobs throughout an economy.

2003

the government changed into a loose federation

What did Yugoslavia mean?

the land of the southern Slavs

What happened in Bosnia and Herzegovina?

the muslims, ethnic croats, and ethnic serbs battled for power for 4 years

What do the people of this region have all known?

the ordeal of foreign domination

Where did Croats descend from?

the same early Slavic people as the Serbs, and the language of the two groups are nearly identical

What do the Balkan nations share?

their historical experience

How did Slovenia react after communist control ended in the late 1980s?

they grew restless; they were the most wealthy republic and were afraid the other Yugoslavian republics would drag it into poverty.

macedonia

they remained calm while everyone else fought but there were tensions with neighboring Greece and Albania

isolation

to isolate means to separate or to leave alone; Some countries still live in isolation and make no contact with other nations.

Ottoman Empire

took over the balkan states; originated from Turkey; started the Balkan Wars (1912-13)

Albania

tucked beside the Adriatic sea in the southwestern part of the Balkan peninsula; mountainous; small nation with a distinctive culture

What happened after the war in B and H?

war

foreign domination

when foreign people or companies are the majority in a state or country; ?????????

Is Yugoslavia ethnically diverse?

yes, there are about 2 dozen independent ethnic groups lived, either intermixed or in jigsawpuzzle ethnic regions.

entrepreneurs

go-getter individuals who start and build business; some have made fortunes selling soft drinks in Romania.

2000

gross domestic product was only half as high as it had been in 1990; unemployment- 50 percent but lowered to 30% by 2004.

resources in these places

iron ore and lead

What did a 2004 study find?

it found that more than half of all Kosovans work outside the formal economy as subsistence farmers or laborers.

Bulgaria location

located south of the Danube from Romania

Balkan Peninsula

most of the nations here fell under communist control by 1948 but anti-communist revolutions overturned the governments of these nations in 1980s-1990s. Internal conflict between nations continue to affect the region.

entrepreneur

person that organizes business or businesses; Being an entrepreneur can be very risky given that it requires introducing an idea to a marketplace and starting a business.

Romania

possesses broad plains with fertile soils along the Danube River; the foothills of the carpathian Mountains hold many minerals (despite this, they have been impoverished).

Kosovo

province of Serbia; more than 3 out of 4 residents of Kosovo were Albanian when Yugoslavia dissolved in 1991; however, serbia was unwilling to grant Kosovo independence, and its armed forces began a campaign to drive Albanians from the region.

What was done to resolve this?

A framework agreement was made to end the conflict decentralized control, allowing Albanian to be recognized as an official language in areas where ethnic Albanians make up more than 20% of the population.

Serbia and Montenegro

After other republics broke away, they kept the name Yugoslavia for their own union.

What happened by the end of communism in the 1990s?

Albanians relocated to live in other countries, they have recieved billions of dollars from foreign countries, and Italian & Greek manufacturers have built factories to take advantage of the low wages (less than $100 a month).

What helped a bit the economy of Romania?

An American soft drink maker invested and helped about 25,000 small shops stay or start building businesses selling soft drinks.

What do Serbs practice?

Eastern Orthodoxy and use the Cyrillic alphabet, whereas most Croats are Roman Catholic and use the Latin Alphabet.

The Balkan Peninsula is divided into many small nations, called?

Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Serbia, Montenegro, Croatia, Solvenia, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Macedonia, and Kosovo.

Who have been strong supporters of native Bulgarians? How did this affect them?

Russians; many Bulgarians welcomed Soviet Control after WWII

Who were the last to be part of Yugoslavia?

Serbia and Montenegro

What nations make up Yugoslavia?

Serbia, Montenegro, Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Macedonia, and Kosovo.

What was the most complex new nation created at the end of WWI?

Yugoslavia

What did Romania's first Communist leader oversee?

a Soviet-style industrialization

embargo

a decision not to trade with another nation; The government of Puerto Rico imposed an embargo on India.

What language do they speak?

a language derived from Latin, and most practice the Eastern Orthodox faith.

1995

a peace treaty divided the nation into two parts: one controlled by the Bosnians and Croats, and the other controlled by Bosnian Serbs.

Slavik

an ethnic group from Slovania and neighboring countries; The Slavik people were very significant in the 1900s.

balkanize

created in 1918 (english language); to break up into small, mutually hostile political units (or parts); this took place in the Balkans over time; The Balkan peninsula balkanized into many different countries.

What kind of government does Bulgaria have now?

democratic government although some former communists still are politically active

When did Bulgaria turn away from strict communism?

early 1990s

What resulted after the breakup of Yugoslavia and the wars that followed?

economic disaster for Serbia and Montenegro

What was happened through the multiplier effect?

eleven new jobs have been added to Romania's economy for each job that the soft drink company created.

How would you describe Bulgaria's soils?

fertile in the Danube plains and the plains south of the Balkan Mountains.

Slovenia

found in the Julian Alps; has maintained close ties with other western european nations; strong industrial base, first to have industrial development.