the civil war
Confederate States of America
(1861-1865) Government established after seven Southern states seceded from the Union. Later joined by four more states from the Upper South.
Ku Klux Klan
(AJohn) , White supremacy organization that intimidated blacks out of their newly found liberties
Emancipation Proclamation
(AL) , Issued by abraham lincoln on september 22, 1862 it declared that all slaves in the confederate states would be free
Battle for Atlanta
..., (1864) General Sherman captured Atlanta, and, in a famous march through Georgia, destroyed everything in his path that may help the enemy. This action, plus the capture of Vicksburg, cut the South into three sections.
How long did President Lincoln have to enjoy the Union victory before he was assassinated?
..., 31 days
The first major battle of the Civil War (a Southern victory) was:
..., Battle of Antietam
Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson
..., Confederate General who played a major roll in the battle of Bull Run Creek. Earned his nickname there.
Why was President Andrew Johnson impeached by Congress?
..., He attempted to fire Secretary of War Edwin Stanton in violation of the Tenure of Office Act
The commander of the Army of the Potomac following the defeat at Bull Run was:
..., John Pershing
Why did Andrew Johnson veto the Freedmen's Bureau and the Civil Rights Act of 1866?
..., Johnson felt that reconstruction policy should be lenient towards the south
Which Constitutional amendment abolished slavery?
..., The 13th Amendment
Why did President Lincoln's "Emancipation Proclamation" not immediately free any slaves?
..., general McClellan refused president Lincolns order to go after general lee
Who were the "scalawags?" Who were the "Carpetbaggers?"
..., white southerner who supported the republicans during reconstruction.
How did Rutherford Hayes election bring an end to Reconstruction?
...One month after taking office, Hayes ordered federal troops out of the South, ending Reconstruction altogether and allowing the Democratic Party to sweep in and assert total dominance of the region.
About how many Americans (Union and Confederate) died as a result of the Civil War?
1 million
Gettysburg Address
A 3-minute address by Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War (November 19, 1963) at the dedication of a national cemetery on the site of the Battle of Gettysburg
Antietam
A battle near a sluggish little creek, it proved to be the bloodiest single day battle in American History with over 26,000 lives lost in that single day.
How did white Democrats win control of Mississippi, Florida, South Carolina and Louisiana?
All of these. (White rapists undermined blacks' basic safety, white vigilante groups used violence to stop blacks from voting, black voters were threatened with losing their jobs or farms if they voted Republican.)
14th Amendment
declared that all persons born in the US were citizenship, that all citizens were entilted to equal rights and their rights wer protected by due process
15th Amendment
Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude
Why was illiteracy at such a high percentage among African Americans at the end of the Civil War?
slaves were never taught to read or write
Who was President during the Credit Mobilier and Whiskey Ring scandals?
Rutherford Hayes
What was the goal of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK)?
To eliminate all other races that were not superior.
Anaconda Plan
Union war plan by Winfield Scott, called for blockade of southern coast, capture of Richmond, capture Mississippi R, and to take an army through heart of south
Why did the Reconstruction Act of 1867 split the former Confederacy into military districts?
militarized reconstruction act
What protection did the Fifteenth Amendment offer to African Americans during Reconstruction
none
What protection did the Fourteenth Amendment offer to African Americans during Reconstruction?
protection of all liberties under the constitution
Ulysses S. Grant
an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States (1869-1877). He achieved international fame as the leading Union general in the American Civil War.
Second Inaugural Address
another famous public speech by Lincoln after he was elected for a second term; stated that he wanted to finish the business at hand with the South and allow them to rejoin the Union
Why was the Union victory at Vicksburg an important battle?
the Union gained control of the Mississippi
Reconstruction
the period after the Civil War in the United States when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union
Presidential Reconstruction
was the President's idea of reconstruction : all states had to end slavery, states had to declare that their secession was illegal, and men had to pledge their loyalty to the U.S.
"Preserve the Union"
Lincoln's main goal in fighting the Civil War.
Gettysburg
3 day battle site of a crushing confederate defeat that ended the Souths hope for a victory
By the end of the Civil War, what percentage of the Union Army was African American?
10%
Abraham Lincoln
16th President of the United States saved the Union during the Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth (1809-1865)
Freedman's Bureau
1865 - Agency set up to aid former slaves in adjusting themselves to freedom. It furnished food and clothing to needy blacks and helped them get jobs
13th Amendment
1865. Amendement abolishing and continually prohibiting slavery. With limited exception, such as those guilty of comitting a crime, it also prevents indentured servitude.
Robert E. Lee
A former union general that joined the South after Virginia seceded. He was in charge of the Confederate Army, and led it to many victories.
Radical Republicans
After the Civil War, a group that believed the South should be harshly punished and thought that Lincoln was sometimes too compassionate towards the South.
Jefferson Davis
An American statesman and politician who served as President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history from 1861 to 1865
Where did Lee surrender to Grant?
Appomattox Court House
Andrew Johnson's impeachment
Congress passed a law that said that the Senate had to approve of the President firing a cabinet member. This happened when President Johnson tested this law by firing Secretary of War Edwin Stanton without approval
Fort Sumter
Federal fort in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina; the confederate attack on the fort marked the start of the Civil War
What four advantages did the Union enjoy over the Confederacy?
Economic, Environmental, Public Relations, and Professionalism.
Jim Crow Era
Era in the South after Civil War (1865) until 1950s. African Americans were freed from slavery and could legally vote (Amendments 13, 14, 15) but were still subjected to discriminatory state laws enforcing segregation and kept from voting by laws (ex. poll taxes, literacy tests) and by violence (KKK)
Appomattox
Famous as the site of the surrender of the Confederate Army under Robert E. Lee to Union commander Ulysses S. Grant
Who made up the largest group of Southern Republicans during Reconstruction?
Farmers.
Who was given command of all Union forces in March 1864?
General Joseph Wheeler
Vicksburg
Grant besieged the city from May 18 to July 4, 1863, until it surrendered, yielding command of the Mississippi River to the Union.
Black Codes
Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War
Which four slave states remained in the Union throughout the war?
Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware
What two ironclad ships fought to a draw in 1862, signaling the end of wooden naval ships?
Monitor and the Virginia
Which four Southern states seceded after the bombardment of Fort Sumter?
North Carolina, Virginia, Arkansas, and Tennessee.
Who were the "Copperheads?"
Northerners who wanted a negotiated peace with the South even if the union were not restored (just wanted to end the war)
Radical Reconstruction
Reconstruction strategy that was based on severely punishing South for causing war
What was sharecropping?
Sharecropping was when a black family rented land and grew crops on it. They usually paid for renting land with their crops.
What impact did the Civil War have on the economy of the North?
The North's factories benefited from all of the manufacturing
Bull Run (Manassas)
The first major battle of the Civil War
Why did the Confederacy face a food shortage during the Civil War?
Took Lincoln's decision to send provisions (resupply but not reinforce) to the fort as an act of aggression
William Tecumseh Sherman
Union General who destroyed South during "march to the sea" from Atlanta to Savannah, example of total war
