Topic 9 US History Test

Jane Addams

1860-1935. Founder of Settlement House Movement. First American Woman to earn Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 as president of Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.

Gilded Age

1870s - 1890s; time period looked good on the outside, despite the corrupt politics & growing gap between the rich & poor

This craft union, led by Samuel Gompers, was the most powerful and longest-lasting of the labor unions.

American Federation of Labor

Which group was excluded entirely from immigrating to the United States after 1882?

Chinese

Frederick Winslow Taylor's scientific management principles

Develop a science for each element of work. Scientifically Select, Train, Teach, and Develop the worker. Cooperate with the Worker. Divide the Work and Responsibility.

Henry Bessemer

Devised a method to mass produce steel quickly

John D. Rockefeller

Established the Standard Oil Company and pioneer of the trust agreement

push factors

Factors that induce people to leave old residences.

JP Morgan

Financer and Banker who dominated corporate finance

Sherman Antitrust Act

First federal action against monopolies, it was signed into law by Harrison and was extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting. However, it was initially misused against labor unions

Bomb at this event led to led to an association between the labor movement and radicalism, anarchism, and terrorism.

Haymarket Affair

graft

Illegal use of political influence for personal gain

Nikola Tesla

Invented the Alternating Current (AC current) for electricity.

Christopher Sholes

Invented the typewriter

What were the TWO most important raw materials for the American industrial growth during the Gilded Age?

Iron, Oil

This earliest union was open to all skilled and unskilled workers, regardless of gender or race. It had very broad goals that sought to bring about social change, like equal pay for equal work for women and the abolishment of child labor.

Knights of Labor

Cornelius Vanderbilt

Made his wealth through shipping and railroads and displayed it in over the top ways

Andrew Carnegie

Scottish man who dominated the Steel Industry in the U.S.

What was the primary source of European immigration by the 1890s?

Southern and Eastern Europe

Edwin Drake

Used a steam engine to drill for oil

What did Mark Twain mean when he referred to the era from the end of the Civil War to the beginning of the 20th century the "Gilded Age"? a. He was concerned about the rapid rise of industry and the social costs it may have as income inequality grew. b. He was optimistic about the ability of society to adjust to the rapid changes it was seeing in industry, urbanization, and immigration. c. He was pessimistic about the ability of African Americans and women to contribute to society. d. He was celebrating the overseas empire the United State began to acquire with Hawaii, the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico all being gained.

a

Jacob Riis

a reporter who pointed out the terrible conditions of the tenement houses of the big cities where immigrants lived during the late 1800s

If McDonalds buys out In'n'Out, Burger King, Carl's Jr., Wendy's, Sonic, Jack in the Box, and Habit to control all of the hamburger market, what type of business growth is that? a. Creation of a trust agreement b. Creation of a monopoly through horizontal integration c. Creation of a monopoly through vertical integration

b

Which of the following is NOT a "bread and butter" goal of unionism? a. Better Conditions b. Abolishment of child labor c. Higher wages d. Shorter hours

b

Which of the following properly aligns the group with its point of entry and immigration processing in the United States for Asians and Europeans respectively a. Europeans = Angel Island; Asians = Ellis Island b. Asians = Angel Island; Europeans = Ellis Island c. Asians = Long Island; Europeans = Catalina Island d. Asians = Catalina Island; Europeans = Long Island

b

Which of the following is NOT a result of the application of Frederick Winslow Taylor's scientific management principles? a. The need for highly skilled workers decreased and workers became more interchangeable b. It gave management more control over the workplace and decreased worker's independence c. It cost businesses too much money to adopt and so was largely ignored d. Production sped up

c

Which of the following is NOT a way in which geography, demography, and law put the United States in a strong position to industrialize? a. The US Supreme Court consistently interprets laws in business friendly ways by upholding contracts and providing patents b. The US has a large population which booms during the Gilded Age through immigration into cities c. The US employs spies to sneak into British manufacturing plants and steal their industrial secrets d. The US is a huge nation, rich in natural resources

c

This type of business growth involves buying out all suppliers and distributors so that you control all elements of the supply chain and do not pay a profit to anybody else. a. Trust agreement b. Horizontal integration c. Incorporation d. Vertical integration

d

Which of the following is NOT a way in which the Civil War spurred industrialization? a. Government contracts given to clothing and weapons manufacturers b. Birth of the transcontinental railroad via the Pacific Railway Act c. Increased laying of telegraph wire which improved communication d. Government subsidies given to car manufacturers like Henry Ford to produce tanks for the war effort

d

Which of the following is NOT an outcome of the Great Strike of 1877? a. It showed the weakness of the labor movement b. It showed the depth of resentment workers had toward their employers and the lengths they would go to demonstrate that resentment c. It showed labor disputes would no longer remain localized d. Henry Clay Frick hired Pinkerton guard to remove the striking workers

d

Which of the following is NOT true about government involvement in business during the Gilded Age? a. Government officials accepted bribes from big business to support legislation which would benefit them b. Government sided with business in labor disputes c. Government gave subsidies and land grants to the railroads d. Government heavily regulated problem industries, even going so far as to take ownership of banks and railroads to ensure fair and ethical practices.

d

Which of the following types of unions only accepted skilled workers within a particular trade? a. Industrial b. Public employee c. Political lobby d. Craft

d

Which of the following unions wanted all workers to unite to overthrow the capitalist class and establish communal ownership of the means of the production? a. American Railway Union b. Knights of Labor c. American Federation of Labor d. Industrial Workers of the World

d

Which characteristic of so-called "new" immigrants led to a nativist response? a. They were unskilled and illiterate b. They came from countries with a history of radicalism c. They were Jewish and Catholic rather than Protestant d. They were viewed as racially inferior e. All of the above

e

George Westinghouse

invented the railroad and the air brake

Stock purchasers are protected from any debt incurred by the company they have stock in through; Limited liability, Unlimited liability, Tax-exempt status, or Middle management ?

limited liability

Craft Union vs. Industrial Union

particular craft (engineer, lawyer), industrial for an industry regardless of skill (railroad industry)

a grant from the federal government allowing an inventor exclusive rights to produce and sell their product for a set period of time

patent

Trust Agreement

the document that conveys property to a trustee to be used for the benefit of a third party beneficiary