TWO: CHEMISTRY
Which of the following is the weakest acid?
6.5
Which of the following is organic?
H2CO3
The complementary strand of DNA to one with nitrogenous base pairs AAGCGT would be:
TTCGCA
Glucose, a monosaccharide, is the basic building block of ____________.
carbohydrates
You want to lose weight, and so are trying to include more fruits and vegetables in your diet, and less white bread and pasta. You were very disappointed to learn that, although a baked potato is a vegetable, it is very starchy, meaning that it is high in __________________.
carbohydrates
The most important aspect of a protein molecule with regards to function is its _________________.
shape
There are three types of carbohydrates. The type that is digestible and plant based is _______________. This food group includes potatoes and corn.
starch
We store carbohydrates in our muscles in the form of ___________________.
glycogen
Helium (He) has an atomic number of 2. It is chemically stable because it
has a full outer electron shell
An organic compound always contains carbon and ______________.
hydrogen
In premature births, one of the dangers that must be overcome is the difficulty in inflating the baby's lungs, because surfactant has not yet reached an adequate level. In order to breathe, the infant must expand its lungs, breaking down the ______________ bonds between fluid molecules that are trying to keep the lungs from expanding.
hydrogen
Surface tension occurs when water molecules form a weak bond with each other, allowing a small bug to walk across the surface of a puddle. These bonds are referred to as __________________bonds.
hydrogen
The bond between an anion and a cation is referred to as a/an ___________________ bond.
ionic
Anything that occupies space and has mass is referred to as ___________
matter
Which atom is the most chemically stable?
neon, with an atomic number of 10
Isotopes of an element differ in the number of
neutrons in the nucleus
The bond formed when two atoms that share at least one electron equally is known as a/an _________________bond.
nonpolar covalent
Radioisotopes have unstable
nuclei
Your genetic information is passed on from parents to offspring through a code found in your DNA, which is the organic compound class of _________________.
nucleic acid
In a water molecule, the oxygen ion is bigger than the hydrogen ions, exerting a greater pull. This bond is a/an ________________ bond.
polar covalent
The functional group "NH2" will identify an organic compound as a ___________________.
protein
Amino acids are the basic building blocks of __________, an organic compound class
proteins
There are crucial catalysts required for normal cellular function in the body. These are usually __________________.
proteins
If you were to be able to change the number of ______________ in an atom of an element, you would change its identity. If you can make gold (Au) from lead (Pb), call me.
protons
The "atomic number" of an atom is determined by the number of ________ it has.
protons
The mass number represents the number of
protons + neutrons
If a sodium ion has a charge of +1 and an atomic number of 11, how many electrons does it have?
10
If an isotope of oxygen has 8 protons, 10 neutrons, and 8 electrons, its mass number is
18
Oxygen (atomic number 8) requires how many additional electrons to fill its outer electron shell?
2
Which element commonly has only a proton as its nucleus?
Hydrogen
Which of the following bases is found only in RNA?
Uracil
Your asthma has been acting up again, so the doctor wants to look at your arterial blood gases. Your CO2 level is a little high and your oxygen saturation is a bit low. Your blood pH is 7.33. This situation is:
acidic
Katherine dissolves table salt into a glass of water, and watches as it disappears. She remembers from the science class that sodium has an atomic number of 11, and chlorine of 7. She knows that in a solution, chloride will be a/an _______________.
anion
The smallest stable units of matter are
atoms
Since food mixed with hydrochloric acid from the stomach would burn the small intestine, the small intestine must secrete bicarbonate to neutralize the acid. This bicarbonate is acting as a/an _________________.
buffer
A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy required to start the reaction, without undergoing any permanent change itself, is called a ________________.
catalyst
An ion that has a positive charge is a/an ___________.
cation
Sodium has an atomic number of 11. It gives away an electron in the valence shell. It is now referred to as a sodium _______________.
cation
In an ionic bond, the electron donor is the ________, whereas the electron acceptor is the ________.
cation, anion
Atoms of at least two different elements joined together are BEST referred to as a/an ___________________.
compound
The _________________ orbit around the nucleus of an atom.
electrons
One of the important roles of proteins in the body is to function as a/an ___________________, when it acts as a catalyst to speed up biochemical reactions.
enzyme
One of the most common forms of lipids in our diet and in the body is ____________________, which provide the body's most efficient form of storing energy.
triglycerides