uint 4

Prokaryotes that are rod-shaped are called bacilli. eukaryotes. spirilla. cocci.

bacili

Cells that have a nucleus are referred to as ________ cells; those that lack a membrane-bound nucleus are called ________ cells.

eukaryotic; prokaryotic

A cell from a wheat plant contains all of the following, EXCEPT a flagellum. cell wall. chloroplast. cytoskeleton. mitochondrion.

flagellum

The ________ ________ is an organelle where some of the proteins synthesized on ribosomes and rough ER are modified and packaged.

golgi apparatus

Which cellular organelle packages enzymes and forms lysosomes? Mitochondrion Rough ER golgi apparatus Smooth ER

golgi apparatus

Flagellated cells can attach to surfaces more effectively because of the flagella. divide more quickly than nonflagellated cells. move internal organelles more efficiently than nonflagellated cells. move the cell through fluid.

move the cell through fluid

RNA carries information for protein synthesis from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm. To get from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, RNA must pass through a ________ ________ in the nuclear membrane.

nuclear pore

A cell with a large number of lysosomes would most likely be very active in cell division. lipid synthesis. phagocytosis. movement.

phagocytosis

The small, circular loops of DNA in prokaryotic cells that are separate from the main chromosome and may carry genes are called cristae. plasmids. ribosomes. plastids. pili.

plasmids

A cell that contains a large number of ribosomes would produce a large number of ________ molecules.

protein

Fibers of the cytoskeleton are composed of primarily proteins. ER. nucleic acids. polysaccharides. lipids.

proteins

Ribosomes are the site of synthesis of proteins. DNA. glucose. nucleoli. RNA.

proteins

Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells possess ribosomes. chloroplasts. mitochondria. a nucleus.

ribosomes

The ________ in prokaryotic cells may help some pathogenic bacteria evade their host's immune system and attach to host cells.

slime layer

If all of the lysosomes within a cell suddenly ruptured, what could occur? The biological molecules in the cell would begin to degrade. There would be no change in the normal function of the cell. The DNA within the mitochondria would begin to degrade. The mitochondria and chloroplasts would begin to divide. The number of proteins in the cell would begin to increase.

the biological molecules would begin to degrade

Compare and contrast plant and animal cell structure. Include at least two similarities and two differences.

two similarities; they both have membrane bound organelles, both are eukaryotic. differences: plant cells produce their own energy; plant cells have a cell wall.

Which of the following is the smallest? Mitochondrion Eukaryotic cell Prokaryotic cell Virus

virus

Of the following cell components, which is composed of protein fibers that provide shape and organization to eukaryotic cells? Cytoskeleton Chromatin Golgi complex Mitochondria DNA

cytoskeleton

Prokaryotic cells do NOT have cytoplasm. cilia. genes. ribosomes. flagella.

cilia

Treponema pallidum is the organism that causes syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease. This organism moves around freely, making it well adapted to traveling within bodily fluids and being spread from host to host during intimate contact. It possesses a single chromosome and has relatively few genes. The overall shape of this single-celled organism is similar to a corkscrew, with many twists and turns along its length. Based on this information, Treponema is most likely what type of cell? A prokaryotic bacillus A flagellated eukaryote A prokaryotic spirillum A ciliated eukaryote A prokaryotic coccus

A prokaryotic spirillum

How does a cell rid itself of defective or malfunctioning organelles? Lysosomes assist in the removal of defective organelles by digesting them. The organelles are engulfed by plastids and stored. The organelles are exported by phagocytosis. Defective organelles accumulate until the cell itself dies. Ribosomes remove malfunctioning organelles by degrading the parts.

Lysosomes assist in the removal of defective organelles by digesting them.

Which is a difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? Prokaryotes have a nucleus, whereas eukaryotes have a nucleoid. Prokaryotes have a cell wall, but eukaryotes do not. Prokaryotes have DNA, whereas eukaryotes have RNA. Prokaryotes have a nucleoid, whereas eukaryotes have a nucleus. Prokaryotes have RNA, whereas eukaryotes have DNA.

Prokaryotes have a nucleoid, whereas eukaryotes have a nucleus.

How is the vacuole involved in the support of the nonwoody parts of the plant?

The vacuole allows for the buildup of turgor pressure in plant cells, which prevents wilting.

If you removed the sex pili from a bacterial cell, then the bacterium would dry out. bacterium could no longer regulate the movement of molecules into and out of the cell. bacterium could no longer swim. shape of the bacterium would change. bacterium could no longer exchange DNA with other cells.

bacterium could no longer exchange DNA with other cells.

Imagine that a protein molecule is to be exported from a cell. Describe the pathway that the protein takes from the point of synthesis to export.

DNA takes the code to the ribosome, who makes it into a protein, it is then transported to the golgi body, who processes that protein which is then taken out of the cell.