Unit 18 Phys, Immune System Cells
Dendritic cells
Actively phagocytic cells are the neutrophils, macrophages, and ___________________
Monocytes
Agranulocytes contain small granules that are not easily seen and include the following lymphocytes and _______________
Dendritic cells
Are specialized antigen presenting cells (APCs) that when activated present the antigens to lymphocytes to activate them. Other APCs include macrophages and B cells.
Differential white blood cell count
Blood test to determine the proportion of each type of leukocyte in a blood sample. -Because each type of white blood cell plays a different role, determining the percentage of each type in the blood assists in diagnosing the condition. Also called a Diff.
Histamine
Both basophils and mast cells bind to IgE antibodies which when activated cause these cells to release _____________________________ and heparin.
Monocytes
Fixed (tissue) macrophages are derived from _________________ and remain is a particular tissue; Example: alveolar macrophages, kupffer cells in liver, microglia
Leukocytes
General term for the type of cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders.
T lymphocytes
General term for the type of leukocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity.
T lymphocytes
General term for the type of leukocytes that function to kill virus-infected and cancerous cells.
Antigen presenting cells (APCs)
Give the general term and abbreviation in parentheses for cells that process and present antigens to lymphocytes. Include macrophages, mast cells, and B cells.
Eosinophils
Granular leukocytes consist of neutrophils, basophils, and __________
Basophils
Granular leukocytes consist of neutrophils, eosinophils, and __________
Bands
Immature neutrophils are sometimes called _____________________
Pus
In infected tissue name of the thick whitish, yellowish, or greenish fluid that consists of dead neutrophils, macrophages, cell debris, and fluid
Granules
Leukocytes are divided into two categories based on their appearance of _____________ within their cytoplasm
Leukopoiesis
Leukocytes are formed in the red bone marrow by a process of ___________________
Agranulocytes
Name of the category of leukocytes that contain small granules that are not easily seen and include lymphocytes and monocytes
Granular leukocytes
Name the category of leukocytes based on their presence of granules that consist of neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
Monocytes
Name the type of leukocytes that travel through the blood stream and when they move into tissue will enlarge and become macrophages.
PMNs
Neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils are all considered to be _______________ (give the abbreviation) that can be found circulating in the bloodstream. Note that sometimes neutrophils are also referred to this as an alternate name.
Basophils
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes, or PMNs, are a special family of white blood cells. The family includes immune cells known as neutrophils, eosinophils, and _____________________.
Erythrocyte
Scientific name for a RBC
Leukocyte
Scientific name for a WBC
Erythrocyte
Scientific name for the type of blood cells that contain hemoglobin.
Leukocyte
Scientific term for a white blood cell.
Leukopenia
Term for a low leukocyte count
Leukocytosis
Term for an elevated leukocyte count
Eosinophils
The fourth most common type of leukocyte in a normal blood sample.
Basophil
The least numerous type of leukocyte in a normal blood sample.
Neutrophil
The most numerous type of leukocyte
Diapedesis
The process of WBCs migrating across the endothelial lining of a capillary squeezing between adjacent endothelial cells
Lymphocytes
The second most common type of leukocyte in a normal blood sample.
Monocytes
The third most common type of leukocyte in a normal blood sample.
Megakaryocyte
The type of large bone marrow cell that forms platelets
Eosinophils
Type leukocyte that increase in number during an allergy attack
Monocyte
Type of agranular leukocyte with dark U or kidney-shaped nucleus.
Mast cells
Type of cells that are found in the connective tissue of skin, lungs, and the gastrointestinal tract have a similar function as basophils in that they can release histamine and heparin.
B lymphocyte
Type of leukocyte responsible for antibody-mediated or humoral immunity
Basophil
Type of leukocyte that circulate in the blood and have granules that contain histamine - a vasodilator and heparin - an anticoagulant
B lymphocyte
Type of leukocyte that differentiates into plasma cells and secrete antibodies (immunoglobulins)
Eosinophils
Type of leukocyte that help reduce the severity of allergy attacks by phagocytosing the immune complexes; kill parasites such as flatworms (tapeworms and flukes) and roundworms (pinworms and hookworms).
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
Type of leukocyte that kill virus-infected and cancerous cells.
Eosinophils
Type of leukocyte that release cytotoxic enzymes during allergic reactions that contributes to inflammation but also reduce severity of allergy attacks by phagocytosing the immune complexes
Neutrophils
Type of leukocytes that can increase in number during an acute bacterial infection. These dead cells along with cell debris, and fluid can accumulate as pus at sites of infections
Monocytes
Type of leukocytes that migrate from blood into tissues where they enlarge and become macrophages that are active phagocytes.
Neutrophils
Type of leukocytes that phagocytose pathogens/cellular debris and secrete the protein lactoferrin, which binds with iron, making it unavailable for use by invading bacteria.
Monocytes
Wondering macrophages are derived from __________________ and roam tissues and gather at sites of infection and inflammation.
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes
___________________________________, or PMNs, are a special family of white blood cells that includes immune cells known as neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. Note that sometimes neutrophils are also referred to this as an alternate name.