unit 2 public speaking quiz
topical order
arranged using some logical relationship (general to specific, least important to most important, etc.)
encyclopedia
can serve as good starting point by providing overview of topic, no way to prove credibility of people making entries without reference lists
primary research
empirical research studies conducted in real world such as surveys/experiment, can be conducted or found in academic journals/government documents and conducted by others
credentials
evidence can come from personal knowledge/experiences if you have these
authority
expertise of author/reputation of publishing organization
preparation outline
first version of wording main points that provides draft of main points but doesn't specify clearly how each main point
secondary questions
follow up questions designed to probe answers given to primary questions
interview
highly structured conversation where one person asks questions and another answers them, you will want to select best person to interview, prepare solid interview protocol (list of questions you plan to ask), and adhere to several ethical guidelines
evidence
info that clarifies, explains, or otherwise adds depth/breadth to a topic
focus group
interview conducted with a small group of people at the same time, can solicit input from several perspectives in a shorter amount of time
primary questions
introductory questions about each major interview topic
hits
links to all sorts of web pages, images, videos, etc. that include material about the keywords
periodicals
magazines and journals published at regular intervals that contain articles with more current/highly specialized info on topic
fieldwork observations
method also known as ethnography, carefully observing people or groups of people while immersed in their community, can be conducted as participant observer or as non participant observer
skimming
method of rapidly going through work to determine what is covered and how, does source really present info on area of topic being explored
currency
more recent info is preferred unless you are documenting a historical event
objectivity
most authors have a stance but beware of info that is excessively slanted
rapport building questions
non threatening and design to put interviewee at ease/demonstrate respect
statistics
numerical facts that can be boring/deceiving when used poorly, use only stats that are verified to be reliable and valid, use most recent stats so audience is not misled, use stats comparatively and sparingly, display stats visually, stats can be biased
logical reasons order
organizes main points according to reasons for accepting thesis as desirable/true
annotated bib
preliminary record of relevant sources found pertaining to topic and includes short summary of information in that source/how it might be used to support speech, can be used to create research cards and speech reference list
group think
seeking agreement with also considering alternative perspectives/suppressing views
abstract
short paragraph summarizing research findings in academic research articles
clincher
short statement that provides closure by driving home importance of speech in a memorable way
hypothetical examples
specific illustrations based on reflections about future events (develops what if) and should be guided by examples supporting generalization and be representative
definition
statement clarifies meaning of word./phrase, clarifies meaning of terminology that is specialized, technical, or otherwise likely to be unfamiliar to audience, clarifies words/terms with more than one meaning, clarifies stance on controversial subjects
listener relevance link
statement of how/why speech relates to/might affect them
subpoints
statements that elaborate on main point, developed further with supporting material
secondary research
summary/synthesis of existing research
social desirability bias
tendency to answer questions in way to be favorable by others even if answer is not entirely accurate
non profit organizations
websites that are dedicated to certain issues/can provide examples of emotional appeal
blogs
websites that provide personal viewpoints of their author, can be created and maintained by individual/organization
signposts
words/phrases that connect pieces of supporting material to the main point/sub point they address, usually one word references (ex. foremost, first)