Unit 3 Exam Study Guide

Which of the following most accurately identifies an instance when free speech in school would be restricted as implied by the majority decision in the Tinker case?

When a student speech is a disruption to the educational environment.

Based on the excerpt from Trop v. Dulles above, with which of the following statements would the author of the opinion be most likely to agree?

A punishment found to be constitutionally permissible under the Eighth Amendment today may be found unconstitutional in a later case as a result of changed public opinion.

Which of the following is most consistent with the Supreme Court's reasoning in the above excerpt?

A right that is worthy of protection from the national government is entitled to protection from state governments as well.

>Which of the following best describes the students to whom the decision in Brown is applicable?

All students in public grade and high schools in the United States.

Which of the following inspired Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s writing of the Letter from Birmingham Jail?

An open newspaper letter submitted by a group of white, Alabama clergymen which criticized his leadership of the Civil Rights Movement.

Which of the following Supreme Court decisions necessitated situations such as that captured above in Norman Rockwell's The Problem We All Live With?

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

Which of the following best summarizes the debate reflected in Engel v. Vitale?

Can public schools develop an official prayer and encourage its recitation in school?

The dissenting opinion of Roe v. Wade (1973) is most closely associated with which judicial interpretation?</div>

Constitutional Originalism.

Based on previous court rulings, which of the following scenarios would most likely violate the purpose of the excerpt above?

Continuing to question a witness after they have clearly told the arresting officers they wish to invoke their right not to speak to them unless there is an attorney present.

Which of the following best describes Dr. Martin Luther King's point of view when writing the Letter from Birmingham Jail?

Dr. King defends the motivations, tactics, and goals of the Birmingham campaign specifically and the Civil Rights Movement in general.

Due to its focus on equal rights, opponents of the Roe v. Wade(1973) decision have likened it to which other Supreme Court decision?

Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857).

Which of the following makes protection of the right to bear arms applicable to the states?

Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

The Supreme Court's statement that students "are possessed of fundamental rights which the State must respect" is most consistent with its decision in which of the following cases?

Engel v. Vitale

Which of the following issues appears to be the object of concern in the graphic above?

Gerrymandering Schemes

Which of the following landmark Supreme Court cases was most directly linked to the excerpt above?

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

Which of the following advocacy groups would most likely advocate for the dissenting opinion in Tinker v. Des Moines?

National Association of Secondary School Principals.

Based on his opinion above, with which of the following statements would Justice Black be most likely to agree?

Newspapers serve an essential role in protecting democracy when they report information that exposes corruption of public officials.

Which of the following best describes the argument to which the Supreme Court is responding in the excerpt above?

Preventing sanction of official government prayers shows hostility to religion.

Which of the following best describes the reasoning used to support the Supreme Court's determination that racially segregated education is "inherently unequal"?

Racial segregation creates psychological harm.

With which of the following statements would the author of the excerpt be most likely to agree?

Religion and history are inextricably intertwined.

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) is a landmark Supreme Court case concerning access to contraception. The case revolved around a Connecticut state law which prohibited any person from using "any drug, medicinal article or instrument for the purpose of preventing conception." The Court ruled that this statute was unconstitutional and a violation of the right to privacy which protects citizens from unwarranted government intrusion. While not specifically mentioned in the Bill of Rights, numerous members of the Court's majority argued that the right of privacy could be inferred to exist by the Fifth, Ninth, and Fourteenth Amendments. Which of the following Supreme Court decisions also involves an invocation to protect the right of privacy?

Roe v. Wade (1973)

Which of the following statements about student speech rights in school is most consistent with the excerpt?

School administrators can limit the speech rights of students if they can show that it would substantially interfere with the ability to maintain order.

A political scientist would most likely use the case of Engel v. Vitale to illustrate which of the following?

School-developed prayer in public school is often held as a violation of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment.

Which of the following government principles was at the center of the court's reasoning in Engel v. Vitale?

Separation of Church and State.

Which of the following describes a situation where a school would be most justified in limiting the speech rights of students?

Students are engaged in political debate while they are supposed to be participating in a science lab.

Which of the following statements characterizes how the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment was applied by the Supreme Court in the Bakke decision?

The Court decided that the Equal Protections Clause prohibits a university from using race as the most important determining factor in its admission policy.

Which of the following statements best summarizes how Baker v. Carr (1962) impacted the movement towards redistricting reform?

The Court empowered the federal government to intervene in redistricting questions within a state.

Which of the following organizations would most likely advocate for the dissenting opinion of Roe v. Wade (1973)?

The Eagle Forum.

Which of the following most clearly states the outcome of Tinker v. Des Moines?

The First Amendment's freedom of speech protection applies to public schools and that students do not lose their First Amendment rights when they enter school grounds.

Which of the following statements best summarizes the opinion expressed by this cartoon concerning Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)?

The Supreme Court is willing to give only lukewarm support to a university's efforts to promote affirmative action.

Which of the following most accurately describes civil liberties?

The basic freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution, either explicitly or through interpretation.

Which of the following best describes the Supreme Court's rationale for striking down the school-sponsored prayer at issue in Engel?

The choice of prayer should be left to individuals and their religious advisors.

Which of the following best describes what the Court says about the Eighth Amendment in the excerpt from Trop v. Dulles?

The definition of "cruel and unusual punishments" referred to in the Eighth Amendment is dependent on societal norms.

With which of the following statements would the author of the excerpt be most likely to agree? Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

The harm caused by racially segregated schools goes beyond differences in the quality of education.

Which of the following best describes the basis for the Supreme Court's finding that the Second Amendment confers an individual right to bear arms?

The history and specific wording of the Second Amendment clarify the meaning of the amendment.

The Supreme Court declared unconstitutional a portion of the Firearms Control Regulations Act of 1975, leading some to argue that the Court's decision was an example of judicial activism. Which of the following best supports that argument?

The justices were applying their own opinions to the case rather than strictly adhering to the law.

According to Norman Rockwell's The Problem We All Live With pictured above, which of the following 1960s social movements was energized by the enforcement of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment?

The movement demanding desegregated public schools.

Which of the following best describes why the Supreme Court is so frequently asked to decide cases that involve civil liberties?

The need of the government to protect society is often in conflict with the rights of individuals.

Justice Black's statement that the press can "bare the secrets of government and inform the people" is most consistent with which of the following?

The press serves as a linkage institution between the government and the people.

Which of the following is most consistent with the Supreme Court's opinion in District of Columbia v. Heller?

The right to bear arms can be restricted in certain situations.

Which of the following most clearly states the outcome of Engel v. Vitale?

The school's official prayer was ruled unconstitutional.

Which of the following best explains why the Court mentions "the crime of falsifying public records" in the excerpt above?

The type of crime committed is relevant when determining the constitutionality of a punishment.

Based on the excerpt, which of the following best describes how Justice Black sees the role of the press?

To restrain the government by informing the public about its activities.

Which of the following best describes the major assumption of Dr. Martin Luther King's Letter from Birmingham Jail?

Whites would finally recognize that blacks have a moral responsibility to break unjust laws and to take direct action to achieve social justice.

Which part of the warning read to criminals suspects is based on the Fifth Amendment excerpt above?

You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say and do can and will be used against you in a court of law.