Unit 5 Study Guide - AP Psych

cocaine

A brief 15- to 30-minute rush of euphoria followed by a crash of agitated depression is most closely associated with the use of

its underlying but censored meaning

According to Freud, the latent content of a dream refers to

latent content

According to Freud, the personally threatening and censored meaning of a dream is its

reduced his self-awareness

After drinking three cans of beer, Akiva felt less guilty about the way he mistreated his wife and children. Akiva's reduced guilt most likely resulted from the fact that his alcohol consumption has

LSD

After ingesting a small dose of a psychoactive drug, Laqueta experienced vivid visual hallucinations and felt as if she were separated from her own body. Laqueta most likely experienced the effects of

decreasing REM sleep

Alcohol consumption disrupts the processing of recent experiences into long-term memory by

relaxed but awake state

Alpha waves are associated with

psychological dependence

Although Max never experiences caffeine withdrawal symptoms, he feels that he needs coffee every morning as part of his daily routine. Max best illustrates

addiction

Although repeated use of amphetamines has caused Aaron legal problems, which threaten his job, he continues to use the drugs. Aaron most clearly shows signs of

LSD

An altered state of consciousness in which people experience fantastic images and often feel separated from their bodies is most closely associated with the use of

manifest

As Inge recalled her dream, she was dancing with a tall, dark gentleman when suddenly the music shifted to loud rock and the man disappeared. According to Freud, Inge's account represents the ________ content of her dream.

an increase in REM sleep

As a participant in a sleep-research study for the past three nights, Tim has been repeatedly disturbed during REM sleep. Tonight, when allowed to sleep undisturbed, Tim will likely experience

free radicals

Bats need a lot of sleep because their high waking metabolism produces ________ that are toxic to neurons

mental processes

By 1960, the study of consciousness had been revived by psychologists' renewed interest in

Nicotine

By triggering the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine, ________ boosts alertness and diminishes appetite.

obesity

Chronic sleep debt is most likely to promote

a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle

Circadian rhythm refers to

manifest

Freud called the remembered story line of a dream its ________ content.

act as they believe children would, but outperform real children

Hypnotically age-regressed people

social influence theory

Hypnotized people are no more likely to perform dangerous acts than those who are asked to simulate hypnosis. This fact is most consistent with

behaved in the same fashion as unhypnotized individuals.

In one study, both hypnotized and unhypnotized subjects were told to throw acid in a researcher's face. In this experiment, hypnotized people

Jason will become relaxed and experience mild hallucinations, followed by memory loss.

Jason has been smoking marijuana. Which of the following best describes the effects of this psychoactive drug on Jason's behavior?

user expectations

Participants in a sexual stimulation study who mistakenly thought they had consumed alcohol were more likely to report having strong sexual fantasies and feeling guilt-free than those who thought they had not consumed alcohol. This study best illustrated the impact of

conscious role-playing

People become unresponsive to hypnosis if told that those who are highly gullible are easily hypnotized. This fact is most consistent with the theory that hypnosis involves

physical dependence

Physical pain and intense cravings indicate

our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move

REM sleep is called paradoxical sleep because

marijuana

Regular users of ________ may achieve a high with smaller amounts of the drug than occasional users.

individuals who are given morphine for pain relief seldom develop the irresistible cravings of an addict.

Research on the use of addictive drugs indicates that

people are more likely to dream of failure than of success

Research studies of the content of dreams indicate

is involved in the memory process

Researchers have demonstrated that people trained to perform tasks recall them better after a night's sleep than after several hours awake. This finding suggests that sleep

hallucinations

Sensory experiences that occur without a sensory stimulus are called

manifest

Shane, a straight-A student, remembers dreaming that he failed an important chemistry test. According to Freud, Shane's account represents the ________ content of his dream.

the cessation of breathing during sleep

Sleep apnea is a disorder involving

diminish immunity to disease

Sleep deprivation has been shown to

any stage of sleep

Sleep talking may occur during

cocaine

Soon after taking a psychoactive drug, Zachary experienced a diminished appetite, an increased pulse rate, dilated pupils, and feelings of self-confidence and euphoria. Zachary most likely experienced the effects of

marijuana; hallucinogen

THC, the active ingredient in ________, is classified as a ________.

Methamphetamine

The British government classifies the highly addictive crystallized form of ________ as one of the most dangerous of drugs.

people often experience sudden visual images during REM sleep.

The activation-synthesis theory best helps to explain why

neuroadaptation

The change in brain chemistry that offsets the effects of a psychoactive drug is called

suprachiasmatic nucleus

The circadian rhythm is influenced by light-sensitive retinal proteins that trigger signals to the

90 minutes

The human sleep cycle repeats itself about every

NREM-1 sleep

The hypnagogic sensations of falling or floating are most likely to occur during which sleep stage?

delta waves

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep are called

ecstasy

The release of stored serotonin and the eventual damage of serotonin-producing neurons is most closely associated with the long-term use of

behaviorism

The school of thought in psychology that systematically avoided the study of consciousness during the first half of the last century was

biological rhythms

Those who emphasize that mood fluctuations may be indicative of seasonal affective disorder are highlighting the importance of

biopsychosocial

To move beyond the "hypnosis is social influence" versus "hypnosis is divided consciousness" debate, today's hypnosis researchers are using a unified ________ approach.

age regression

Twenty-eight-year-old Theodore has an irrational fear of dogs. His therapist hypnotizes him and asks him to mentally relive his earliest childhood experience with a dog. The therapist is making use of

a rich fantasy life

Twenty-two-year-old Felicia scores high in hypnotic responsiveness as measured by the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale. Research suggests that Felicia may also have

age regression

Under hypnosis, Mrs. Mohammed is encouraged by her therapist to vividly experience and describe the details of an argument she had with her father when she was a child. The therapist is employing a technique called

biopsychosocial

Understanding hypnosis in terms of focused attention, distinctive brain activity, and the presence of an authoritative presence in a legitimate context, requires an integrated ________ approach.

The brain stops producing endorphins

What is most likely to occur when the brain is repeatedly flooded with artificial opiates?

It can be used as an "all-purpose" excuse to explain away the behaviors.

What is the danger of labeling behaviors such as too much eating, shopping, exercise, sex, or gambling as addictions?

show physiological activation of the sensory cortex

When subjected to a painful medical procedure without the benefit of an anesthetic, a hypnotized person is most likely to

nicotine

Which of the following drugs is classified as a stimulant

anxiety

Which of the following is a common symptom of nicotine withdrawal?

ecstasy

Which of the following is an amphetamine derivative that acts as a mild hallucinogen?

Drink a glass of wine 15 minutes before bedtime

Which of the following is bad advice for a person trying to overcome insomnia?

The combine fact and fiction

Which of the following is true of "hypnotically refreshed" memories?

physical dependence

Which of the following provides the clearest indication of a drug addiction?

activation-synthesis theory

Which theory suggests that dreams are mental responses to random bursts of neural stimulation?

posthypnotic suggestion

While Bev was hypnotized, her therapist suggested that during the next several days she would have a strong desire to eat well-balanced meals. The therapist was apparently making use of

circadian rhythm

With the approach of night, our body temperatures begin to drop. This best illustrates the dynamics of the

withdrawal

the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug

Relax and drink a glass of milk before bed

which is the best advice for someone concerned about occasional insomnia?

depressants

Drugs such as alcohol and opiates that calm neural activity and slow body functions are called

hypnosis dissociates the pain sensation from the emotional suffering that people expect from pain

Ernest Hilgard suggested that participants felt little pain when their arms were lowered into ice baths because

would report a vivid dream if he were awakened during REM sleep

Forty-year-old Lance insists that he never dreams. Research suggests that he probably

wake Margie after 5 minutes of REM sleep and ask her what she's dreaming

Margie insists that she never dreams, but her sister feels she can prove otherwise. To prove that Margie does dream, the sister should

opiates

Morphine and heroin are

a state of divided consciousness

Dissociation refers to

are triggered by random bursts of neural activity.

Dreams often involve sudden emotional reactions and surprising changes in scene. This best serves to support the theory that dreams

latent

Josef, a high school student, tells his therapist that he has had a recurring dream in which he hunts and kills a ferocious tiger. The therapist explains that the dream reflects Josef's unresolved feelings of hostility toward his father. According to Freud, the therapist is revealing the possible ________content of Josef's dream.

Hallucinations

LSD is most like to produce