Unit 5 Study Guide - AP Psych
cocaine
A brief 15- to 30-minute rush of euphoria followed by a crash of agitated depression is most closely associated with the use of
its underlying but censored meaning
According to Freud, the latent content of a dream refers to
latent content
According to Freud, the personally threatening and censored meaning of a dream is its
reduced his self-awareness
After drinking three cans of beer, Akiva felt less guilty about the way he mistreated his wife and children. Akiva's reduced guilt most likely resulted from the fact that his alcohol consumption has
LSD
After ingesting a small dose of a psychoactive drug, Laqueta experienced vivid visual hallucinations and felt as if she were separated from her own body. Laqueta most likely experienced the effects of
decreasing REM sleep
Alcohol consumption disrupts the processing of recent experiences into long-term memory by
relaxed but awake state
Alpha waves are associated with
psychological dependence
Although Max never experiences caffeine withdrawal symptoms, he feels that he needs coffee every morning as part of his daily routine. Max best illustrates
addiction
Although repeated use of amphetamines has caused Aaron legal problems, which threaten his job, he continues to use the drugs. Aaron most clearly shows signs of
LSD
An altered state of consciousness in which people experience fantastic images and often feel separated from their bodies is most closely associated with the use of
manifest
As Inge recalled her dream, she was dancing with a tall, dark gentleman when suddenly the music shifted to loud rock and the man disappeared. According to Freud, Inge's account represents the ________ content of her dream.
an increase in REM sleep
As a participant in a sleep-research study for the past three nights, Tim has been repeatedly disturbed during REM sleep. Tonight, when allowed to sleep undisturbed, Tim will likely experience
free radicals
Bats need a lot of sleep because their high waking metabolism produces ________ that are toxic to neurons
mental processes
By 1960, the study of consciousness had been revived by psychologists' renewed interest in
Nicotine
By triggering the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine, ________ boosts alertness and diminishes appetite.
obesity
Chronic sleep debt is most likely to promote
a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle
Circadian rhythm refers to
manifest
Freud called the remembered story line of a dream its ________ content.
act as they believe children would, but outperform real children
Hypnotically age-regressed people
social influence theory
Hypnotized people are no more likely to perform dangerous acts than those who are asked to simulate hypnosis. This fact is most consistent with
behaved in the same fashion as unhypnotized individuals.
In one study, both hypnotized and unhypnotized subjects were told to throw acid in a researcher's face. In this experiment, hypnotized people
Jason will become relaxed and experience mild hallucinations, followed by memory loss.
Jason has been smoking marijuana. Which of the following best describes the effects of this psychoactive drug on Jason's behavior?
user expectations
Participants in a sexual stimulation study who mistakenly thought they had consumed alcohol were more likely to report having strong sexual fantasies and feeling guilt-free than those who thought they had not consumed alcohol. This study best illustrated the impact of
conscious role-playing
People become unresponsive to hypnosis if told that those who are highly gullible are easily hypnotized. This fact is most consistent with the theory that hypnosis involves
physical dependence
Physical pain and intense cravings indicate
our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move
REM sleep is called paradoxical sleep because
marijuana
Regular users of ________ may achieve a high with smaller amounts of the drug than occasional users.
individuals who are given morphine for pain relief seldom develop the irresistible cravings of an addict.
Research on the use of addictive drugs indicates that
people are more likely to dream of failure than of success
Research studies of the content of dreams indicate
is involved in the memory process
Researchers have demonstrated that people trained to perform tasks recall them better after a night's sleep than after several hours awake. This finding suggests that sleep
hallucinations
Sensory experiences that occur without a sensory stimulus are called
manifest
Shane, a straight-A student, remembers dreaming that he failed an important chemistry test. According to Freud, Shane's account represents the ________ content of his dream.
the cessation of breathing during sleep
Sleep apnea is a disorder involving
diminish immunity to disease
Sleep deprivation has been shown to
any stage of sleep
Sleep talking may occur during
cocaine
Soon after taking a psychoactive drug, Zachary experienced a diminished appetite, an increased pulse rate, dilated pupils, and feelings of self-confidence and euphoria. Zachary most likely experienced the effects of
marijuana; hallucinogen
THC, the active ingredient in ________, is classified as a ________.
Methamphetamine
The British government classifies the highly addictive crystallized form of ________ as one of the most dangerous of drugs.
people often experience sudden visual images during REM sleep.
The activation-synthesis theory best helps to explain why
neuroadaptation
The change in brain chemistry that offsets the effects of a psychoactive drug is called
suprachiasmatic nucleus
The circadian rhythm is influenced by light-sensitive retinal proteins that trigger signals to the
90 minutes
The human sleep cycle repeats itself about every
NREM-1 sleep
The hypnagogic sensations of falling or floating are most likely to occur during which sleep stage?
delta waves
The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep are called
ecstasy
The release of stored serotonin and the eventual damage of serotonin-producing neurons is most closely associated with the long-term use of
behaviorism
The school of thought in psychology that systematically avoided the study of consciousness during the first half of the last century was
biological rhythms
Those who emphasize that mood fluctuations may be indicative of seasonal affective disorder are highlighting the importance of
biopsychosocial
To move beyond the "hypnosis is social influence" versus "hypnosis is divided consciousness" debate, today's hypnosis researchers are using a unified ________ approach.
age regression
Twenty-eight-year-old Theodore has an irrational fear of dogs. His therapist hypnotizes him and asks him to mentally relive his earliest childhood experience with a dog. The therapist is making use of
a rich fantasy life
Twenty-two-year-old Felicia scores high in hypnotic responsiveness as measured by the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale. Research suggests that Felicia may also have
age regression
Under hypnosis, Mrs. Mohammed is encouraged by her therapist to vividly experience and describe the details of an argument she had with her father when she was a child. The therapist is employing a technique called
biopsychosocial
Understanding hypnosis in terms of focused attention, distinctive brain activity, and the presence of an authoritative presence in a legitimate context, requires an integrated ________ approach.
The brain stops producing endorphins
What is most likely to occur when the brain is repeatedly flooded with artificial opiates?
It can be used as an "all-purpose" excuse to explain away the behaviors.
What is the danger of labeling behaviors such as too much eating, shopping, exercise, sex, or gambling as addictions?
show physiological activation of the sensory cortex
When subjected to a painful medical procedure without the benefit of an anesthetic, a hypnotized person is most likely to
nicotine
Which of the following drugs is classified as a stimulant
anxiety
Which of the following is a common symptom of nicotine withdrawal?
ecstasy
Which of the following is an amphetamine derivative that acts as a mild hallucinogen?
Drink a glass of wine 15 minutes before bedtime
Which of the following is bad advice for a person trying to overcome insomnia?
The combine fact and fiction
Which of the following is true of "hypnotically refreshed" memories?
physical dependence
Which of the following provides the clearest indication of a drug addiction?
activation-synthesis theory
Which theory suggests that dreams are mental responses to random bursts of neural stimulation?
posthypnotic suggestion
While Bev was hypnotized, her therapist suggested that during the next several days she would have a strong desire to eat well-balanced meals. The therapist was apparently making use of
circadian rhythm
With the approach of night, our body temperatures begin to drop. This best illustrates the dynamics of the
withdrawal
the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug
Relax and drink a glass of milk before bed
which is the best advice for someone concerned about occasional insomnia?
depressants
Drugs such as alcohol and opiates that calm neural activity and slow body functions are called
hypnosis dissociates the pain sensation from the emotional suffering that people expect from pain
Ernest Hilgard suggested that participants felt little pain when their arms were lowered into ice baths because
would report a vivid dream if he were awakened during REM sleep
Forty-year-old Lance insists that he never dreams. Research suggests that he probably
wake Margie after 5 minutes of REM sleep and ask her what she's dreaming
Margie insists that she never dreams, but her sister feels she can prove otherwise. To prove that Margie does dream, the sister should
opiates
Morphine and heroin are
a state of divided consciousness
Dissociation refers to
are triggered by random bursts of neural activity.
Dreams often involve sudden emotional reactions and surprising changes in scene. This best serves to support the theory that dreams
latent
Josef, a high school student, tells his therapist that he has had a recurring dream in which he hunts and kills a ferocious tiger. The therapist explains that the dream reflects Josef's unresolved feelings of hostility toward his father. According to Freud, the therapist is revealing the possible ________content of Josef's dream.
Hallucinations
LSD is most like to produce