unit 7 progress check mcq study guide: personality, emotions and stress, motivation

dr. brenner works with people to help them decide what jobs would be most suitable for them. she wants her clients to take a personality inventory and believes that the five-factor model of personality is the best model to use to determine job fit. the test that will give her reliable results and best fit her view of personality is the:

NEO Personality Inventory 3min

diane is very disciplined and usually completes the goals she sets for herself. how would a trait theory of personality and a social cognitive theory of personality differ in their explanations of diane's behavior?

a trait theory might say that diane is highly conscientious, whereas a social cognitive theory might say that diane's belief about her own self-efficacy drives her behavior

arun's coworkers regularly describe him as being very agreeable. according to the behavioral perspective of personality, arun's agreeableness most likely comes from:

being rewarded for exhbiting agreeable behavior as a child

according to kurt lewin's motivational conflict theory, approach-avoidance conflict occurs when a situation has:

both positive and negative aspects

the best method to understand the casual effect of a reward on an intrinsically motivated behavior is to:

conduct an experiment in which instrinsic motivation for a behavior is tested prior to administering a reward for that same behavior in a random sample of the participants and then measure the motivation after the reward is taken away

stress can most likely contribute to heart disease because:

cortisol released during stress reduces the flexibility of blood vessels, so the heart has to work harder

chronic stress is most likely to lead to:

decreased functioning of the immune system

when jordan was one year old, he and his father were in a car accident. neither he nor anyone else in the car was seriously injured, and as an adult he has no memory of the event, though his father developed anxiety around cars as a result. jordan is now 26 years old. despite not having been in any car accidents since he was one year old, jordan has recently begun experiencing anxiety every time he gets in a car. according to psychoanalytic theories of personality, why is jordan experiencing anxiety?

despite not having any conscious memory of the accident, he remembers it in his subconscious, and that has begun to cause his anxiety

jenny and anne are identical twins but were separated at birth and adopted by different families. when they meet each other as adults, they are interested to learn that they share some aspects of personality but differ in other aspects. albert bandura, known for the social learning theory of personality, would most likely attribute the differences in the twins' personalities to:

differences in the environmental stimuli they experienced and elicited from others during development

giraldo is unhappy at work. one explanation that is consistent with psychoanalytic theories of personality is that:

giraldo feels critical of his choice not to go to college, and his defensive mechanism is to blame his job for his unhappiness

dr. dameron wants to test whether the yerkes-dodson law holds true for the players on a college basketball team. dr. dameron will manipulate arousal in the players by giving them different doses of caffeine. which method would best allow dr. dameron to test the casual effects of arousal on performance in the players, and what results should he expect to find?

give three different groups of players low, medium, and high doses of caffeine during a practice game. the performance of the medium-dose group is predicted to be best

which correctly explains the evidence (as well as the person responsible for the discovery) that stress leads to three distinct stages of physiological change: alarm reaction, resistance, and exhaustion?

hans selye conducted a study measuring cortisol and blood sugar levels in rats during different amounts fo time living under stressful conditions

chidi is very selfless, cooperative, and trusting of other people. according to the big five model of personality, these characteristics make him:

high in agreeableness

michael is a kindergartner who is habitually very kind to his classmates and always wants to play with others, even if it means sharing his toys. however, every morning when his mother leaves him at school, he becomes very upset and cries for a half hour. how would a trait theorist most likely characterize his relative levels of extraversion, neuroticism, and agreeableness?

high on extraversion; high on neuroticism; high on agreeableness

according to the drive-reduction theory of motivation, drives arise because of physiological imbalances in:

homeostasis

dr. anderson is a psychologist who currently has a patient who is having difficulty forming relationships with others. to help her patient work through his issues, dr. anderson focuses on developing with him a strong relationship that is characterized by unconditional postiive regard. dr. anderson's approach is most consistent with which type of theory of personality?

humanist

emotions are controlled primarily by the:

limbic system

personality tests that use forced-choice questions are beneficial in identifying personal traits because they:

minimize desirability bias because test takers are choosing between two unrelated statements

allison is completing a practicum in a psychiatric clinic, and her supervisor has asked her to select an appropriate test for a patient she suspects has a personality disorder but who is otherwise within the normal range for IQ and does not appear to have other cognitive issues. of the following measures, which is the most appropriate choice?

minnesota multiphasic personality inventory 2 restructured form

if a personality survey with high internal consistency includes two different questions related to the personality dimension of agreeableness, then which is true?

people will tend to give similar answers to both questions

to develop his theory about personality, freud interviewed his patients during therapy sessions, typically multiple sessions per week. the patients laid on a coach while freud asked questions and listened to the patients' responses. what was one of freud's main contributors to personality theory, and which method did he use?

personality is related to balance among the id, the ego, and the superego; case studies

the neurotransmitter dopamine is most closely associated with:

reward-seeking behavior

rolf is beginning to learn to ski, but he is nervous about going down some of the steeper slopes. which potential explanatory factors would theorist alfred adler be most interested in exploring to understand rolf's concerns?

rolf's feelings about his older sister, who qualified for the olympics in skiing

russ went for a run, and nelly took a nap. they then watched a horror movie together. usually, russ and nelly are about equally scared when they watch horror movies. in this situation, schachter's two-factor theory of emotion predicts that:

russ will be more scared of the movie because he is aroused from the run

domy was raised in a collectivistic culture, while naureen was raised in an individualistic culture. based on their upbringings, it is most safe to conclude that compared to naureen, domy is more likely to:

skip going to a concert so she can have dinner with her family

monica is kicking a soccer ball with her brother in her front yard. when the ball rolls into the street, monica runs into the street to retrieve it, and her father yells at her from the window. monica becomes upset when her father raises his voice. how do the cannon-bard theory of emotion and the james-lange theory of emotion differ in explaining monica's response to her father's raised voice?

the cannon-bard theory proposes that monica's emotional state and physiological arousal occur simultaneously, whereas the james-lange theory proposes that monica's physiological arousal precedes her emotional state

before starting her day working at a day-care center, meredith takes a few moments to smile at herself in the mirror. no matter how she is feeling before she comes in, she finds that smiling helps her feel happier before beginning her day. meredith's experience is evidence for:

the facial feedback hypothesis

a therapist who is an adherent of the humanistic personality theory would most likely focus on:

the pursuit of self-actualization

dr. howard wants to evaluate a patient's personality with respect to motivation. the patient does not read very well and does not have a very long attention span. which tests will provide reliable results in the most practical manner?

the thematic apperception test

which scenarios most directly refutes trait theories of psychology?

victoria goes to the same restaurant and orders the same meal every day, but when she goes out to eat with friends, she likes to order the most interesting thing on the menu