US Expansion and Imperialism
Define foreign-policy
A plan of action concerning a nations relations with other countries over a period of time
What did Alfred T Mahan think was the key to a strong trade and why
A powerful navy that would control the world sea lines and protect the US access to foregin markets
Define spears of influence
Areas were other nations have control
Spheres of influence
Areas where one nation has economic and political control over another
Why did US Secretary of State William Seward want the US to purchase the Russian colony of Alaska
He favored US expansion and it also was a steppingstone to Asia for trade
After the Spanish surrendered in Cuba American troops invaded blank and quickly brought the island under US control
Puerto Rico
As a result of the Spanish-American War this former Spanish colony was annexed by the US; in 1900 the Foraker Act set up a government with a US appointed governor; in 1917 the people of this island were made US citizens; this island is still owned by, and remains a territory of, the US
Puerto Rico
Transcontinental railroad
Rail line that spans the continent connecting the eastern and western coasts
In 1895 Cubans rows up again and Spain began a policy of blank, the first movement of large numbers of people into detention camps for military or political reasons
Reconcenstration
In 1911 a blank broke out in Mexico. Wilson tried to stay neutral however as Huerta's dictatorship grew more brutal he authorize the sale of arms to Huerta's is the rival Venustiano Carranza
Revolution
What was the name of the Chinese secret society that was formed to come back for an influence in China
Righteous and harmoniousfists
Define isolationist
Someone who is against expansion
Define expansionist
Someone who is for expansion
On April 11, 1898 President McKinley declared war with blank
Spain
During the Spanish-American war it took a battleship it blank months to travel from San Francisco to Cuba
Two or more
Panama Canal
US built 50-mile passage that connected the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean, via the Caribbean Sea; opened in 194. Provided for faster movement of US naval forces and faster trade
Indian Reorganization Act
began to reverse some of the programs of the Dawes Act; provided funds for tribes to purchase new land; offered government recognition of tribal constitutions; and replaced prohibitions on Native American languages and customs
Imperialism
building empires by imposing political and economic control over peoples around the world
Figure out whether the following is a cause or effect of expansion overseas: western frontier closes
cause
Americans had blank invested in Cuban rice and sugar, plantations, railroads and iron mines
$50 million
What was the purchase price of Alaska
$7.2 million
Give some arguments for isolationism
*could hurt american democracy *viewed native americans as backwards *not ready for new territories *native americans would not be given an equal status *slavery would be re-born *need more money for more miltary and navy bases *could lead to war *already powerful
Give some arguments in support of expansion
*duty of US to spread democracy *new territories *god given right to expand westward *extending civilization *US would have more world power *new places to trade from * spread Christianity *new raw materials
Impact of westward expansion on Native Americans summarize
*took all of their land *native Americans were forced out of their culture *also forced out of appearance and belief *children were thrown into Native American schools to try and get them to assimilate faster
Roosevelt try to deal with Colombian the Latin American country that control Panama by offering blank million dollars in cash and $250,000 yearly rent. This officer was turned down.
10
How long did the canal take to build? Between what years was the canal built? What was the cost
10 years, 1904 to 1914, $375 million
In 1916 a Mexican rebel general Francesco poncho Villa crossed into New Mexico raided and burned the town of Columbus killing blank Americans
18
What year was Alaska acquired and what was its benefit
1867, it was a steppingstone to Asia for trade
What year was some mullah acquired and what was its benefit
1889, to set up coal stations
Spanish-American WAr
1898 conflict that trabsformed that US into a major world power; US acquired the colonies of Puerto Rico , the Philippines the Pacific islands of Guam and wake and established a protectorate over cuba
What year was Puerto Rico, Philippines and the islands of Guam and wake acquired? And what was the benefit
1898, more naval bases and more training opportunities
Open Door Policy
1899 US declaration that all nations should have the right to trade with China on an equal basis
For how long had Japan blocked outside trade and buried foreigners from entering or leaving Japan
250 years
How did US planters respond to in Liliuokalani 1893
50 US Marines to overthrow queen and set up call American government
What happened on February 15, 1898
A great explosion sank the main and killed 260 men
Platt Amendment
Addition the US forced Cuba to make to their new constitution, giving Cuba "semi-independence" by limiting their power to make treaties and borrow money, allowed for American intervention in Cuba and granted the US a naval base at Guantanamo Bay
Nicknamed seawards folly because many American thought it was a frozen wasteland; purchased from Russia in 1867 for $7.2 million; secretary of state Seaword hoped it would be a steppingstone for trade with Asia and the Pacific; gold was discovered there in 1897
Alaska
What was the goal of the US open door policy
All nations wanted to trade with China on an equal basis
Many Americans wanted the United States to become involved and oust that Spanish because
American investments in Cuba and economic reasons
Yellow journalism fed blank against Spain through the daily barrage of blank
American outrage and horror stories
Why did Americans believe it was their divine duty to spread Christian values and Western civilization around the world
Because people of the Angelo Saxton foreign race were superior to the lesser race
What other countries were vying for Samoa in 1889 and what prevented a fight over the island at that time
Britain and Germany
One theater Roosevelt became president in 1901 he was determined to build a blank through the Isthmus of Panama because it was only about 50 miles wide
Canal
The US recognized the new nation of Panama and Panama agreed to let the US build a blank
Canal
Figure out whether the following is a cause or effect of expansion overseas: US industry needs to acquire raw materials
Cause
Figure out whether the following is a cause or effect of expansion overseas: US industry needs to find new markets in which to sell its products
Cause
Figure out whether the following is a cause or effect of expansion overseas: European nations acquire overseas colonies and compete for resources and markets
Causes
Figure out whether the following is a cause or effect of expansion overseas: some in the US want to spread American culture to other parts of the world
Causes
Carved into spears of influence by Europeans and the Japanese; the US pursued on open door policy so that all nations could continue to trade freely with this nation; resenting foreign interference in the country a group called the boxers launched an unsuccessful rebellion against foreign intruders
China
Imperialism
Committed to obtaining for one bases and territories buy any means necessary
Dawes Act
Congress passed this law hoping to improve Native American life by ending their wandering and to assimilate them into American culture by trying to turn them into farmers; it also set up boarding schools to make Native American children more like other Americans
What happened on July 7, 1898
Congress voted to make Hawaii part of US
During a failed rebellion against Spain in 1895, the Spanish government began a policy of reconstruction, forcing rebels into detention camps where 20000 died; the US had over 50 million dollars in investments there and was worried that political instability could compromise theses investments; was the location of the explosion of the Maine and the charge of the Rough Riders up San Juan Hill; became an independent nation in 1898 asa result of the Spanish-American War; in 1902 the US government forced the addition of the Platt Amendment to this nations constitution making it a protectorate of the US
Cuba
What were the three tasks of building the canal
Cut through mountain, Dam a river, erect canals giant locks
Dominican republic had overdue blank to European nations
Debts
In In blank Spain and the United States signed a peace treaty. Spain excepted Cuban independence and granted Puerto Rico the Philippines and the Pacific Islands of Guam and wake to the United States and return the United States paid Spain blank
December 1898, $20 million
Roosevelt quoted an old west African pro verb, speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far. He wanted the world to know that if the blank fail the United States would not hesitate to use blank forces to protect its interests
Diplomacy military
Figure out whether the following is a cause or effect of expansion overseas: US builds the Panama Canal
Effect
Figure out whether the following is a cause or effect of expansion overseas: US gains control of territories in the Carribean and the Pacific
Effect
Figure out whether the following is a cause or effect of expansion overseas: US issues the open door policy, which allows all nations to trade with China
Effect
Figure out whether the following is a cause or effect of expansion overseas: US navy grows in size and power to protect US boarders and growing overseas holdings
Effect
Figure out whether the following is a cause or effect of expansion overseas: US sends troops to Latin America protect its interests
Effect
As other nations carved up spears of influence in China what did the US fear would happen
Exclusion from Chinese trade
A blank is an independent country whose policies are controlled by an outside power
Protectorate
Foraker Act
Federal law that granted limited self-rule to Puerto-Rico under US appointed governor
Cuba is located 90 miles off the coast of blank and had been under a blank rule since Columbus arrived in 1492 the Cubans began an uprising in 1868 because why
Flordia, Spanish, they were sick of Spain's harsh rule
The blank set up a government in Puerto Rico with the US appointed governor and limited self-rule. Puerto Ricans were made blank in 1917
Foraker Act, citizens
What country did the US end up splitting Samoa with in 1899
Germany
What were two things that US leaders feared the US would be shut out of it did not act quickly to expand overseas
Global markets and denied raw materials
Define manifest destiny
God given right to expand westward
Two smalls South Pacific islands that were granted to the US at the end of the Spanish American war
Guam and wake
Many Americans criticized Roosevelt's role in the revolt and his blank
Gunboat diplomacy
First settlers came by canoe from the other Pacific Islands in the 600s; location minute idea as a refueling station and the military and outpost in the pacific; American missionaries arrived in the 1820s; other Americans came with her to a stab Lish sugar plantations; in 1891 Queen Liliuokalani refuse to recognize the 1887 Constitution (that American planters had forced her brother King Kalakaua to sign) and was forced from power by the same planters; was officially annexed by the US in 1889 and became a state in 1959
Hawaii
In 1914 a minor incident brought the US and Mexico to blank
Intervene
Had closed itself awesome trade with the outside world for about 250 years; in the early 1850s Commodore Perry impressed this nation's leaders by sailing into a major bay with US warships; signed a treaty to begin trading with the US in 1854; faced with the technology and power of the US this nation set out to transform its feudal society into a modern industrial nation
Japan
What was the result of the boxer rebellion
Killed thousands and stopped rebellion
In early 1898 fighting broke out in Hanover Cuba. President McKinley ordered the battleship Maine to Havana harbor to protect American blank and blank
Lives and poverty
Roosevelt sent blank to the Dominican republic and assumed responsibility for the debts
Marnies
Other than its natural beauty what were two reasons why the United States wanted to gain control of Hawaii
Military and commercial outpost of the Pacific
What were two main groups of Americans to settle in Hawaii after 1820
Missionaries and explorers
The US a pointed this new nation when it broke away from Columbia in 1903; in return for the support the US was granted the right to build operate control and protect a canal that connected the Atlantic to the Pacific and made it unnecessary for the US ships to travel 14,000 miles around South America; digging through the mountains, mudslides, tropical sun, heavy rains,and yellow fever and malaria were all problems engineers and workers phased when building the canal
Panama
On November 3, 1903 the people of panama rebelled against Columbia. American forces stopped Colombian troops from reaching blank and Panama declared itself Republic of Panama
Panama city
Roosevelt secretly let the blank know the US would help if they claimed independence
Panamanians
To free themselves of Spanish rule the people of this chain of islands helped the US drive the Spanish out in 1898; feeling betrayed when the US decided to keep them as a colony, the people of these islands fought and lost a war for independence against the US; would not become an independent nation until 1946
Philippines
The US for a war with the blank where 4000 Americans and blank Filipinos were killed. The fighting ended in 1901 and the Philippines did not gain independence until 1946
Philppines, 20000
The blank was in addition to the new Cuban constitution that limited Cuba's power to make treaties and borrow money it gave the US the right to intervene in Cuban affairs and keep a naval base in Guantánamo Bay
Platt Amendment
Big Stick Policy
President Roosevelt's philosophy that if diplomacy failed, the US would not hesitate to use military force to protect its interests around the world
Dollar Diplomacy
President Taft's policy based on the idea that economic ties were the best way to expand American influence around the world
List and explain three causes for American imperialism
Promoting economic growth, spreading American values, encouraged expansionism
The Roughriders led by blank was a cavalry unit that became famous through it successful charge San Juan Hill where right Wegmans and black recommends fat shoulder to shoulder on mindful of race and color and mindful only other comment duty as Americans
Roosevelt
Roosevelt steps in and issues the blank which established the right of the US to act as an exercise and an international police
Roosevelt corollary to the Monroe doctrine
US, Germany and Great Britain competed for control of this area; in 1899 if you claim a refueling/coaling station shared by the US and Germany missionaries shop to spread Christianity there
Samoa
Conditions in the camps included blank and blank and as a result about 200,000 Cubans died
Scarce food supply and poor sanitation
William Seward
Secretary of state who negotiated the US purchase of the Russian colony of Alaska in 1867 for 7.2 million dollars
What did queen Liliuokalani do in 1891 when she came to power upon the death of her brother
She succeeded him and refused to recognize the new constitution
Define Monroe doctrine
Telling European countries to stay out of the Americas
Yellow journalism
The use of sensational stories and headlines by the media
Supported the Panamanian revolution against Columbia in order to secure the right to build a canal across that isthmus of Pamina; promoter of the big stick approach to foreign-policy that stress with a diplomacy failed The US would not hesitate to use military force to protect his interest; his big stick policy was used to justify intervention in Latin American countries countries such as the Dominican republic and Mexico
Theodore Roosevelt
Why were US steamship companies and the U.S. Navy interested in Samoa a chain of islands in the South Pacific
To set up stations for coal
How many of the people of Latin American intervention in their nations that was a result of foreign policies such as the big stick policy, dollar diplomacy, and moral diplomacy?
They felt resentful most of the time but sometimes they were grateful
What happened in 1897 that changed Americans opinion about Alaska
They found gold
What was an important long-term effect for Japan as a result of Perry's visit
They realized that they needed to get better equipment and step up their game
Why were many Americans initially opposed to the purchase of Alaska
They saw it as a frozen wasteland
What was Japan's immediate reaction to the above and what did the Japanese and then do the following year 1854
They sign the treaty opening Japan for trade
What did American planters for is the Hawaiian King Kalakaua to do in 1887
To except a new constitution that gave them great influence
What was the goal of the United States president Fillmore in 1853 when he sent a squadron of heavy on the US warships commanded by commodore Matthew Perry to Japan
To get trading right with Japan
Asked Congress for a declaration of war against Spain in 1898 after two months of stories in the yellow press had convinced many Americans that the Spanish had found or torpedoed the Maine; assassinated in 1901
William McKinley
Promoter of the dollar diplomacy foreign policy that was based on the in idea of the economic ties and military intervention what's the best way to expand American influence; the extending to reduce intervention this policy actually lead to as many military interventions in Latin America as did the big stick policy
William Taft
The US have pursued Villa into Mexico after 11 months Wilson ordered Pershing to blank without capturing Villa
Withdraw
Promoter of the moral diplomacy approach to foreign-policy that the US should commend imperialism and should instead try to support and nurture a democracy around the world with the goals of spreading democracy and promoting peace; ironically this policy lead to more military intervention in Latin America then did either dollar diplomacy or the big stick policy, just the opposite of what was intended
Woodrow Wilson
Boxer Rebellion
failed 1900 uprising of Chinese citizens who wished to expel European and Japanese foreigners who had carved up China into spheres of influence
Isolation
policy of avoiding involvement in other countries' affairs
Moral Diplomacy
president Wilson's foreign policy system that held that support should be give only to countries whose ethical beliefs are comparable to that of the US
Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
re-assertion of US leadership of the western hemisphere with the goalstill being the prevention of european nations becoming too powerful in latin America; Roosevelt extended the Monroe Doctrine to justify US military intervention LatinAmerica to preserve law and order
