WIS 2552 Exercise 1 & Topics 1-8

Darwin published "Origin of Species" in ___

1859

There are ___ mechanisms for sexual selection to follow

2

According to the Florida Museum of Natural History, there are ___ species of crocodilians worldwide

23

Emus have ___ per foot

3

Rheas have ___ toe per foot

3

Rheas have _____ toe per foot.

3

There are ___ embryonic tissue layers

3

There are ___ species of Mergansers in North America

3

There are ______ species of waxwings worldwide.

3

There are actually ___ species of Kiwi

3

There are roughly __ species of salamanders

310

There are roughly ___ species of salamanders

310

There are roughly ___ species of salamanders.

310

Most scientists think the Earth is __ years old

4.5 Billion

Most scientists think the Earth is ___ years old

4.5 billion

According to one reference there are _____ species of Hummingbirds in Costa Rica alone.

51

The Pleistocene Epoch is roughly ___ years old

8,000

The Pleistocene Epoch ended roughly __ years ago.

8000

There are about ___ species of birds in the world

9700

Energy in biological systems mostly exists in the form of ___ molecules

ATP

The ___ are long-tailed, and short-winged acrobatic fibers that mostly feed on birds

Accipiters

Loons have suffered declines on their breeding grounds due to ___

Acid Rain

The Nile Crocodile is the largest Crocodile species in ___

Africa

The Nile Crocodile is the largest Crocodile species in ______.

Africa

Lampreys and hagfishes belong to the class

Agnatha

Lampreys and hagfishes belong to the class ___

Agnatha

___ is a deadly poison produced by some mushrooms

Amanitin

Stanely Miller was able to produce synthetic ___

Amino Acids

Oparin converted elemental nitrogen, carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen to ___

Amino acids

Stanley Miller combined methane and ___ in water, in his experiment

Ammonia

___ was a fungicide used widely in Florida in the 1980's and 1990's

Benlate

Ecological pyramids illustrate the amount of ___ at various tropic levels

Biomass

The ___ is a scavenger that may occasionally kill and eat mammals

Komodo dragon

The _____ is a scavenger that may occasionally kill and eat mammals.

Komodo dragon

Paclitaxel is used as an anti ___ agent

Cancer

The ___ was used as an example of a habitat specialized species

Cape Sable Seaside Sparrow

The dorsal part of a turtle's shell is called the ___

Carapace

Photosynthesis is essentially ___

Carbon fixation

The ___ are a species of deer in which both males and females have antlers

Caribou

Parthogenesis is seen in about 1/3 of the species in the lizard genus ___

Cnemidophorous

Male Sage Grouse have ___ as a sexually selected trait

Colored air sacs

The ___ is considered a sea duck although it lives mostly inland

Common Goldeneye

An endemic family of frogs is found on a series of oceanic islands formed by ___

Continental drift

The theory of the inheritance characteristic was advanced by ___

Lamarck

Darwin observed that there was no ___ on oceanic islands

Large herbivorous mammals

The endosymbiosis theory argues that small prokaryotic cells were engulfed by

Large prokaryotic cells

The __ Anole is a common species introduced to Florida

Cuban

The ___ Anole is a common species introduced to Florida

Cuban

Bacteria chiefly play an important role in ___ in ecosystems

Decomposition

Bacteria chiefly play an important role in ____ in ecosystems.

Decomposition

Echinodermata is a phylum of ___

Deuterostomes

Hemichordates are ___

Deuterostomes

Diving ducks, and dabbling ducks tend to be plumage

Dichromatic

___ are Protists involved in forming Red tides

Dinoflagellates

White pelicans differ from other members of the order in that they do not ______.

Dive from the air for food

In England ___ is another name for loons

Divers

White Pelicans differ from other members of the order in that they do not ___

Drive from the air for food

The endosymbiosis theory argues that small prokaryotic cells were engulfed by ___

Larger prokaryotic cells

The ___ is the largest species of sea turtles

Leatherback

Rhizobium is found in nodules in association with ___ plants

Legume

In various species of grouse, the males come to a common site called a ___ and they attempt to attract maters by inflating air sacs and chasing other males

Lek

In various species of grouse, the males come to a common site called a(n) ____ and there they attempt to attract mates by inflating sir sacs and chasing other males

Lek

Darwin found fossils of ___ at high elevations in the Andes, suggesting that the Earth had changed over time

Marine invertebrates

The ___ gecko is a common introduced lizards in Gainesville, Florida

Mediterranean

The ____ gecko is a common introduced lizard in Gainesville, Florida.

Mediterranean

The ___ was once called the Pigeon Hawk

Merlin

A pseudocoelm is typical of the ___

Nematodes

The conversion of ammonium to nitrates is called ___

Nitrification

Bacteria play an especially important role in the ___ cycle

Nitrogen

The Spadefoot toads are native to ___

North America

Salamanders reach their highest diversity in ___

Northern Hemisphere

North American Gnatcatchers are in the same family as the _______.

Old World warblers

Darwin's theory requires that the ___

Earth was very old

The ___ is highly specialized for a diet of apple snails

Everglades kite

Darwin used evidence from ___ to imagine the concept of Centers of Origin

Giant armadillo fossils

The Nighthjars and Tawny Frogmouth are members of the group known as the ______.

Goatsuckers

The ___ is an example of an herbivorous lizard

Green Iguana

The _____ is an example of an herbivorous lizard.

Green Iguana

Of the sea turtles only the ___ is chiefly herbivorous

Green Sea Turtle

Of the sea turtles the ______ is chiefly herbivorous.

Green Sea Turtle

A species of Poison Arrow Frog has been successfully introduced to the Baltimore area where it has been implicated in the reduction of cockroaches

False

All chordate characteristics are seen throughout the lives of the individual

False

American Crocodiles are widespread and abundant in Florida

False

Among the Amphibia several species are adapted for feeding on plants as adults

False

Among the Amphibian several species are adaptive for feeding on plants as adults

False

Chloroplasts are found only in members of the Kingdom Plantae

False

Temperate species may tend to be more ecologically specialized than their tropical counterparts

False

Temperate species may tend to be more ecologically specialized then their tropical counterparts

False

The Elephant Birds was native to New Guinea

False

The conversion of N2 to NH3 is exergonic

False

There are no native species of chameleons in Madagascar

False

There are no native species of chameleons in Madagascar.

False

Pelagic birds like the Tubenoses live ___

Far out at sea

According to Lewis Wolpert ___ is the most important event in a person's life

Gastrulation

The ___ are lizards with specially adapted toe pads for clinging to vertical surfaces

Geckos

Darwin argued that those individuals that ____ were naturally selected.

Had more offspring

Darwin argues that those individuals that ___ were naturally selected

Had more offspring

Structures in different species such as the wings of insect and bats, are said to be analogous as they ___

Have different embryological origins

Northern Mockingbirds were introduced successfully to ___

Hawaiian Islands

The eye-lash viper has a ___ between the eye and nostril

Heat detecting pit

American Bitterns are in the same group as the _____.

Herons

The ___ has claws on its wings to help it climb through vegetation

Hoatzin

The upper bone in the forelimbs of all tetrapods is called the ___

Humerus

It is now well known that ___ places have fewer species

Temperate zone

The first hominids appeared at the end of the ___

Tertiary

___ was the first period of the Cenozoic

Tertiary

was the first period of the Cenozoic.

Tertiary

A top predator in a food chain is a ___

Tertiary consumer

The Desert Iguana is indigenous to ___

The American southwest

There are ___ embryonic tissue layers in evolutionary more advanced animals

Three

Species in the Pelican - Comorant (Pelecaniformes) group have ___ feet

Totipalmate

Plants take up water from the soil and move it to the atmosphere by means of ___

Transpiration

The whistling ducks were once called ___ ducks

Tree

The first dinosaur appeared in the __

Triassic

The first dinosaurs appeared in the ___

Triassic

The lower part of the atmosphere is called the ___

Troposphere

A species of chameleon has been introduced to Florida

True

A species of chameleon has been introduced to Florida.

True

All turtles are egg layers

True

All turtles are egg layers.

True

An Florida, Alligators are hunted recreationally

True

Both mitochondria and chloroplasts have two membranes

True

Cells in the morula migrate and arrange themselves to form a hollow ball of cells

True

Collecting Bird nests and eggs was once a popular past time among the wealthy

True

Cone-nosed toads are adapted for burrowing

True

Darwin based his theory partly on observations of farm animals

True

Darwin based his theory partly on observations of farm animals.

True

In Florida, Alligators are hunted recreationally.

True

Multicellularity might have evolved from coloniality

True

Multicellularity might have evolved from incomplete cell division

True

Some nitrogen is fixed by the action of lighting

True

Some of Pasteur's sterile water flasks are still on display today

True

Some of Pasteur's sterile water flasks are still on display today.

True

The American Crocodile is still found on various islands in the Caribbean

True

The tropics may harbor more species with narrower niches than temperate species

True

There is a native species of crow found only in Hawaii.

True

Through the evolutionary process, species may become increasingly adapted for narrower environmental conditions and this can make them more rare

True

Only species of vertebrates have ___

True bone

The ___ is one species of bird with a keen sense of smell

Turkey Vulture

A zygote has ___ sets of chromosomes

Two

There are ___ type of secondary body cavity seen in the animals

Two

The ____ are mostly pelagic species in the shorebird group that feed by diving for fish.

alcids

Stanley Miller was able to produce synthetic

amino acids

The ecological niche of species may be based on __

any of these

Currawongs are native to ______.

australia

Horned Larks are not native to _______.

australia

Shrikes are found worldwide except for _____.

australia

The crested pigeon is native to

australia

The new holland honey-eater is native to

australia

The tawny frogmouth is a common bird in _____.

australia

The bobolink is related to the _______.

blackbirds

The archenteron forms from the _____.

blastocoel

Whooping cranes originally nested only in _____.

canada

Oparin did experiments in ____.

chemical evolution

Titmice are in the same family as the _______

chickadees

pigment molecules are found in the ___

chloroplasts

Chameleons are able to change their body color because of specialized cells called _____.

chromatophores

______ are common passerine birds that occur worldwide except for South America.

crows

Terns feed by _____.

diving from the air for fish

All owls are strictly nocturnal hunters.

false

As a group, sandpipers all have very long legs and beaks.

false

Honey-eaters were not found naturally in Hawaii.

false

Mynas and Starlings belong to a family that is widespread on oceanic islands but absent from africa.

false

Nuthatches and Creepers are members of the same family

false

The kinglets are a family found only in the old world

false

The yellow-bellied siskin is a type of

finch

Herons and Egrets feed chiefly on ______.

fish

Ratite birds are characterized by having a _____.

flat sternum

All plovers either lack or have vestigal (=reduced) ________.

hallux

Roseate Spoonbills are in the same group as the ______.

herons

A brushy tongue is characteristic of the ______.

honey eaters

A grey-tailed Mountain Gem is a species of

hummingbird

Kookaburras are related to the _______.

kingfishers

In photosynthesis, CO2 is converted to ___ and H2O

Sugars

The Hoatzin is a species native to ___

South America

Protosomes have ___ cleavage

Spiral

Choanocytes are characteristic of ___

Sponges

Intracellular digestion is characteristic of ___

Sponges

Francisco Redi did an experiment to show that meat did not produce maggots by the process of ___

Spontaneous Generation

Pasteur did an experiment to show that there was no ___

Spontaneous generation

The Dodos and Solitaires were native only to the ______.

mascarenes

The main food of Limpkins is ______.

mollusks

members of the heron and egret group are characterized by having ______.

naked lores

Three-wattled bellbirds are indigenous to the _____.

neotropics

Thrushes are found woldwide except in _____.

new zealand

Female _____ are brightly colored while the males have a duller plumage.

phalaropes

The _____ are shorebirds that feed by spinning around in the water to stir up food items.

phalaropes

Dodos were in the same group as the _______.

pigeons

The Tree Lizards inhabit _____.

pinyon-juniper woodland

digitalin is a compound produced by a certain

plant

Limpkins are in the same group as the ______.

rails

Numerous species of flightless ____ evolved on oceanic islands.

rails

Redpolls are in the same group as the ________.

red-crested cardinal

Of the following, the ___ is not a tetrapod

sea lamprey

Garter Snakes are _____ type foragers.

seize and swallow

The term "plastron" refers to part of a turtle's _______.

shell

Jaegers and Skuas feed on mammals and birds and are actually closely related to _____.

shorebirds

_____ are species that are related to Terns that feed by flying low with their lower mandible in the water.

skimmers

Most tanagers are found in __________.

south america

The Northern Mockingbird is most closely related to the ________.

thrashers

The lower part of the atmosphere is called the

troposphere

Both mitochondria and chloroplasts have two membranes.

true

Hummingbirds are found only in the new world.

true

Only species of vertebrates have __

true bone

The _____ family is the largest family that is found just in the New World.

tyrannidae

The ______ is a chickadee like species indigenous to the southwest and mexico, that belongs to a distinct family.

verdin

Wood storks and ____ both have un-feathered heads.

vultures

Owls have feet that are oriented like those of the ______.

woodpeckers

Toucanets are related to ______.

woodpeckers

Some ammonia is mineralized as ___

NH4+

Denitrification is the conversion of ___ to N2

NO2

___ is an example of a secually selected trait in passerine birds

Plumage dichromatism

Chagas disease is caused by a ___

Protist

Malaria is caused by a ___

Protist

Tetrahymena is a genus in the Kingdom ___, often used an toxicology studies

Protista

Tetrahymena is a genus in the Kingdom ___, often used in toxicology studies

Protista

Rotifers are characterized by having a ___

Pseudocoelom

Petrels are related to ___

Shearwaters

The term "plastron" refers to part of a turtle's

Shell

The _____ are passerine birds that forage by impaling small animals on thorns.

Shrikes

The ___ is the period of the first vascular plants

Silurian

There are roughly ___ is species of caecilians

165

There are roughly ______ species of caecilians

165

In the American Southwest as many as _____ Hummingbird species are known to occur.

17

The ecological niche of a species may be based on ___

- Any of these - Temperature - Moisture - Soil type

Many ecologists argue that ecological efficiencies are about ___%

10

There are _____ native species of crow and jays in New Zealand.

0

The giant salamander is ___ in length

1.6 meters

The giant salamander is _____ in length.

1.6 meters

In the Deuterostome line, the blastopore becomes the ___

Anus

In the Deuterotosome line, the blastopore becomes the

Anus

The less evolutionarily advanced salamanders are mostly ______.

Aquatic

The less evolutionary advanced salamanders are mostly ___

Aquatic

In development of animals the ___ is the primary body cavity

Archenteron

In development of animals the _____ is the primary body cavity.

Archenteron

Birds descended from the subclass ___ of fossil reptiles

Archosauria

Birds descended from the subclass ______ of fossil reptiles.

Archosauria

The modern order Squamata descended from the fossil reptile group ___

Archosauria

Several capitvely bred California Condors have been released in ___

Arizona

Plants take up inorganic nitrates and convert them to organic compounds in a process known as ___

Assimilation

According to a team of researchers, giant tortoises once occurred on all the continents except ___

Australia

According to a team of researchers, giant tortoises once occurred on all the continents except _____.

Australia

Caecilians are not found in the tropics of ___

Australia

Caecilians are not found in the tropics of _____.

Australia

___ is another name for primary producers

Autotrophs

Pasteur bent the slender necks of glass flasks to prevent ___ from reaching sterile water

Bacteria

Rhizobium is an example of a ___ that plays a role in nitrogen fixation

Bacteria

The archenteron forms from the ___

Blastocoel

The ___ Python has been introduced to the Everglades and apparently is becoming established there

Burmese

Terrestrial Caecilians are mostly adapted for ___

Burrowing

Terrestrial Caecilians are mostly adapted for ______.

Burrowing

The introduced Nile Monitor in Florida may possibly become a threat to native ___

Burrowing Owls

The ___ are broad winged soaring species

Buteos

Of the following ___ is the greenhouse gas most affected by human activities

CO2

The ___ era is broken down into Epochs

Cenozoic

Ecological pyramids were the brain child of ___

Charles Elton

Oparin did experiments in ___

Chemical evolution

Fungi are characterized by having cells with a cell wall made of ___

Chitin

Fungi are characterized by having cells with a cell wall made of ______.

Chitin

Pigment molecules are found in the ___

Chloroplast

A dorsal hollow nerve cord is a characteristic of just the ___

Chordates

Pharyngeal gill slits of just the ___

Chordates

Chameleons are able to change their body color because of specialized cells called

Chromatophores

___ is the embryonic tissue layer that lines the embryonic gut

Endoderm

Ratite birds are characterized by having a ___

Flat sternum

The platyhelminthes are the ___

Flatworms

Redi's experiment involved denying ___ access to decaying meat

Flies

___ were the organisms that formed the White Cliffs of Dover

Foraminiferans

All members of the phylum Chordata share ___ characters

Four

___ is the developmental stage during which the embryonic genes turn on

Gastrula

In the mid-nineteenth century people mostly believed that species were __

Immutable

In the mid-nineteenth century people mostly believed that species were ___

Immutable

Darwin's theory of natural selection assumes that ___

Individuals vary

Smaller lizards are mostly adapted for feeding on ___

Insects

Diving ducks mostly feed on ___

Invertebrates

The largest salamander is native to ___

Japan

Pythons differ from boas in that boas are ___

Live bearers

Grebes are loon-like birds with ___ feet

Lobed

Native birds in Hawaii were infected with ___ transmitted by mosquitoes

Malaria

___ are an example of a dabbling duck

Mallards

___ is a highly toxic form of mercury that is formed by the action of bacteria

Methyl

___ wrote a fascinating book called The Island Waterfoul

Milton Weller

Bacteria like DNA is found in the ___ of eukaryotes

Mitochondria

Toxic modes of chemicals often affect the ___ in cells

Mitochondria

___ are the site for aerobic respiration in eukaryotes

Mitochondria

Is the kingdom of species with prokaryotic cells.

Monera

___ is the Kingdoms of species with prokaryotic cells

Monera

___ lizards feed on eggs, small mammals and birds

Monitor

_____ lizards feed on eggs, small mammals and birds.

Monitor

Swans and Geese tend to be plumage __

Monochromatic

According to the theory of natural selection

More individuals of a species are born than can survive

According to the theory of natural selection, ___

More individuals of a species are born than can survive

In the Protosome lines, the blastopore becomes the ___

Mouth

The ___ is an example of a Perching Duck that is native to Shouth America

Muscovy

The ___ is an example of a Perching Duck that is native to South America

Muscovy

The endosymbiosis theory argues that a ___ relationship was established between two cells

Mutualistic

The symbiotic relationship between plant and Rhizobium is __ in nature.

Mutualistic

The symbiotic relationship between plant and Rhizobium is ___ in nature.

Mutualistic

Most of the gaseous nitrogen in the atmosphere exists in the form ___

N2

Some ammonia is mineralized as

NH+4

Ammonia is a gas and has the chemical formula

NH3

Ammonia is a gas and has the chemical formula ____.

NH3

The conversion of amino acids back to ___ is called ammonification

NH3

The bony fish evolved in the __ period of the Paleozoic

Ordovician

The bony fish evolved in the ___ period of the Paleozoic

Ordovician

The first fungi evolved in the ___

Ordovician

Class __ has the greatest number of vertebrate species.

Osteichthyes

Class ___ has the greatest number of vertebrate species

Osteichthyes

Of the ratites only the ____has just two toes

Ostrich

The ___ were African ratites introduced to Australia

Ostriches

The ___ tree apparently produces paclitaxel

Pacific Yew

Plants invaded land during the ___

Paleozoic

Seeds evolved during the ___

Paleozoic

The first vascular plants evolved in the ___

Paleozoic

plants invaded land during the

Paleozoic

The development of young from unfertilized eggs is called ___

Parthogenesis

About half the species of birds in the world belong to the order

Passeniformes

About half the species of birds in the world belong to the order __

Passeriformes

The Anhinga or snake is actually in the same order as the ___

Pelicans

According to Darwin's theory a bat's wing is homologous with a ___

Penguin flipper

According to the theory of the inheritance of acquired characteristic individuals transformed following

Perceived environmental stress

Water moves through soil to the groundwater by the process of

Percolation

Water moves through soil to the groundwater by the process of ___

Percolation

Conifers evolved in the ___

Permian

The Tree Lizards inhabit ___

Pinyon-juniper woodland

Digitalin is a compound by a certain ___

Plant

Is an example of sexually selected trait in passerine birds

Plumage dichromatism

Erectile feathers on the head are sexually selected trait in ___

Prairie chicken

Erectile feathers on the head are a sexually selected trait in _____.

Prairie chickens

A rabbit is an example of a ___

Primary consumer

In a food web animals are never ___

Primary producers

DNA in the nuclei of eukaryotic cells is complexed with ___

Proteins

Snake venom is made of ___

Proteins

African Sleeping Sickness is caused by a ___

Protist

Prokaryotic cells contain

RNA

Darwin noted that there was no native ___ in Australian grassland

Rabbits

Deuterosomes have ___ cleavage

Radial

Temperature dependent sex determination were discovered in a study of ___

Red eared turtles

Temperature - dependent sex determination was discovered in a study of ______.

Red-eared turtles

Temperature-dependent sex determination was discovered in a study of

Red-eared turtles

A true coelom is not seen in ___

Round worms

The ___ are an example of a diving duck

Scaup

Of the following the ___ is not a tetrapod

Sea lamprey

Garter Snakes are ___ type foragers

Seize and swallow

The Mexican Parrot Snake is a ___ type forager

Seize and swallow

Protenoid spheres could have evolved via ___

Self assembly

An endemic family for frogs exists on the ___ islands

Seychelles

An endemic family of frogs exists on the ____ islands.

Seychelles

Dabbing Ducks characteristically feed in ___

Shallow water

Ratfishes belong to the same vertebrate class as the ___

Sharks

Albatrosses are grouped with the ___

Shearwaters

In the forelimb of tetrapods, the radius paired with the ___

Ulna

Carbon is mostly as fossil fuels, CO2 and in ___

Vegetation

The _____ are sluggish insect gleaning foragers.

Vireos

Denitrification occurs only ___

When O2is not available

The ___ are very fast predators that feed by running down their prey

Whiptails

The ______ are very fast predators that feed by running down their prey.

Whiptails

At fertilization a single cell called a ___ is formed

Zygote

In the eastern US there is ______ common species of Hummingbird.

one

The _____ are passerine species that are similar to swifts

swallows

The Desert Iguana is indigenous to _____.

the American southwest