1.1-Overview of Microcomputer Operating Systems
microcomputer components
-microprocessor -RAM -fimware -circuitry -motherboard -storage (hard drive) -input/output form
Windows 8.x and WIndows 10 Home memory limit
32: 4GB 64: 128GB
Windows 7 Premium memory limit
32: 4GB 64: 16GB
Windows 7 Ultimate/Enterprise/Professional memory limit
32: 4GB 64: 192GB
Windows 10 pro/Enterprise/Educations memory limit
32: 4GB 64: 2TB
Windows 8.x Pro/Enterprise memory limit
32: 4GB 64: 512GB
64- vs 32-bit
64 is faster and has more unique locations (address space) because they can be theoretical. 64 Os reuires 64 drivers
virtual memory manager
OS's can move code and data as necessary to a portion of the disk
operating system
a collection of programs that controls all of the interactions among the various ststem components, freeing programmers from including set functions in their programs--interpreter between user and hardware
central processing unit
a component all computers have that performs the calculations and processing for the computer
client
a computer on the user end of the services provided by servers
microcomputer
a computer small enough and cheap enough for the use of one person
server
a computer that provides one or more services to other computers over a network
computer
a device that peforms calculations
device management
a function that controls hardware devices by usig special software called device drivers that are installed in the OS
cursor
a marker for the crrent position where what you type on the keyboard will appear
system-on-a-chip
a mobile device having all of its electronic circuitry on a single microchip
tablet
a popular mobile device with a touchscreen, no integrated keyboard, is larger than a smartphone, and is more portable than a laptop
job management
a process scheduler that is an OS function that controls the order and time in which programs run
partition
a single file system residing in one area
device driver
a special program installed into an operating system that contains code for controlling a componenet--an extension of the firmware and uniqe to the device
solid-state drive
a storage device that uses integrated circuits which the computer can write to and read faster--come in many forms inside phones and tablets or as a USB
integrated circuit
also called a chip, it's a small electronic component made up of transistors and other miniaturized parts
file management
also called data management, an OS function that allows the OS to read, write, and modify data while managing the logical organization/file system
task management
an OS function found in multiasking OS's--controls the focus of the system's attention
memory management
an OS function that manages the placement of programs and data in memory, while keeping track of where it puts them
x-bit OS
an OS that can take advantage of the addressing and processing features of a processor--referring to the number of bits the OS can manipulate as once
Window's, Linux, Apple's OS X
common operating systems for desktops and laptops
desktop computer
computer designed to spend its useful life in one location
plug and play
detecting a device connected by an external port and automatically installing the needed device driver
internet of things
devices not normally thought of as computing devices like kitchen appliances--not necessarily mobile, but communicate on networks
laptop computer
easy portability with a keyboard and flat screen integrated into a panel
Apple II, TRS-80, PET
first microcomputers that came out in 1977
security
how the OS protects the computer and the data it contains from unauthorized access--username and password
multitasking
implies that a computer is running two or more programs as the same time
input/output
interaction with a computer
command processor
loads programs into memory
file system
logical structure used on a stroage device for managing ans storing files--includes the program code--stores metadata
Android, iOS, Windows
operating systems designed for smartphones
output
processed information like display or priting
print server
s server with one or more printers connected to it that it shares with users on the network
input
sending something into the computer like typing, tapping, or talking
processes
small components that a program runs
Motorola, iPhone, Nokia, HTC, Samsung, LG
smartphone examples
firmware
software resident in integrated circuits that contains program code that informs the processor of the devices present and how to communicate with them--interface between the hardware and OS
application
software that allows a user to perform useful functions by sending commands to the OS to interact with the hardware
folder or directory
special files that can contain a list of files and their location
file server
stores data files for network-connected users
logical drive
such as Windows' C:, the OS assigning an identifier for a partition automatically
iPad, Surface, Galaxy, Nexus Sony Xperia, Kindle
tablet example
iOS, Android, Windows
tablet operating systems
microprocessor
the CPU in a microcomputer
kernel
the main component of an OS that remains in memory while the computer is running, managing low-level tasks
unified extensible firmware interface
the new standard for system firmware that is faster and includes security features
user interface
the software layer, or shell, through which the user interacts with the OS--includes the command processor and visual components
read only memory basic input output system
the system firmware in PC's
power on self-test
the traditional system firmware test that displays status and error messages
command-line interface
the visual component consisting of a character-based command line that requires text input
graphical user interface
through which the user communicates with the OS and the computer--offers menus and small icons that allow you to use apointing device to select and run programs
random-access memory
volatile memory that acts as the main memory for holding active programs and associated data in a microcomputer
embedded OS
when a mobile device stores its OS in firmware
virtual memory
where the VMM moves the code to as if it were memory and not jsut disk storage space
smartphone
working as a cell phone, it lets you connect to the internet, view your email, and install/run a variety of apps--usually have touch screens
formatting
writes the logical structure to a storage device