306 - Exam - Section 8
What is the main purpose of having the patient empty the bladder before an excretory urogram or VCUG?
to avoid diluting the contrast medium
The function of the urinary bladder is:
to serve as a temporary reservoir for urine
Which of the following actions are functions of the kidneys?
- Secreting substances that influence blood pressure - Maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance - Filtering wastes from the blood
The common reactions to contrast medial include:
- warmth - flushing
What is the typical transit time from ingestion to arrival at the ileocecal valve?
2-3 hours
How much is the patient rotated from the supine for an AP oblique projection of the kidneys and urinary system?
30 degrees
What is the central ray orientation for the AP axial projection of the large intestine?
30-40 degrees cephalad
How much is the body rotated in the RAO position when it is used for an esophagram?
35-40 degrees
How long must the patient be NPO prior to an upper Gi series?
8 hours
Which of the following will best demonstrate the rectosigmoid colon?
AP axial projection
Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the ascending colon?
AP oblique, LPO
Which of the following techniques demonstrates the fundus of the stomach filled with barium?
AP oblique, LPO position
The entire colon is best demonstrated in which projection?
AP or PA
Which projection of the colon will best demonstrate the medial aspect of the ascending colon and the lateral aspect of the descending colon when the colon is inflated with air?
AP, right lateral decubitus
Inflammatory bowel disease, most commonly involving the distal ileum (cobblestone appearance) is termed:
Crohn's disease
Which of the following procedures demonstrates both the structure and function of the kidneys?
Intravenous urography
At which level is the IR centered for an AP or PA oblique stomach and duodenum?
L1/L2
Which of the following oblique projections of the stomach demonstrates the stomach and entire duodenal loop filled with barium?
PA oblique, RAO
Which of the following positions will open up the right colic flexure?
RAO
Which of the following positions will open up the left colic flexure?
RPO
For the PA projection, which patient position will demonstrate the esophagus between the heart and thoracic vertebrae?
Right anterior oblique (RAO)
Which patient position is used when inserting an enema tip?
Sims
If bowel perforation is a possibility, what type of contrast medium may be used for a barium enema (BE) exam?
Water-soluble iodinated contrast
When is the study of a small bowel considered complete?
When contrast reaches the cecum (terminal ileum)
Which pathological condition is defined by the failure of smooth muscle of the alimentary canal to relax (referred to as rat's tail or beak)?
achalasia
The center of the compression device that is placed over the ureters during an IVP is positioned:
at level of ASIS
Where is the image receptor centered for the first image in the small bowel follow through series (usually taken 15-30 minutes after patient drinks contrast)?
at the level of L2 (about a hands width above the crest)
The PA projection of the stomach best demonstrates the:
barium filled stomach, pylorus, and duodenal bulb
The most common contrast medium used for radiological examination of the gastrointestinal tract is:
barium sulfate
Mass in the stomach formed by material that does not pass into the intestine is termed;
bezoar
Which imaging study is used to examine lesions on the mucosal wall by distending the lumen and allowing the barium to coat the surface of the esophagus?
double contrast
Backward flow of stomach contents into the esophagus is termed:
gastroesophageal reflux
Which contrast media is considered high osmolar and ionic?
gastrographin
Protrusion of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm is termed:
hiatal hernia
Which of the following conditions is most likely demonstrated with the AP projection Trendelenburg position?
hiatal hernia
Fusion of kidneys usually at the lower poles is termed:
horseshoe kidney
Distention of the renal pelvis and calyces with urine is termed;
hydronephrosis
The study performed to test patency of the fallopian tubes, check for lesions, masses and check insertion of contraception devices is called:
hysterosalpingography
Prolapse (telescoping) of a portion of the bowel into the lumen of an adjacent part is terminated:
intussusception
The bean shaped primary organs of the urinary system are the:
kidneys
Where is the image receiver centered for images taken after the first image in a small bowel follow through study?
level of the iliac crests
The microscopic functional unit of the kidney is the:
nephron
How far above the anus should the bag of contrast be hung for an enema?
no higher than 24 inches
Condition preventing normal flow of urine through the urinary system is termed:
renal obstruction
In some radiography procedures involving the urinary system, the contrast medium is introduced against the normal flow. This is termed:
retrograde
What is the triangular area of the bladder base between three openings?
trigone
Backward flow of urine from the bladder into the ureters is defined:
vesicoureteral reflux
Which pathological condition is defined as twisting of a bowel loop on itself?
volvulus
Which contrast media would you use if you were worried about a leak or perforation in the bowel or stomach?
water-soluble Iodine
What is the most common type of contrast administered for urinary system examinations?
water-soluble iodinated
