306 - Exam - Section 8

​​What is the main purpose of having the patient empty the bladder before an excretory urogram or VCUG?

to avoid diluting the contrast medium

The function of the urinary bladder is:

to serve as a temporary reservoir for urine

Which of the following actions are functions of the kidneys?

- Secreting substances that influence blood pressure - Maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance - Filtering wastes from the blood

The common reactions to contrast medial include:

- warmth - flushing

What is the typical transit time from ingestion to arrival at the ileocecal valve?

2-3 hours

How much is the patient rotated from the supine for an AP oblique projection of the kidneys and urinary system?

30 degrees

What is the central ray orientation for the AP axial projection of the large intestine?

30-40 degrees cephalad

How much is the body rotated in the RAO position when it is used for an esophagram?

35-40 degrees

How long must the patient be NPO prior to an upper Gi series?

8 hours

Which of the following will best demonstrate the rectosigmoid colon?

AP axial projection

Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the ascending colon?

AP oblique, LPO

Which of the following techniques demonstrates the fundus of the stomach filled with barium?

AP oblique, LPO position

The entire colon is best demonstrated in which projection?

AP or PA

Which projection of the colon will best demonstrate the medial aspect of the ascending colon and the lateral aspect of the descending colon when the colon is inflated with air?

AP, right lateral decubitus

Inflammatory bowel disease, most commonly involving the distal ileum (cobblestone appearance) is termed:

Crohn's disease

Which of the following procedures demonstrates both the structure and function of the kidneys?

Intravenous urography

At which level is the IR centered for an AP or PA oblique stomach and duodenum?

L1/L2

Which of the following oblique projections of the stomach demonstrates the stomach and entire duodenal loop filled with barium?

PA oblique, RAO

Which of the following positions will open up the right colic flexure?

RAO

Which of the following positions will open up the left colic flexure?

RPO

For the PA projection, which patient position will demonstrate the esophagus between the heart and thoracic vertebrae?

Right anterior oblique (RAO)

Which patient position is used when inserting an enema tip?

Sims

If bowel perforation is a possibility, what type of contrast medium may be used for a barium enema (BE) exam?

Water-soluble iodinated contrast

When is the study of a small bowel considered complete?

When contrast reaches the cecum (terminal ileum)

Which pathological condition is defined by the failure of smooth muscle of the alimentary canal to relax (referred to as rat's tail or beak)?

achalasia

The center of the compression device that is placed over the ureters during an IVP is positioned:

at level of ASIS

Where is the image receptor centered for the first image in the small bowel follow through series (usually taken 15-30 minutes after patient drinks contrast)?

at the level of L2 (about a hands width above the crest)

The PA projection of the stomach best demonstrates the:

barium filled stomach, pylorus, and duodenal bulb

The most common contrast medium used for radiological examination of the gastrointestinal tract is:

barium sulfate

Mass in the stomach formed by material that does not pass into the intestine is termed;

bezoar

Which imaging study is used to examine lesions on the mucosal wall by distending the lumen and allowing the barium to coat the surface of the esophagus?

double contrast

Backward flow of stomach contents into the esophagus is termed:

gastroesophageal reflux

Which contrast media is considered high osmolar and ionic?

gastrographin

Protrusion of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm is termed:

hiatal hernia

Which of the following conditions is most likely demonstrated with the AP projection Trendelenburg position?

hiatal hernia

Fusion of kidneys usually at the lower poles is termed:

horseshoe kidney

Distention of the renal pelvis and calyces with urine is termed;

hydronephrosis

The study performed to test patency of the fallopian tubes, check for lesions, masses and check insertion of contraception devices is called:

hysterosalpingography

Prolapse (telescoping) of a portion of the bowel into the lumen of an adjacent part is terminated:

intussusception

The bean shaped primary organs of the urinary system are the:

kidneys

Where is the image receiver centered for images taken after the first image in a small bowel follow through study?

level of the iliac crests

The microscopic functional unit of the kidney is the:

nephron

How far above the anus should the bag of contrast be hung for an enema?

no higher than 24 inches

Condition preventing normal flow of urine through the urinary system is termed:

renal obstruction

In some radiography procedures involving the urinary system, the contrast medium is introduced against the normal flow. This is termed:

retrograde

What is the triangular area of ​​the bladder base between three openings?

trigone

Backward flow of urine from the bladder into the ureters is defined:

vesicoureteral reflux

Which pathological condition is defined as twisting of a bowel loop on itself?

volvulus

Which contrast media would you use if you were worried about a leak or perforation in the bowel or stomach?

water-soluble Iodine

What is the most common type of contrast administered for urinary system examinations?

water-soluble iodinated