AAMI Embalming Chemistry Week 5

irreversibly destroy

A temperature between 70 - 80°C will ________the enzymes because heat denatures proteins.

diminishes rapidly.

Above 50°C enzymes activity ?

amphoteric

Any compound that can act as both an acid and a base in solution is said to be .

peptide bonds.

As previously stated, proteins are large organic compounds made of amino acids which are arranged in a linear chain and joined together by ?

stop working and begin to coagulate

Between 60 - 70°C the enzymes will ?.

lysosomes

During life, organelles called _______ contain the digestive enzymes of a cell.

molecules.

Enzyme activity can be affected by other

physical and chemical

Enzymes possess _____ and _______ properties similar to proteins

38°C,

Enzymes require favorable temperatures for their activity. have an optimum temperature of

crystalloidal

However one significant difference is that proteins are _______ in nature and therefore are capable of passing through a semi-permeable membrane

Deaminase.

If the enzyme is to work on an amine group of the amino acid doing deamination it will be named ?

Decarboxylase.

If the enzyme is to work on the carboxyl group it will be named ?

saprophytic bacteria and lysosomes.

In human remains the enzymes of decomposition have two different sources:

Imbibition

It is through this process that the body is able to prevent dehydration of the tissues even when excessive heat is present such as with high fevers or hot weather

polymers

Since proteins are made up of amino acids you can say they are ________ of amino acids

essential

Since the body cannot make the other nine amino acids, we get them by eating protein-rich foods. These type of protiens are called

SUBSTRATE

So you can say each enzyme acts on a single _______ and the shape of the enzyme must be complementary to that of its substrate so they may interact.

7.2 - 7.4.

The optimum pH for most enzymes is 7.2 - 7.4.

active site.

The region of the enzyme that binds the substrate and contains the catalytic residues is known as the ___?

gene

The sequence of amino acids in a protein is defined by a _____ and is "written" in the genetic code.

Glycine

The smallest identifiable protein molecule is a single amino acid molecule called

amino acids

Therefore you can say the final hydrolysis products of proteins are

Buffers

They protect a solution against changes in pH.

Imbibition

This process occurs chiefly in living cells

Saprophytic

_____ bacteria are normally present in the digestive tract as normal flora and after death they are free to migrate out of the intestinal tract and multiply by using dead organic matter for their nutrition

Coagulation

______ is the process of converting soluble protein to insoluble protein by heating or by contact with a chemical such as an alcohol or an aldehyde. Therefore you can say proteins are converted to an insoluble state by heat or alcohol.

Imbibition

______ is the swelling and softening of tissues as a result of absorbing moisture from adjacent sources.

Enzymes

_________ accelerate but do not start chemical reactions; their function is to make a reaction take place faster.

activators

_________ are molecules that increase activity. Many drugs and poisons are enzyme inhibitors

Deamination

_________ is the removal of the amine group (-NH2) from a compound (protein or amino acid) with the resulting products being ammonia and an organic acid.

Decarboxylation

_________________ is the removal of the carboxyl group (-COOH) from the amino acid or protein resulting in the products carbon dioxide, water and an amine.

Inhibitors

_________are molecules that decrease enzyme activity;

catalysts

_________participate in reactions but are neither reactants nor products of the reaction they catalyze; they remain unchanged when the reaction is finished.

Buffers

______are substances that in solution are capable of neutralizing, within limits, both acids and bases and thereby maintaining the original or constant pH of the solution.

Enzymes

are large proteins that speed up chemical reactions

false

at 60-70 degrees enzymes are irreversible destroyed? t/f

catalysts

enzymes are proteins that function as organic ?

colloidal

enzymes are_______ and therefore cannot pass through semi-permeable membranes.

true

for every peptide linkage that occurs many water molecules are formed.. t/f

Autolysis

is self cell digestion or cell self-decomposition which is due to enzymes.

Labile

means readily undergoing change or breakdown, or changing quickly.

true

proteins digestion is a result of hydrolysis reaction? t/f

lactase.

the enzyme that digests lactose is

ture

the peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain are formed in a dehydration reaction? t/f

proteins

what are the most important biochemical compounds

substrate and their reaction

what are the ways an enzyme can be named

peptide bond

what is formed when two amino acids come together at the amine group and carboxyl group of each respectively

coagulation

what is the process results in proteins being converted to an insoluble state by either heat or alcohol

amino acids

what is the structural unit of a protein

amphoteric

what is the term used for a compound that can act as an acid as well as a base