A&P CH 9 Quiz

B) Wave summation -Temporal aka wave summation, occurs because the second contraction occurs before the muscle has completely relaxed.

The situation in which contractions become stronger due to stimulation before complete relaxation occurs. A) Tetanus B) Wave summation C) Muscle Tone D) Multiple motor unit summation E) Maximal stimulus

c) I band -I-band (for isotropic) -Isotropy is uniformity in all directions; it is derived fromt he Greek iso (equal) and tropos (direction). -Thin filaments only.

Surrounding the Z-line is the region of the ___. a) Z disc b) H zone c) I band d) A band e) M line

myofibrils

The contractile units of skeletal muscles are ________.

myoglobin

The oxygen-binding protein found in muscle cells is ________.

The term aponeurosis refers to ________.

a sheetlike indirect attachment to a skeletal element

A) Slow (oxidative), fatigue-resistant fibers

A relatively high percentage are found in successful marathon runners. A) Slow (oxidative), fatigue-resistant fibers B) Fast (oxidative or glycolytic), fatigable fibers

a) Z disc -(from the German "Zwischenscheibe", the band in between the I bands) appears as a series of dark lines.

A sarcomere is defined as the segment between two neighboring Z-lines (or Z-discs, or Z bodies). In electron micrographs of cross-striated muscle, the ___. a) Z disc b) H zone c) I band d) A band e) M line

A) Slow (oxidative), fatigue-resistant fibers

Abundant in muscles used to maintain posture. A) Slow (oxidative), fatigue-resistant fibers B) Fast (oxidative or glycolytic), fatigable fibers

e) Perimysium -A sheath of connective tissue that groups individual muscle fibers (anywhere between 10 to 100 or more) into bundles of fascicles.

Around the fasicles. Connective tissue surrounding muscle fiber bundles. a) Epimysium b) Endomysium c) Muscle Fiber d) Fascicle e) Perimysium

A) Slow (oxidative), fatigue-resistant fibers

Red fibers, the smallest of the fiber types. A) Slow (oxidative), fatigue-resistant fibers B) Fast (oxidative or glycolytic), fatigable fibers

d) Fascicle -A bundle of skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by perimysium, a type of connecive tissue.

Bundles. Bundles of muscle cells surrounded by a perimysium. a) Epimysium b) Endomysium c) Muscle Fiber d) Fascicle e) Perimysium

B) Fast (oxidative or glycolytic), fatigable fibers -glycogen - one form in which body fuel is stored. -Stored primarily in liver and broken down into glucose when needed by the body.

Contain abundant amounts of glycogen. A) Slow (oxidative), fatigue-resistant fibers B) Fast (oxidative or glycolytic), fatigable fibers

A) Tetanus -tetan = rigid -A state of continuous muscular contraction, especially when induced artificially by rapidly repeated stimuli.

Continued sustained smooth contraction due to rapid stimulation. A) Tetanus B) Wave summation C) Muscle Tone D) Multiple motor unit summation E) Maximal stimulus

A) Slow (oxidative), fatigue-resistant fibers

Depends on oxygen delivery and aerobic mechanisms. A) Slow (oxidative), fatigue-resistant fibers B) Fast (oxidative or glycolytic), fatigable fibers

C) Muscle Tone -All skeletal muscle is maintained in a constant, slightly contracted state - spinal reflexes activate groups of motor units alternately

Determined by alternating motor units of a muscle organ even when the muscle is at rest. A) Tetanus B) Wave summation C) Muscle Tone D) Multiple motor unit summation E) Maximal stimulus

lactic acid

During vigorous exercise, there may be insufficient oxygen available to completely break down pyruvic acid for energy. As a result, the pyruvic acid is converted to __B______.

intense exercise of short duration

Fatigued muscle cells that recover rapidly are the products of ________.

d) A band -(for anisotropic). Named for their properties under a polarizing microscope. -Anisotropic is the property of being directionally dependent, as opposed to isotropy, which implies identical properties in all directions. -Thick and thin filaments overlap.

Following the I-band is the ___. a) Z disc b) H zone c) I band d) A band e) M line

B) Fast (oxidative or glycolytic), fatigable fibers

Have very fast-acting myosin ATPases and depend upon anaerobic metabolism during contraction. A) Slow (oxidative), fatigue-resistant fibers B) Fast (oxidative or glycolytic), fatigable fibers

D) Multiple motor unit summation -The force of contraction is controlled more precisely by recruitment also called multiple motor unit summation.

How a smooth increase in muscle force is produced. A) Tetanus B) Wave summation C) Muscle Tone D) Multiple motor unit summation E) Maximal stimulus

latent (period)

Immediately following the arrival of the stimulus at a skeletal muscle cell there is a short period called the _______ period during which the neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis, diffuses across the synaptic cleft, and binds to its receptors.

c) Muscle Fiber

Individual muscle fiber. Skeletal and smooth muscle cells (but not cardiac muscle cells) are elongated and called___. a) Epimysium b) Endomysium c) Muscle Fiber d) Fascicle e) Perimysium

e) M line -(from the German "Mittel", middle of the sarcomere).

Inside the H-zone is a thin ___. a) Z disc b) H zone c) I band d) A band e) M line

E) Maximal stimulus -The strongest stimulus that produces increased contractile force.

The stimulas above which no stronger contraction can be elicited, because all motor units are firing in the muscle. A) Tetanus B) Wave summation C) Muscle Tone D) Multiple motor unit summation E) Maximal stimulus

increasing the stimulation up to the maximal stimulus

The strongest muscle contractions are normally achieved by ______.

a) Epimysium -"outside the muscle" -An "overcoat" of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the whole muscle.

The tissue that binds muscles into functional groups. Connective tissue covering the exterior of a muscle organ. a) Epimysium b) Endomysium c) Muscle Fiber d) Fascicle e) Perimysium

sarcomere

What is the functional unit of a skeletal muscle called?

bind to regulatory sites on troponin to remove contraction inhibition

What is the role of calcium ions in muscle contraction?

Stretching a muscle too far or using too much weight during resistance exercise will stimulate the golgi tendon reflex.

Which of the following is not a component of the standard treatment for muscle strain?

b) H zone -From the German "Heller", bright). Named for their properties under a polarization microscope. -Thick filaments only.

Within the A-band is a polar region called the ___. (a) Z disc b) H zone c) I band d) A band e) M line

b) Endomysium -A whispy sheath of connective tissue that surrounds each individual muscle fiber. It consists of fine areolar connective tissue.

Within the muscle. Connective tissue sheath surrounding individual muscle fibers. a) Epimysium b) Endomysium c) Muscle Fiber d) Fascicle e) Perimysium