A&P review 2

Extracellular liquid matrix in blood is

plasma

Which type of epithelium is best suited for rapid filtration?

simple squamous

Lining of blood capillaries supplying body cells with oxygen and nutrients, are expected to consist of

simple squamous epithelium

The muscle tissue that can be consciously controlled is

skeletal

The lattice of spongy bone, consisting of plates, rods and spines, is called

trabeculae

One of the functions of bone is "electrolyte balance." Which of the following best represents this role?

Bones store calcium and phosphorus and release them into the blood as needed.

Which of the following cell organelles would be most important in secretory epithelial cells?

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following is a function of epithelial tissue?

Secretion and absorption of molecules

Which one among the following statement about smooth muscle is TRUE?

The smooth muscles are responsible for the movements of the internal organs. The cells in the smooth muscles have actin, but no striations. The muscular cells in the smooth muscles are shorter than the skeletal muscles

In compact bone, the Haversian canals go the length of the bone. What are the connectors from one Haversian canal to another?

Volkmann's canal

Which of the following best describes the role of a lacuna in a bone?

a cavity within a bone to house an osteocyte

An osteon (Haversian system) is actually

a Haversian canal and its lamellae

Dense regular collagenous connective tissue would be found in

a ligament

Osteoclasts are active cells that tear down bone. They do this by secreting an enzyme that dissolves the collagen in the bone matrix. Which of the following is that enzyme?

acid phosphatase

Calcitrol is a(n)

activated form of vitamin D

A tissue specialized for energy storage and thermal insulation is

adipose tissue

Endochondral ossification ends at what age?

adulthood

Where is the epiphyseal plate found?

at the metaphysis of the bone

Which of the following is associated with nervous tissue?

axon

The term "calcium homeostasis" refers to which of the following?

balance of calcium between the blood and the bones

Epithelial tissue is distinguished from connective tissue, muscular, or nervous tissue by its

basement membrane

The center of an osteon is known as a Haversian canal. What passes through the center of the canal?

blood and nerves

If blood calcium levels increase, which of the following hormones is released to take calcium from the blood and place in into the bones?

calcitonin

Osteocytes must have the ability to receive nutrients from the blood and an ability to return wastes to the blood. Connectors between the osteocytes and the blood vessels are known as

canaliculi

Most of the peripheral skeleton of a 7-month-old fetus is primarily

cartilage tissue

A tissue is formed by a group of ______________ performing or associated with similar function.

cells

Tendons and ligaments contain the protein

collagen

Loose connective tissue contains

collagen and elastin fibers myosin and actin fibers plasma

Before the process of intramembranous ossification, which of the following type of tissue is found in the associated membranes of the skull and clavicles?

collagen fibers

Sharpey's fibers, located on the periphery of a bone, are

collagen fibers from ligaments that attach to bone

Since bone is a connective tissue, it has all the necessary features of a connective tissue including a matrix. What makes up the matrix of a bone?

collagen, proteins and hydroxyapatite

Following a bone fracture a fracture hematoma builds around the fracture site. A fracture hematoma is a:

collection of blood vessels and collagen at the fracture site.

Which of the following fractures refers to a fracture of a bone in multiple pieces?

comminuted

A general characteristic of connective tissue is that it

consists of cells with much intercellular material between them

Muscle tissue is characterized by its

contractility

According to their function, there are two major types of epithelial tissue, these are

covering and secretory epithelium

Epithelial tissue that can stretch or is subjected to stress would have many

desmosomes

The shaft of a bone is known as the

diaphysis

The shape of a person's ear is due mainly to

elastic cartilage

Which of the following is a squamous epithelium that lines the medullary cavity of a bone to begin the formation of marrow?

endosteum

Once an endochondral bone has completed its ossification, the bone now has a ___________ where the old epiphyseal plate existed

epiphyseal line

The growth zone of a long bone is referred to as the

epiphyseal plate

The end of a long bone is referred to as the

epiphysis

There are four primary types of tissues; they are

epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous

Connective tissue exists in different forms (within the human body) from liquids to very hard solids of the presence of the ___________________.

extracelluar matrix

Woven bone is formed during which of the following situations?

fetal development and after fractures

Connective tissue fibers are produced by

fibroblasts

The only type of cell seen in a tendon is

fibroblasts

Tendons and ligaments are composed primarily of

fibrous connective tissue

In the skull of a newborn baby, the space between the developing skull bones is known as a(n)

fontanel

Cardiac muscle is found in the wall of the

heart

Two of the primary hormones for bone growth and development are

human growth hormone and thyroid hormone

In children and adolescents, what is the epiphyseal plate composed of?

hyaline cartilage

The inorganic portion of a bone structure, made primarily of calcium phosphate crystals, is known as

hydroxyapatite

The epiphyseal plate is divided into 4 zones. The region where chondrocytes mature and enlarge is the zone of

hypertrophy

Which of the following is a function of parathormone?

increases osteoclast activity. inhibit the action of osteoblasts. increase the reabsorption of calcium from the urine.

The secretions of endocrine glands are released directly

into the bloodstream

Which of the following types of bone develops out of a non-cartilage connective tissue scaffold?

intramembranous

Lamellar bone is bone that

is mature and is organized into thin sheets or layers

If the mineral salts are removed from a bone, what happens to the bone?

it becomes soft and rubbery

Some marrow of long bones is termed "red" marrow. The function of this is to

manufacture blood cells

Cancellous bone has spaces within that are deigned for the housing of

marrow and blood vessels

If a 12 year old were to fracture their epiphyseal plate, the result of the damage could be that the bone

may stop growing at the plate

All permanent connective tissues originate with the _______ of the embryo.

mesenchyme

Nervous tissue consists predominantly of two cell types:

neurons and neuroglia

The term "appositional growth" refers to bone growth that occurs

on the surface of cartilage, bone or older bone

When different varieties of tissues are associated to perform a function they form the structure known as ___________.

organ

Bone cells that manufacture new bone are known as

osteoblasts

The type of cells that brings about intramembranous ossification are

osteoblasts

In the process of bone remodeling, old bone is removed by

osteoclasts

Which of the following glands plays a major role in calcium homeostasis?

parathyroid

A tissue that surrounds a long bone, made of a double layer of connective tissue, is referred to as the

periosteum

Macrophages almost as abundant as fibroblasts are specialized in

phagocytosis

Which of the following is classified as a long bone?

phalanx

Collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers in connective tissues are formed by

proteins

The gel of the extracellular matrix is composed mostly of water and

proteoglycans

The epithelium that lines the trachea is called

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Blood cells are produced in hemopoietic tissue found in

red bone marrow

Which of the following is the most accurate definition of "bone remodeling"?

removal of old bone by osteoclasts and making of new bone by osteoblasts

Membranes lining body cavities that lack openings to the outside are called

serous

The various types of epithelium are classified by the

shape of cells and number of cell layers

The epithelium that lines the stomach and intestines is

simple columnar

Movement of food through the digestive tract results from the action of

smooth muscle

Muscle tissue cells are contractile, which means they

specialize in contraction and relaxation

Cancellous bone is often referred to as _____________ bone.

spongy

What type of bone tissue surrounds a medullary cavity?

spongy bone

A muscle that is not consciously controlled and has a banded appearance would be described as

stirated involuntary

Simple epithelium has one layer of cells on the basement membrane, ___________ epithelium has more than one layer of cells.

stratified

What is the function of neuroglial cells in nervous tissue?

support and bind nervous tissue together, provide nutrients to neurons

Cartilage tissues are likely to be slow in healing following an injury because

they lack direct blood supplies

Epithelial tissue is characterized by

tightly packed cells

Examples of bones that are "irregular" in shape are

vertebrae and some skull bones