A&P review 2
Extracellular liquid matrix in blood is
plasma
Which type of epithelium is best suited for rapid filtration?
simple squamous
Lining of blood capillaries supplying body cells with oxygen and nutrients, are expected to consist of
simple squamous epithelium
The muscle tissue that can be consciously controlled is
skeletal
The lattice of spongy bone, consisting of plates, rods and spines, is called
trabeculae
One of the functions of bone is "electrolyte balance." Which of the following best represents this role?
Bones store calcium and phosphorus and release them into the blood as needed.
Which of the following cell organelles would be most important in secretory epithelial cells?
Golgi apparatus
Which of the following is a function of epithelial tissue?
Secretion and absorption of molecules
Which one among the following statement about smooth muscle is TRUE?
The smooth muscles are responsible for the movements of the internal organs. The cells in the smooth muscles have actin, but no striations. The muscular cells in the smooth muscles are shorter than the skeletal muscles
In compact bone, the Haversian canals go the length of the bone. What are the connectors from one Haversian canal to another?
Volkmann's canal
Which of the following best describes the role of a lacuna in a bone?
a cavity within a bone to house an osteocyte
An osteon (Haversian system) is actually
a Haversian canal and its lamellae
Dense regular collagenous connective tissue would be found in
a ligament
Osteoclasts are active cells that tear down bone. They do this by secreting an enzyme that dissolves the collagen in the bone matrix. Which of the following is that enzyme?
acid phosphatase
Calcitrol is a(n)
activated form of vitamin D
A tissue specialized for energy storage and thermal insulation is
adipose tissue
Endochondral ossification ends at what age?
adulthood
Where is the epiphyseal plate found?
at the metaphysis of the bone
Which of the following is associated with nervous tissue?
axon
The term "calcium homeostasis" refers to which of the following?
balance of calcium between the blood and the bones
Epithelial tissue is distinguished from connective tissue, muscular, or nervous tissue by its
basement membrane
The center of an osteon is known as a Haversian canal. What passes through the center of the canal?
blood and nerves
If blood calcium levels increase, which of the following hormones is released to take calcium from the blood and place in into the bones?
calcitonin
Osteocytes must have the ability to receive nutrients from the blood and an ability to return wastes to the blood. Connectors between the osteocytes and the blood vessels are known as
canaliculi
Most of the peripheral skeleton of a 7-month-old fetus is primarily
cartilage tissue
A tissue is formed by a group of ______________ performing or associated with similar function.
cells
Tendons and ligaments contain the protein
collagen
Loose connective tissue contains
collagen and elastin fibers myosin and actin fibers plasma
Before the process of intramembranous ossification, which of the following type of tissue is found in the associated membranes of the skull and clavicles?
collagen fibers
Sharpey's fibers, located on the periphery of a bone, are
collagen fibers from ligaments that attach to bone
Since bone is a connective tissue, it has all the necessary features of a connective tissue including a matrix. What makes up the matrix of a bone?
collagen, proteins and hydroxyapatite
Following a bone fracture a fracture hematoma builds around the fracture site. A fracture hematoma is a:
collection of blood vessels and collagen at the fracture site.
Which of the following fractures refers to a fracture of a bone in multiple pieces?
comminuted
A general characteristic of connective tissue is that it
consists of cells with much intercellular material between them
Muscle tissue is characterized by its
contractility
According to their function, there are two major types of epithelial tissue, these are
covering and secretory epithelium
Epithelial tissue that can stretch or is subjected to stress would have many
desmosomes
The shaft of a bone is known as the
diaphysis
The shape of a person's ear is due mainly to
elastic cartilage
Which of the following is a squamous epithelium that lines the medullary cavity of a bone to begin the formation of marrow?
endosteum
Once an endochondral bone has completed its ossification, the bone now has a ___________ where the old epiphyseal plate existed
epiphyseal line
The growth zone of a long bone is referred to as the
epiphyseal plate
The end of a long bone is referred to as the
epiphysis
There are four primary types of tissues; they are
epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous
Connective tissue exists in different forms (within the human body) from liquids to very hard solids of the presence of the ___________________.
extracelluar matrix
Woven bone is formed during which of the following situations?
fetal development and after fractures
Connective tissue fibers are produced by
fibroblasts
The only type of cell seen in a tendon is
fibroblasts
Tendons and ligaments are composed primarily of
fibrous connective tissue
In the skull of a newborn baby, the space between the developing skull bones is known as a(n)
fontanel
Cardiac muscle is found in the wall of the
heart
Two of the primary hormones for bone growth and development are
human growth hormone and thyroid hormone
In children and adolescents, what is the epiphyseal plate composed of?
hyaline cartilage
The inorganic portion of a bone structure, made primarily of calcium phosphate crystals, is known as
hydroxyapatite
The epiphyseal plate is divided into 4 zones. The region where chondrocytes mature and enlarge is the zone of
hypertrophy
Which of the following is a function of parathormone?
increases osteoclast activity. inhibit the action of osteoblasts. increase the reabsorption of calcium from the urine.
The secretions of endocrine glands are released directly
into the bloodstream
Which of the following types of bone develops out of a non-cartilage connective tissue scaffold?
intramembranous
Lamellar bone is bone that
is mature and is organized into thin sheets or layers
If the mineral salts are removed from a bone, what happens to the bone?
it becomes soft and rubbery
Some marrow of long bones is termed "red" marrow. The function of this is to
manufacture blood cells
Cancellous bone has spaces within that are deigned for the housing of
marrow and blood vessels
If a 12 year old were to fracture their epiphyseal plate, the result of the damage could be that the bone
may stop growing at the plate
All permanent connective tissues originate with the _______ of the embryo.
mesenchyme
Nervous tissue consists predominantly of two cell types:
neurons and neuroglia
The term "appositional growth" refers to bone growth that occurs
on the surface of cartilage, bone or older bone
When different varieties of tissues are associated to perform a function they form the structure known as ___________.
organ
Bone cells that manufacture new bone are known as
osteoblasts
The type of cells that brings about intramembranous ossification are
osteoblasts
In the process of bone remodeling, old bone is removed by
osteoclasts
Which of the following glands plays a major role in calcium homeostasis?
parathyroid
A tissue that surrounds a long bone, made of a double layer of connective tissue, is referred to as the
periosteum
Macrophages almost as abundant as fibroblasts are specialized in
phagocytosis
Which of the following is classified as a long bone?
phalanx
Collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers in connective tissues are formed by
proteins
The gel of the extracellular matrix is composed mostly of water and
proteoglycans
The epithelium that lines the trachea is called
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Blood cells are produced in hemopoietic tissue found in
red bone marrow
Which of the following is the most accurate definition of "bone remodeling"?
removal of old bone by osteoclasts and making of new bone by osteoblasts
Membranes lining body cavities that lack openings to the outside are called
serous
The various types of epithelium are classified by the
shape of cells and number of cell layers
The epithelium that lines the stomach and intestines is
simple columnar
Movement of food through the digestive tract results from the action of
smooth muscle
Muscle tissue cells are contractile, which means they
specialize in contraction and relaxation
Cancellous bone is often referred to as _____________ bone.
spongy
What type of bone tissue surrounds a medullary cavity?
spongy bone
A muscle that is not consciously controlled and has a banded appearance would be described as
stirated involuntary
Simple epithelium has one layer of cells on the basement membrane, ___________ epithelium has more than one layer of cells.
stratified
What is the function of neuroglial cells in nervous tissue?
support and bind nervous tissue together, provide nutrients to neurons
Cartilage tissues are likely to be slow in healing following an injury because
they lack direct blood supplies
Epithelial tissue is characterized by
tightly packed cells
Examples of bones that are "irregular" in shape are
vertebrae and some skull bones