ACID/BASE and Fluid Electrolytees

A client is admitted to the unit with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which insulin would the nurse expect to administer intravenously? NPH Regular Lente Glargine

regular

A client who is diagnosed with calcium oxalate stones is instructed to limit calcium intake. The client is instructed to consume ______ mg of calcium per day, or less, as part of dietary treatment. 1000 1250 1500 2000

1000

The weight of a client with congestive heart failure is monitored daily and entered into the medical record. In a 24-hour period, the client's weight increased by 2 lb. How much fluid is this client retaining? 500 ml 1 L 1500 ml 1250 ml

1l

A nurse is caring for a hospitalized infant being treated for dehydration. What does the nurse need to do to measure the output when the child is wearing a diaper? 1. Record the weight of the diapers that the baby uses in a 24-hour period. 2. Weigh the wet diaper and subtract the weight of a dry diaper; the difference is the amount to record. 3. There is no accurate way to measure the output of the infant wearing a diaper. 4. Weigh the baby on the scale with the wet diaper and then subtract the weight of the dry diaper.

2

The nurse is caring for a client in active labor who has had a fetal blood sampling to check for fetal hypoxia. The nurse determines that the fetus has acidosis when the pH is: 7.21. 7.20. 7.15 or less. 7.25 or more.

7.15 or less.

A client with a respiratory condition is receiving oxygen therapy. While assessing the client's PaO2, the nurse knows that the therapy has been effective based on which of the following readings? 45 mm Hg 120 mm Hg 84 mm Hg 58 mm Hg

84 mmhg

Insulin deficiency, increased levels of counter regulatory hormones, and dehydration are the primary causes of: glucosuria. diabetic ketoacidosis. ketone bodies. ketonuria.

DKA

The nurse is caring for a client with laboratory values indicating dehydration. Which clinical symptom is consistent with the dehydration?

Dark, concentrated urine

Which task can the licensed practical nurse (LPN) appropriately delegate to the nursing assistant? Obtaining vital signs on a client who has just returned from undergoing a colonoscopy Feeding a client for the first time after he has experienced a stroke Administering feedings through a nasogastric tube Encouraging a client to drink fluids

Encouraging a client to drink fluids

A client is being treated with intravenous antibiotics for pneumonia, a health problem that has been accompanied by production of copious, thick respiratory secretions. How can the nurse best reduce the viscosity (thickness) of the client's secretions? Administer oral corticosteroids as ordered Administer supplementary oxygen by nasal prongs at 1 to 2 L per minute Encourage the client to perform deep breathing exercises Ensure that the client's fluid intake is sufficient at all times

Ensure that the client's fluid intake is sufficient at all times

The nurse is reporting on the results of client blood work to the oncoming nurse. Upon reviewing the data, it is noted that the client has an elevated uric acid level. Which inflammatory process would the nurse screen for on shift rounds? Osteoporosis Rheumatoid arthritis Lupus erythematosus Gout

Gout

A client is being treated on the acute medical unit for acute pancreatitis. The nurse has identified a diagnosis of Ineffective Breathing Pattern Related to Pain. What intervention should the nurse perform in order to best address this diagnosis? Administer corticosteroids by nebulizer as prescribed. Perform oral suctioning as needed to remove secretions. Maintain the client in a semi-Fowler position whenever possible. Position the client supine to facilitate diaphragm movement.

Maintain the client in a semi-Fowler position whenever possible.

A client in the emergency department reports that he has been vomiting excessively for the past 2 days. His arterial blood gas analysis shows a pH of 7.50, partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) of 43 mm Hg, partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) of 75 mm Hg, and bicarbonate (HCO3-) of 42 mEq/L. Based on these findings, the nurse documents that the client is experiencing which type of acid-base imbalance? Metabolic acidosis Metabolic alkalosis Respiratory acidosis Respiratory alkalosis

Met Alk

The vagina is at risk for infection because of its location and because it opens to the outside of the body. What is a protective mechanism of the vagina to keep it from becoming infected? It maintains an alkaline pH of 7 to 8, which destroys invading bacteria. Normal vaginal pH is acidic (4 to 5), which protects from infection. Normal vaginal flora act as phagocytes of invading bacteria. It produces its own natural antibiotics

Normal vaginal pH is acidic (4 to 5), which protects from infection.

Which of the following arterial blood gas results would be consistent with metabolic alkalosis? pH 7.26 Serum bicarbonate of 28 mEq/L pH 7.30 Serum bicarbonate of 21 mEq/L

Serum bicarbonate of 28 mEq/L

The nurse is assessing a client who is hospitalized for dehydration from persistent vomiting. How would the nurse assess that the client's skin turgor is related to the state of dehydration? The nurse grasps the skin over the sternum between the thumb and forefinger with slow recoil observed. The client has wrinkles of the chest. The nurse grasps the skin over the sternum between the thumb and forefinger with rapid recoil of the skin observed. When the nurse pinches up skin of the hand, there is rapid recoil.

The nurse grasps the skin over the sternum between the thumb and forefinger with slow recoil observed.

The nursing students are learning about digoxin therapy in their pharmacology class. The students will learn that there is a higher risk of digoxin toxicity in patients with a) low serum sodium levels. b) low serum calcium levels. c) low serum potassium levels. d) low serum chloride levels.

c) low serum potassium levels.

The nurse is caring for a client in metabolic alkalosis. The client has an NG tube set to low intermittent suction for a diagnosis of bowel obstruction. What drug would the nurse expect to find on the medication prescriptions? Potassium chloride elixir Furosemide Maalox Cimetidine

cimetidine

The nurse is caring for a client who has a diagnosis of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). The plan of care includes assessment of specific gravity every 4 hours. The results of this test will allow the nurse to assess what aspect of the client's health?

fluid volume

Examination of a client's bladder stones reveal that they are primarily composed of uric acid. The nurse would expect to provide the client with which type of diet? Low oxalate High protein High sodium Low purine

low purine

The nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client with heart failure preparing to leave the following day. What type of diet should the nurse request the dietitian to discuss with the client? Low-sodium diet Low-cholesterol diet Low-fat diet Low-potassium diet

low sodium

The nurse is caring for a client admitted to the medical unit 72 hours ago with pyloric stenosis. A nasogastric tube placed upon admission has been on low intermittent suction ever since. Upon review of the morning's blood work, the nurse notices that the client's potassium is below reference range. The nurse should assess for signs and symptoms of what imbalance? Metabolic alkalosis Respiratory acidosis Metabolic acidosis Hypercalcemia

metabolic alkalosis

The nurse is caring for a client who is going to have an open renal biopsy. What nursing action should the nurse prioritize when preparing this client for the procedure?

npo

The nurse is analyzing the arterial blood gas (ABG) results of a client diagnosed with severe pneumonia. Which of the following ABG results indicates respiratory acidosis? pH: 7.42, PaCO2: 45 mm Hg, HCO3-: 22 mEq /L pH: 7.32, PaCO2: 40 mm Hg, HCO3-: 18 mEq/L pH: 7.50, PaCO2: 30 mm Hg, HCO3-: 24 mEq/L pH: 7.20, PaCO2: 65 mm Hg, HCO3-: 26 mEq/L

pH: 7.20, PaCO2: 65 mm Hg, HCO3-: 26 mEq/L

What is a major electrolyte in extracellular fluid that influences the distribution of water and maintains acid-base balance and nerve function? Potassium Calcium Phosphorus Sodium

potassium

The nurse is administering an insulin drip to a patient in ketoacidosis. What insulin does the nurse know is the only one that can be used intravenously? Regular Lantus Lispro NPH

regular

After being sick for 3 days, a client with a history of diabetes mellitus is admitted to the hospital with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The nurse should evaluate which diagnostic test results to prevent dysrhythmias? Serum sodium level Serum calcium level Serum potassium level Serum chloride level

serum potassium

The nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed medication for the treatment of hypertension. The nurse recognizes that which medication conserves potassium? Spironolactone Furosemide Chlorthalidone Chlorothiazide

spironolactone