Anatomy Chapter 6
True or false: The epidermis exhibits variations among different body regions within a single individual, as well as differences between individuals.
True
True or false: The reason the cells of the stratum spinosum have a spiny appearance when viewed under a microscope is due to shrinkage of the cytoplasm.
True
In the development of embryonic skin, the ____ layer gives rise to the epidermis, and the _____ gives rise to the dermis.
basal; mesenchyme
Hemangiomas are ______ tumors.
benign
In the second step of wound healing, a ______ forms.
blood clot
Each nail plate consists of a pinkish nail ______ and a distal whitish free ______.
body; edge
Keratinocytes in the epidermis produce ______ when exposed to UV radiation.
cholecalciferol
Nails are derived from the same type of cells that produce the stratum ______ layer of the epidermis.
corneum
The stratum ______ consists of about 20 to 30 layers of dead, scaly, interlocking keratinized cells.
corneum
There are four layers of cells in the epidermis of thin skin. From superficial to deep, these layers are stratum ______, stratum ______, stratum ______, and stratum basale.
corneum; granulosum; spinosum
The exposed parts of nails and hair are composed of _______ keratinocytes.
dead
The dermis is ______ to the epidermis and contains primarily ______.
deep; collagen fibers
In addition to keratinocytes, the stratum spinosum also contains another epidermal cell type called epidermal ______ cells that help to fight infection
dendritic
Motile cells in the dermis are called ______ cells.
dendritic
In the second step of wound healing, a blood clot temporarily patches the ______ of the wound together and acts as a barrier to prevent the entry of ______ into the body.
edges; pathogens
The most superficial layer of the integument is the ______.
epidermis
Apocrine and merocrine sweat glands release their secretory products by the process of ______.
exocytosis
true or false: The palms of the hands have more hair than the soles of the feet.
false
In the layer of the epidermis called the stratum ______ , the process of keratinization begins.
granulosum
Normal skin color results from a combination of colors of ______, melanin, and carotene.
hemoglobin
Sebaceous glands are classified as ______ glands that discharge an oily, waxy secretion called ______.
holocrine; sebum
The subcutaneous layer is also known as the ______ or superficial fascia.
hypodermis
The cells of the stratum corneum contain large amounts of the protein ______.
keratin
The most numerous cells of the epidermis are _______ and the protein they produce is called ______
keratinocytes; keratin
During our lives, we produce three kinds of hair: _____ , _____ , _____ and hair.
lanugo, vellus, terminal
periderm
layer of cells covering the developing embryonic epithelium
mesenchyme
layer of embryonic cells that develops into the dermis
Thermoregulation is a major function of ______ sweat glands.
merocrine
The two types of sweat glands in the skin are ______ sweat glands and ______ sweat glands.
merocrine; apocrine
The most superficial layer of the dermis is the ______ layer.
papillary
The two layers of the dermis are the ______ layers.
papillary and reticular
The secretion produced by apocrine sweat glands is viscous, cloudy, and composed of ______ and ______ that are acted upon by bacteria, producing a distinct, noticeable odor.
proteins; lipids
The connective tissue fibers of the ______ layer of the dermis are extensively interwoven with those of the ______ layer to stabilize the position of the skin and bind it to the underlying tissues.
reticular; subcutaneous
A blood clot forms during the ______ stage of wound healing.
second
When compressed, tactile cells release chemicals that stimulate ______ endings in the dermis.
sensory nerve
Apocrine sweat glands are classified as ______ glands
simple, coiled, and tubular
Merocrine sweat glands are classified as ______ glands that release their secretion onto the surface of the skin.
simple, coiled, and tubular
As an individual ages, the skin repair processes take longer to complete because of the reduced number and activity of ______ cells.
stem
In aging skin, the reduced ______ cell activity in the epidermis results in ______ skin that is less likely to protect against mechanical trauma.
stem; thinner
Skin is classified as either thick or thin based on two parameters: the number of epidermal _____ in the epidermis and the relative ______ of the epidermis, rather than the thickness of the entire integument.
strata; thickness
Classify the tissue type of the epidermis: keratinized ______ epithelium.
stratified squamous
The layer of the skin from which most new epidermal cells are derived from is the ______.
stratum basale
The most superficial layer of the epidermis is the ______.
stratum corneum
The secretion from merocrine sweat glands is carried to the surface of the epidermis via ______. The secretions of apocrine sweat glands are carried into ______.
sweat ducts; hair follicles
On many parts of the body, the components of the dermis include blood vessels, ______ glands, _____ glands, hair follicles, nail roots, sensory nerve endings, and smooth muscle tissue.
sweat; sebaceous
The skin houses two types of general exocrine glands, which are ______ glands and ______ glands.
sweat; sebaceous
Scattered among the cells of the stratum basale are cells that are sensitive to touch. These sensory cells are called ______.
tactile cells
Differences in hair density are due primarily to differences in its ______ and ______.
texture; pigmentation
The major function of merocrine sweat glands is ______.
thermoregulation
The stratum lucidum is found only in ______.
thick skin
______ skin contains the following accessories: nails, hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.
thin
The delivery of drugs through the skin through the use of an adhesive patch is called ______ administration.
transdermal
The skin is best described as ______.
water resistant
vernix caseosa
waterproof protective covering composed of sebum and sloughed off cells
The epidermis of thick skin ranges between ______ millimeters thick.
0.4 and 0.6
In first-degree burns, the healing time averages about ______ days, and typically no scarring results.
3-5
______ layers of keratinocytes comprise the stratum granulosum.
3-5
The main function of melanin pigment is to protect the _____ of keratinocytes from UV radiation
DNA
______ lubricates the epidermis and hair and helps make the integument water resistant.
Sebum
______ glands are also called sweat glands.
Sudoriferous
True or false: Regeneration in the skin replaces damaged or dead cells with the same cell type and restores organ function. True false question.
True
True or false: Skin cancer can develop in people of any age.
True
True or false: The amount of melanin in the skin is determined by both heredity and light exposure.
True
In the first step of wound healing, blood brings ______ proteins, numerous white blood cells, and antibodies to the site.
clotting
The predominant type of protein fiber found in the dermis is ______.
collagen
Which organs are involved in making calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D?
liver, skin, kidneys
The first three strata of the epidermis consists of ______ keratinocytes and the most superficial strata contain ______ keratinocytes.
living; dead
As an individual ages, skin repair processes take ______.
longer
In thick skin, there is an extra layer of epidermal cells. This layer is called the stratum ______.
lucidum
The main functions of the subcutaneous layer are which of the following?
protects the body, acts as an energy reservoir, provides thermal insulation