Animal Nutrition FINAL

Feed intake in fish ___

Can be impacted by body size

Glycolipids are esters of fatty acids with an alcohol that contains a ___ unit

Carbohydrate

The synthesis of ___ from non-carbohydrate sources such as amino acids is called "gluconeogenesis"

Carbohydrates (glucose)

Which of the following is a component of amino acids

Carboxyl group + amino group

Which of the following shows the correct anatomical order of mucosal tissue lining the stomach from the esophagus

Cardiac-Fundus-Pylori

Cellulose is digested by the action of enzyme called ___ , which is produced by rumen or gut microflora

Cellulase

All of the following hormones decrease the feed intake of animals, except (gastrin, ghrelin, peptide YY (PYY), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP 1))

Ghrelin

During ___ , glucose is synthesized from non-carbohydrate sources such as amino acids

Gluconeogenesis

Complete starch digestion in the small intestine will result in production of ___ that can be absorbed by brush border (intestinal epithelial cells)

Glucose

Lactose is disaccharide with 1 molecule of ___ and 1 molecule of galactose

Glucose

Monosaccharide units of sucrose

Glucose + Fructose

Pyruvate is produced during glycolysis of glucose and enter ___ in mitochondria for production of ATP

Krebs cycle

Which of the following reactions occur in mitochondria

Krebs cycle and electron transport chain

For inclusion of a certain feedstuff in the diet, ___ of that should be considered

Levels of toxins, Palatability, Cost

T/F The "parietal cells (oxyntic cells)" of stomach produce hydrochloric acid (HCl)

True

T/F The NRC feeding standards do not factor the individual differences among animals

True

T/F The best time for feeding young animals with colostrum is within a few hours after birth

True

T/F The higher the caloric density of diet the lower the feed intake

True

T/F The rumen pH in ruminants can be maintained at appropriate levels with contribution of saliva, which functions as a strong buffer

True

T/F Triglycerides are the storage form of fat in animal's body

True

T/F Urea cycle mainly occurs in the liver and is a process for the removal of ammonia from the body

True

T/F Vitamin B6 is important for making red blood cells

True

T/F Vitamin B6 is required for protein and amino acid metabolism

True

T/F Vitamin B6 plays a role in function of insulin

True

All of the following digestive enzymes are produced by the small intestine, except (trypsinogen, maltase, lactase, sucrase)

Trypsinogen

Which of the following is an energy-producing nutrient

(All) Protein, Carbohydrate, Lipid

The physical and chemical properties of triglycerides are influenced by

1. Chain length of the fatty acids 2. Number of double bonds in the fatty acids

The amino acid composition of proteins is influenced by

1. Genetic mutations 2. Protein source (animal vs. plant)

Which of the following influence the animal's nutrient requirements

1. The level of production 2. Age of the animal

Which of the following is the product of bacterial fermentation of feed in cecum and colon

1. Volatile fatty acids 2. Some of amino acids and vitamins

Vitamin A deficiency can cause

1. Xeropthalmia 2. Exophthalmia 3. Night blindness

International units are used to express the requirements of vitamin

A

The enzyme rennin is

A proteolytic enzyme

Amino acids are absorbed to small intestine through

Active transport

Leptin is secreted from ___ and ___ feed intake

Adipose tissue - decreases

Which of the following is classified as a nutrient (vitamins, inorganic elements, water)

All of the above

Which of the following molecules is classified as "sterol" (cholesterol, vitamin D, bile acids)

All of the above

The digestive enzyme of saliva is named ___ , which digests soluble carbohydrates such as starch

Amylase

Which of the following can influence the feed intake of animals

Animal species, Body weight, Environmental factors

The nutrient requirements of animals are influenced by

Animals species / age / productivity

The deficiency signs of cobalt is similar to deficiency signs of vitamin

B12

Submaxillary salivary glands are located at

Base of tongue

The deficiency of ___ in animal's body will result in decrease in enzyme "Ceruloplasmin" concentration, anemia and a condition called "sway-back"

Copper (Cu)

Trypsinogen is a proenzyme (inactive enzyme), which is converted to its active form -trypsin- by enzyme ___ produced by intestinal mucosa

Enterokinase

T/F Bile is produced in gall bladder

False

T/F Emulsification of fats mainly occurs in the stomach

False

T/F Feed is any edible material that provides nutrients to humans

False

T/F The "nonessential nutrients" are not synthesized in sufficient amount in animal's body so they are required in the diet

False

T/F The enzyme cellulase, which hydrolyzes the glucose-4-beta-glucoside linkage of cellulose is primarily synthesized by intestinal mucosal cells rather than gut microflora

False

T/F The limitation of feeding animals with silage is its low palatability

False

T/F)Omnivores such as pigs have comparatively shorter small intestine than carnivores such as dogs

False

T/F Short-chain fatty acids are converted to triglycerides in intestinal cells before absorption

False, the are absorbed to the portal system in the small intestine

According to "compensatory growth" concept, energy restricted animals will have a ___ growth rate if they are fed with adequate diets

Fast

Which of the following is NOT the product of bacterial fermentation in cecum and colon (water-soluble vitamins, some amino acids, fat-soluble vitamins, volatile fatty acids)

Fat-soluble vitamins

What components do make the triglycerides

Fatty acids and glycerol

Fats can be stored in the body during which cycle

Feast cycle

Sucrase breaks down sucrose to ___ and glucose

Fructose

The ___ of feed samples is measured by bomb calorimeter

Gross energy

All of the following are components of maintenance energy, except (growth, basal metabolism, thermic effect of food, physical activity)

Growth

In stomach, ___ allows the conversion inactive pepsinogen to active pepsin

HCl

Macro- and micro-elements make the ___ compounds of animal feed

Inorganic

The requirements of animals for vitamins A, D, and E are expressed by

International units (IU)

Stillbirths, abortions, resorbed fetuses, dry skin and brittle hair are signs of ___ deficiency

Iodine

Copper deficiency may cause anemia in animals as the copper function is related with metabolism of

Iron

In ruminants, saliva ___

Is the source of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sodium

Nutrient absorption mainly occurs in ___ and ileum segments of small intestine

Jejunum

Which of the following fatty acids is an essential fatty acid

Linoleic acid, Arachidonic acid, Linolenic acid

The ___ in an enzyme, which is present in the endothelium (wall) of blood vessels and is involved in digestion of ___

Lipoprotein Lipase - Lipoproteins

All of the following are true digestive organs, except (stomach, small intestine, liver, large intesine)

Liver

Which of the following organs store the highest amount of vitamin A in animal's body

Liver

Which of the following nutrients are inorganic compounds of animal feed (macro-elements, vitamins, micro-elements)

Macro-elements, Micro-elements

Which of the following enzymes is produced in small intestine and is involved in carbohydrate digestion

Maltase

Emulsification of fats by bile can form structures in gastrointestinal tract that are called ___ , which improves the digestion of fats

Micelle

All of the following are organic compounds in animal feed, except (proteins, vitamin, micro-elements, carbohydrates)

Micro-elements

Carbohydrates need to be converted to ___ before they can be absorbed in the small intestine

Monosaccharides

The ___ nutrients can be synthesized in animal's body and are not required to be added in the diet when we keep the animals at the maintenance level

Nonessential

Palatability of feed is influenced by its

Odor, Texture, Temperature

Deformation of bones due to deficiency of calcium in adult animals is called

Osteomalacia

Saliva is secreted from three pairs of glands including 1) ___ , 2) sub-maxillary, 3) sublingual

Parotid

The glucose is transported from intestinal fluid in the gut to capillary cells by ___ mechanisms

Passive diffusion

All of the following are proteolytic enzymes of pancreas, except (pepsin, trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, procarboxypeptidase)

Pepsin

Which of the following is a proteolytic enzyme secreted from the stomach

Pepsin

The ___ cells in fundus region of the stomach produce proteolytic enzymes such as pepsin

Peptic

The ____ cells of the fundus gland region of stomach produce proteolytic enzymes

Peptic (body chief or chief)

Chylomicrons are mix of lipids (triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol) and ___

Proteins

Which of the following organs is usually considered the "true stomach" of birds and is responsible for secretion of gastric juice (crop, proventriculus, gizzard, abomasum)

Proventriculus

The active form of vitamin A is called

Retinol

Chylomicrons leave the enterocytes by ___ and enter the lacteals

Reverse pinocytosis

The ___ is part of enzyme "glutathione peroxidase", which catabolizes the peroxides producing from tissue lipid oxidations

Selenium (Se)

Which of the following hormones stimulates the secretion of IGF-1

Somatotropin

All of the following are associated digestive organs, except (liver, pancreas, salivary glands, stomach)

Stomach

The coenzyme form of vitamin B1 is

TPP

Molybdenum toxicity can cause diarrhea in cattle, a condition which is called

Teart

The palatability of feed is determined by its

Texture, Taste, Odor

T/F Silage is commonly used for dairy cows

True

During moderate nutrients deficiency in pregnancy, mother's body will give

The whole priority to fetus

Which of the following statements is correct about "rennin and pepsin"

They are produced in stomach and have proteolytic functions

The carrier of iron in blood is called

Transferrin

Adipose tissue mainly stores

Triglycerides

T/F Active immunity is acquired from the antibodies produced in the animal's body

True

T/F Amylolytic enzymes are associated with carbohydrates digestion, but lipolytic enzymes are related with lipids digestion

True

T/F Both low temperatures and low humidity increase the feed intake

True

T/F Cardiac and pylori regions of stomach mainly produce mucus to protect the lining of the stomach from gastric secretions

True

T/F Glucagon stimulates the synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources (gluconeogenesis) when the level of blood sugar is low

True

T/F Linear chain of glucose molecules from amylose, while both linear and branched chain of glucose molecules make amylopectin

True

T/F Na-Glucose cotransporters transport the glucose against its concentration gradient from gut lumen to epithelial cells

True

T/F One main product of silage is lactic acid

True

T/F Silage can reduce the amount of toxic materials in forage

True

Cobalt (Co) functions as a component of

Vitamin B12

All of the following can mitigate the lead toxicity, except (vitamin E, vitamin D, iron, calcium)

Vitamin D

Mercury toxicity could be prevented by increasing the level of dietary ___

Vitamin E

The products of digestion of cellulose in the digestive tract are

Volatile fatty acids

The ___ makes up the majority of body composition in adult mammals

Water

Parakeratosis in pig is a sign of ___ deficiency

Zinc (Zn)

Which of the following minerals is required for normal bone formation

Zinc, Copper, Manganese