AP Bio Questions from Prep Book: Topic 2
Using the same figure and assumption as for question 10, what effect will the movement of the sugar have on the water level in the tubes?
A) The water level will go up in side A
An ATP-powered pump that transports a specific solute can indirectly drive the active transport of another solute in a mechanism called cotransport. This is shown in the figure above. The cotransporter protein is able to use the diffusion of H⁺ ions down their electrochemical gradient into the cell to drive the uptake of sucrose into the cell. By what process are H⁺ ions beings moved in this figure?
A) active transport
Which of the following process could result in the net movement of a substance into a cell if the substance is more concentrated in the cell than in the surroundings?
A) active transport
Which figure depicts an animal cell placed in a solution hypotonic to the cell?
A) cell A
If the S phase were eliminated from the cell cycle, the daughter cells would
A) have half the genetic material found in the parent cell
These organelles are not found in red blood cells but are present in large numbers in muscle cells
A) mitochondria
In cell signaling, how is the flow of specific ions regulated?
A) opening and closing of ligand-gated ion channels
Which of the following component molecules of the plasma membrane is most important in the reception phases of cell signaling?
A) protein
Look at the same figure, but let's assume the membrane is not freely permeable to both glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and sucrose (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁) but only to the smaller of the two sugars. Now what results would you predict?
B) Glucose will diffuse from side B to side A
What is a G protein?
B) a protein on the cytoplasm side of a membrane that becomes activated by a receptor protein
Based on the figure above, how might that rate of sucrose into the cell be increased?
B) decrease the extracellular pH
Large molecules are moved out of the cell by which of the following processes?
B) exocytosis
An organelle with a cis or trans face, which acts of the packaging and secreting center of the cell
B) golgi apparatus
Salivary glands produce a large quantity of enzymes, which are transported out of the secretory cells. Which of the following organelles would be in abundance in these cells?
B) ribosomes
If you shut the system off and pressure was no longer applied to Tank A, you would expect
B) the water to reverse flow from Tank B to Tank A
Earl Sutherland reviewed the Nobel Prize for his discovery of cAMP as a second messenger. Which observation suggested to Sutherland the involvement of a second messenger in epinephrine's effect on liver cells?
C) Glycogen breakdown was observed only when epinephrine was administered to intact cells
White blood cells (WBCs) are more resistant to lysis than red blood cells (RBCs). When looking at a sample of blood for WBCs, what could you do to reduce interference from RBCs?
C) Mix the blood in a hypotonic solution, which will cause the RBCs to lyse.
Protein phosphorylation is commonly involved with all of the following EXCEPT
C) activation of G protein-coupled receptors
After the reverse osmosis system has been operating for 30 minutes, the solution in Tank A would
C) be hypertonic to Tank B
Which two figures show a cell that is hypertonic to its environment?
C) cell A and D
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have all of the following structures in common EXCEPT
C) linear chromosomes
Large membrane-bound structures that contain hydrolytic-enzymes and that are found predominantly in animal cells
C) lysosomes
Many signal transduction pathways use second messengers to
C) relay the message from the inside of the membrane throughout the cytoplasm
Insulin is a protein synthesized in the cytoplasm of pancreas cells and then transported to the plasma membrane where it enters the bloodstream. Which of the following summarizes the pathways for insulin though a pancreatic cell?
C) rough ER → Golgi body → vesicle → plasma membrane
Cells of the pancreas will incorporate radioactively labeled amino acids into proteins. This "tagging" of newly synthesized proteins enables a researcher to track their location. In this case, we are tracking an enzyme secreted by pancreatic cells. What is its most likely pathway?
D) ER → Golgi apparatus → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane
The drawing above shows to solutions of glucose and sucrose in a U-tube containing a semipermeable membrane (which allows the passage of sugars). Which of the following accurately describes what will take place next?
D) Glucose will diffuse from side B to side A
Which of the following can activate a protein by transferring a phosphate group to it?
D) protein kinase
An organelle that is characterized by extensive, folded membranes and is abundant in cells that detoxify poisons such as liver cells
D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Which of the following uses passive transport, without protein channels, to move materials across the cell membrane?
D) the movement of carbon dioxide across the cell membrane
