APES: Energy
Atom
A different # of protons means that it is a different ____.
B
A major factor in the conversion from fossil fuels to renewable forms of energy is A. money. B. infrastructure. C. access to renewable forms. D. a lack of technology to develop renewable forms.
Small pellets
After enrichment, what is uranium produced into?
U-235; refined
Because there is so little __-____, uranium must be _______ after it is mined. (Enrichment; uses lots of energy)
A
Control rods in a nuclear reactor are used to A. absorb neutrons. B. move fuel rods around in the chamber. C. provide neutrons to initiate reactions. D. provide cooling by decreasing the temperature of the water. E. increase the temperature of the water.
The climate was mild. Vast swamps covered much of the land. Dead plant material decayed slowly.
Describe earth 300 million years ago.
Fission occurs in the reactor core and the heat that is produced is used to produce steam from liquid water in the steam generator. The turbine then uses the steam to generate electricity. The condenser then cools the steam converting it back into a liquid.
Describe the process of how electricity is produced from nuclear energy.
A
Energy is measured in what units? A. Joule B. Power C. Calorie D. Amps
True
Energy is the capacity to do work. TRUE/FALSE?
A
For much of the past decade battles have been going on over oil and gas drilling in A. the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. B. the Everglades National Wildlife Refuge. C. Buffalo Commons Wildlife Refuge. D. Yellowstone National Park. E. All of these are correct.
B
Fossil fuels currently supply about ____ percent of all world commercial energy supplies. A. 95 B. 87 C. 75 D. 50 E. 33
Boiling point
How are hydrocarbons in crude oil (petroleum) are separated?
Heat, pressure and time turned the plant material into carbon-rich rock (coal)
How is coal formed?
Formed the same way as oil but temperature are over 100 degrees C
How is natural gas formed?
Sediment deposited over microscopic plants . Heat, pressure and time turned them into hydrocarbons (oil)
How is oil formed?
3
How many isotopes does Uranium have?
Isotope; majority are radioactive
If actual atomic mass is greater than normal atomic mass (which is usually caused by a greater number of neutrons), this results in a...?
Lignite, Subbituminous, Bituminous, Antracite
List the coal types from lowest quality/cheapest to highest quality/expensive.
B
Most of our energy waste in North America results from A. a failure to turn off lights. B. technological inefficiency. C. the fact that more efficient energy conversion is not possible. D. overwhelming public ignorance of conservation issues. E. the fact that energy conservation techniques are quite expensive.
D
Most of the world's nuclear reactors are of the _____________ type. A. graphite B. MAGNOX C. RBMK D. pressurized water (PWR) E. pebble bed
B
Most useful oil deposits are usually found A. in a liquid pool under a layer of impermeable shale. B. saturating porous rocks, like water in a sponge. C. locked in the mineral structure of a rock formation. D. in pools on the earth's surface, where geologic pressures have forced them to collect. E. in small pools directly above the bedrock.
Less
Natural gas has ____ hydrocarbons than crude oil. (Methane, ethane, propane, butane)
=
Normally, # of protons ___ # of electrons
B
Nuclear power provides about _____ percent of the US energy supply. A. 3 B. 9 C. 12 D. 23 E. 37
Atomic number
Number of protons in an atom
Structural
Oil and natural gas both are located in __________ traps. They migrate upwards until they hit impermeable rock.
60%, 23%, 63%
Oil and natural gas provide ___% of the world's energy. ___% of US's energy is provided by coal, and ___% is provided by oil and gas.
Heating and vehicles
Oil is primarily used for what?
Isotopes
Same elements that differ in atomic mass
D
Sweden, Denmark, and Switzerland have higher standards of living by most measures than Americans or Canadians A. because their energy consumption is much greater. B. because they are closer to energy supplies. C. even though their energy use is about equal to ours. D. even though their energy use is much less than ours. E. None of these. Sweden, Denmark, and Switzerland do not have higher standards of living compared to Americans or Canadians.
True
T/F: Natural gas is cleaner than oil or coal.
Synfuels
Tar sands Oil shales Gas hydrates Liquefied coal Coal gas These are all examples of...?
C
The US Department of Energy plans to deposit high-level nuclear waste at _________________ for long term storage. A. Las Cruces, New Mexico B. Carson City, Nevada C. Yucca Mountain, Nevada D. Tempe, Arizona E. Death Valley, California
D
The United States, making up less than 5 percent of the world's population, uses more than ___ of the world's commercial energy production. A. 9/10 B. 2/3 C. 1/2 D. 1/4 E. 1/3
True
The largest oil supply in the Americas comes from tar sands. TRUE/FALSE?
B
The most likely disaster in a nuclear power plant is that A. the plant would explode like a nuclear bomb. B. cooling systems could fail, causing rapid overheating. C. fuel rods could fail to maintain chain reactions. D. nuclear fusion would get out of control and cause explosions. E. All of these are equally likely.
Low
The probability for nuclear power plant accidents is ___ but if it occurs the effects are widespread and long-lasting
Atomic mass
The sum of the protons and the neutrons in an atom
C
Transportation consumes about ______ percent of all energy used in the US each year. A. 13 B. 20 C. 27 D. 33 E. 39
Pu-239
U-238 can be converted to __-___ which is human-made and fissionable.
Radioisotopes
Unstable isotopes that are said to be radioactive b/c they spontaneously release radiation
25%
What % does the U.S. have of the world's coal supplies?
A liquid or gaseous fuel that is synthesized from coal and other naturally occurring sources. It is used in place of oil or natural gas
What are synfuels?
Surface/Subsurface mining
What are the 2 types of coal mining?
-Increase carbon dioxide and pollutant emissions (nitrogen oxides/photochemical smog) -Disturbance to land and habitat
What are the environmental impacts of oil and natural gas?
-How many more deposits will be located -What technology might be available to extract deeper resources -Changes in global consumption rates
What are the factors that determine how long will fossil fuels last?
Reactor core, steam generator, turbine, and condensor
What are the four main parts of a nuclear power plant?
Industry 42%, Buildings 33%, Transportation 25%
What are the statistics for energy consumption in the U.S.?
Requires filling (reclaiming) of surface mines after mining which was expensive Reduces Acid Mine Drainage Requires permits and inspections of active coal mining sights Prohibits coal mining in sensitive areas
What did the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 do?
-Exxon Valdez hit a reef and spilled 260,000 barrels of crude oil -Led to Oil Pollution Act of 1990
What is the 1989 Alaskan Oil Spill?
Increase Energy Efficiency and Conservation Secure Future Fossil Fuel Energy Supplies Develop Alternative Energy Sources Meet the First Three Objectives Without Further Damage to the Environment
What is the US Energy Strategy?
Deepwater Horizon 2010
What is the largest oil spill in history?
Uranium ore
What is the mineral used in conventional nuclear power plants?
Tritium
What is the only radioisotope of hydrogen?
Mercury, Sulfur oxide, Nitrogen oxide, CO2, and other greenhouse gases
What pollutants does the burning of coal release into the atmosphere?
Asia and Oceania
Where are most of the coal reserves located?
Russia and Iran
Where are most of the natural gas reserves located? (both countries make up 48%)
Middle east
Where are most of the oil reserves located?
Australia and Kazakhstan
Where is the majority of uranium found?
Breeder reactor; during fission, the bombardment releases more neutrons causing more chain reactions
Which can produce more energy: Breeder reactor or traditional reactor? Why?
Canada
Which country has the most energy consumption per capita?
Oil
Which is the most used fossil fuel?
A
Which of the following statements is false? A. Improving standards of living have been repeatedly demonstrated to require increased energy consumption. B. An average house built today requires only half the energy used by a new home in 1974. C. For an average home, standby appliances consume up to 25% of the electricity used in a month. D. Most potential heat from fuel is lost as waste heat. E. All of these are true.
C
Which of the following statements is true? A. World coal reserves are substantially smaller than petroleum reserves. B. The fossil fuel most readily available and abundant in the United States and Canada is petroleum. C. The United States has only enough proven oil supplies to last 4 years at current rates of consumption. D. World coal reserves are only large enough to provide power for about 100 years. E. Under normal operating conditions, you are likely to get a higher dose of radiation living next to a nuclear plant than a coal-burning plant.
Sodium can explode in water
Why is using liquid sodium as a coolant dangerous?
D
Worldwide, coal deposits are A. widespread but rarely in economic quantities. B. relatively difficult to find. C. highly unusual formations. D. widespread and extensive. E. decreasing at alarming rates.
A
_________ can easily be moved across land in pipelines, but must be transported in special refrigerated ships to move across oceans. A. Natural gas B. Anthracite C. Light oil D. Methanol E. Heavy crude
