AP Psychology Ch 3. part II

Which brain area is primarily involved with controlling speech?

Broca's area

Serotonin

Low levels of this neurotransmitter are associated with depression

The best way to detect enlarged fluid-filled brain regions in some patients who have schizophrenia is to use a(n)

MRI

Which of the following best describes how the brain processes and controls language?

Subfunctions of speech (such as producing speech, reading aloud, and understanding speech) are processed by different parts of the brain

acetylcholine

This neurotransmitter is used by motor neurons to make muscles fire.

Transferring messages from a motor neuron to a leg muscle requires the neurotransmitter known as

acetylcholine

The brains of patients with Parkinson's disease have little dopamine. Drugs used to treat such patients bind to dopamine receptors, thereby stimulating those receptors. These drugs would be considered

agonists

Botulin is a poison with a molecular structure so similar to acetylcholine (ACh) that it blocks the effects of ACh in synapses, making botulin which kind of molecule?

antagonist

Neurotransmitters are released from vesicles located on knoblike terminals at the end of the

axon

The part of a neuron that transmits neural messages to other neurons or to muscles or glands is called the

axon

Professor Seif conducts research on the relationship between the limbic system and sexual motivation. Her research interests best represent the psychological speciality known as

biological psychology

While mapping the motor cortex, researchers Foerster and Penfield found that

body areas requiring the greatest control occupied the greatest amount of cortical space

Ellen volunteers during AP psychology class to try to balance a yardstick on her two fingers. While her eyes are open, she finds the task quite easy. However, when she closes her eyes, she finds the same task almost impossible. Which brain region relies on visual information in coordinating our voluntary movements?

cerebellum

The thin surface layer of interconnected neural cells that covers the cerebrum is called the

cerebral cortex

Split-brain patients have had their _______ surgically cut.

corpus callosum

In transmitting sensory information to the brain, an electrical signal travels from the _______ of a single neuron.

dendrites to the cell body to the axon

A brain lesion refers to _______ of brain tissue.

destruction

When looking at a flying bird, we are consciously aware of our cognitive processing("It's a bird!") but not of our subconscious processing of the bird's form, color, distance, and movement . This illustrates what psychologists call

dual processing

Hormones are the chemical messengers of the

endocrine system

In 1848, Phineas Gage, a railroad construction foreman, survived when an explosion drove an iron rod through his head. The once friendly, a soft-spoken Gage became irritable and dishonest. Gage's case provided evidence that which region of the brain plays a role in personality and behavior?

frontal lobe

Surgical destruction of brain tissue is called a(n)

lesion

A football quarterback can simultaneously make calculations of receiver distances, player movements, and gravitational forces. This best illustrates the activity of multiple

neural networks

While relaxing in a lawn chair enjoying a cool drink, which of the following triggers the "rest-and-digest" response, as your heart rate slows and digestion begins?

parasympathetic nervous system

Stimulated digestion is to inhibited digestion as the _______ nervous system is to the ________ nervous system.

parasympathetic; sympathetic

Motor neurons are to the _______ nervous system as interneurons are to the _______ nervous system.

peripheral; central

The nineteenth-century theory that bumps on the skull reveal a person's abilities and traits is called

phrenology

The capacity of one brain area to take over the functions of another damaged brain area is known as brain

plasticity

After Kato's serious motorcycle accident, doctors detected damage to his cerebellum. Kato is most likely to have difficulty

playing his guitar

Resting potential is to action potential as _______ is to _______.

polarization; depolarization

Choose the correct answer to fill in each blank

resting potential Na+ axon hillock action potential myelin sheath exocytosis reuptake

The goal of constraint-induced therapy is to

rewire damaged brains by forcing patients to use a nonfunctioning limb

A failure to recognize that one's arm or leg is part of one's self is most likely to be associated with damage to the

right hemisphere

As you are reading this question, the cells in your eyes are firing in response to the light coming from this paper. Which type of neuron is carrying this message to the brain?

sensory

Damage to the left cerebral hemisphere is most likely to reduce people's ability to

speak fluently

When the cat's amygdala is electrically stimulated the cat prepares to attack by hissing and arching it back. Which division of the autonomic nervous system is activated by such stimulation?

sympathetic

Psychoactive drugs interfere with normal neural transmission. Where does this interference take place?

synapse

Sir Charles Sherrington observed that impulses took more time to travel a neural pathway than he might have anticipated. His observation provided evidence for the existence of

synaptic gaps

Which brain structure receives information from all the senses except smell?

thalamus

Sheelah was able to jerk her hand out of the scalding water before sensing any pain because this withdrawal reflex

was activated by interneurons in her spinal cord