apes unit 1 part 3

Based on the data in the table, if the number of snakes were to suddenly decrease, which of the following changes would most likely occur in the food web of this ecosystem?

(A) increase in number of shrews, decrease in number of hawks

Which environment is characterized by the highest diversity of tree species?

(B) graph - high precipitation and steady temperature

Which environment is most likely to be characterized by dry scrub with frequent fires?

(C) graph - low precipitation and high temperature

In a given ecosystem, producers convert solar energy into 15,000 kcal of chemical energy stored in organic compounds. Which of the following is the most likely amount of energy available to secondary consumers?

150 kcal

Based on the laws of thermodynamics, which of the following is the applied mathematical routine used to estimate the biomass of the mice in the pyramid?

18,705 kg x 0.10 x 0.10

The net primary production of a pine forest on a lava flow on Mount Fuji is about 175,000 kcal/m2/yr, and the plant respiration is estimated to be 115,000 kcal/m2/yr. What is the total amount of energy transferred during photosynthesis for this ecosystem?

290,000 kcal/m2/yr

Which of the following best explains why terrestrial trophic pyramids usually do not have levels higher than tertiary consumers?

A large proportion of energy is lost as heat as it is transferred up the pyramid, so there is not enough energy available to support another level.

The graphs above show average temperature and precipitation for four biomes- Identify the biome for each graph above.

A- Tundra B- Desert C- Shrubland D- Tropical Rainforest

Organisms adapted to surviving in water with the widest range of salinity would most likely be native species in which of the following marine environments?

An estuary within a lagoon

The graphs above show average temperature and precipitation for four biomes-Describe one human impact on ONE of the biomes.

Deforestation including, clear cutting, controlled burns, and logging, is one of the biggest threats to tropical rainforests. This destroys the forest and the habitat for many organisms.

The graph shows the relative solar energy received at local noon each day of the year at two different locations. Assuming all other variables are constant, which of the following is the most likely conclusion about the greatest potential for gross primary productivity that can be supported by data in the graph?

Gross primary productivity in Location 1 is greater than that in Location 2 in March.

Which of the following best describes gross primary productivity in an ecosystem?

Gross primary productivity is the total amount of solar energy captured by producers through photosynthesis over time.

Based on the data in the table, which of the following pairs of organisms has two ecological relationships, both competition and predation?

Hawks and snakes

The terrestrial biomes shown in the diagram above vary in net primary productivity. The explanation for the variation includes which of the following?

I and II only

Which of the following best describes a symbiotic relationship?

Intestinal bacteria inhabit the gut of humans.

Five different species of warblers, seed-eating birds, live in the same species of conifer trees. All of the birds migrate to coniferous forests during the summer, and different species reside in different areas in the same tree. They feed on the seeds of the conifer trees, but the different species do not mate with each other. Which of the following best explains why the different warbler species can all have habitats in the same conifer trees?

Resource partitioning of the seeds reduces competition, and the five different species can live in the same tree.

The thick forest of this biome tends to be well adapted to short growing seasons.

Taiga

In a fish species, the number of eggs that hatch and survive for one year varies depending on the number of eggs that were produced. As the number of eggs produced increases past a threshold number, the survival rate of the offspring decreases. Which of the following statements best explains why only a limited number of offspring can survive in a fish population?

The chance of survival decreases when there is intraspecific competition for resources among surviving yearlings.

In 1960, an invasive fly was introduced to the Galapagos islands. Based on the table, which of the following claims about the relationship between the tree finch and the invasive fly is best supported?

The flies and finches have a commensal relationship; finches provide a home for the fly, but finches are not affected by the presence of the fly.

The feeding relationships between several marine organisms are shown in the food web below. Based on the diagram, which of the following best describes the most likely direct effect of a decline of the small fish population on the marine food web?

The jellyfish population will increase because of decreased predation.

The graphs above show average temperature and precipitation for four biomes- Propose a solution to the problem identified above.

To end deforestation of the tropical rainforest we can plant more trees and make tree farms. If we make tree farms in specific areas and keep them monitored we can stop cutting down trees in the rainforest and resort to the trees in tree farms.

The underlying subsoil of this biome is permafrost, which prevents both water draining through and deep-rooted plants from growing. Additionally, there is very little precipitation per year.

Tundra

Of the following organisms, which occupies the lowest trophic level?

deer

This biome contains plants that are adapted to prevent water loss due to the low average rainfall and high temperatures year-round.

desert

What term is used to refer to the many feeding relationships that are possible in an ecosystem?

food web

Based on the diagram, which group of organisms would be considered herbivores?

grasshoppers

Which of the following biomes is best characterized as an area that forms the narrow band along the coast that experiences a range of environmental conditions (including daily changes in sunlight, temperature, and water) ?

intertidal zones

Open oceans produce the largest share of Earth's biomass because the net primary productivity (NPP) of the oceans is

low, but the large expanse of the oceans supports enormous numbers of producers such as phytoplankton

What are the two main types of freshwater wetlands?

marshes and swamps

Draw a food web that shows the following relationships. (You may draw pictures or just write the names.) In a mountain meadow, grasshoppers and aphids eat the flowers and grasses. Ladybugs eat the aphids, and blue jays eat the grasshoppers and ladybugs. Blue jays also eat grass seeds and pine nuts and even an occasional small frog from the pond. The frogs ate algae in the pond when they were tadpoles, but now they catch grasshoppers and other insects. The field mice eat grass seeds and pine nuts

more owls

Exemplified by bees consuming nectar and carrying pollen from one flower to another

mutualism

Losses of usable energy between successive trophic levels in an ecosystem are best accounted for by which of the following?

second law of thermodynamics

This biome has the highest net primary productivity, in part because of consistently warm temperatures and abundant sunlight.

tropical rainforest