apush (17+18) NOT MINE
Who created the Compromise of 1850?
Immortal trio
Aboltionists and ardent free soilers (republicans) were
Infuriated with browns execution (did not support him but still mad that he got executed)
1856 election
James Buchanan won election with all southern state votes except Maryland.
President of the CSA
Jefferson Davis
Where was popular sovereignty first used
Kansas and Nebraska
Mexican Cession
Lands sold by Mexico to the US following the Mexican War
John Calhoun opinion on how to solve problem
Leave slavery alone, runaway slaves to return, give south rights as minority resorting balance
Leading politician of republicans
Lincoln
California Gold Rush
Mass migration to California following the discovery of gold in 1848 (attracted tens and thousands of people, resulted in rise of crime)
Charles summer
Massachusetts Senator in 1856, his strong abolitionist convictions caused him to antagonize the South in a speech called "The Crime Against Kansas".
Popular sovereignty eliminates
Missouri compromise (which said for every slave state added a free state must be added and vice-versa)
Due to popular sovereignty, southerners began to
Move to Kansas with weaponry ( goal was to add pro-slave vote and scare everyone else with the weapons)
Even though a sectional party, the republicans were
Nationalists
Popular Sovereignty
New states needed a vote to decide if they want to be free or not
Any president between Polk and Lincoln were
Not up to challenge for what was addressing the United States (slave, tariff, etc)
Why was South Carolina happy for Lincoln being elected
Now they had excuse to secede
Election of 1860 virtually had 2 elections
One for north and one for south
Harper's Ferry
Place where John Brown schemed to invade the South with armed slaves, seized the federal arsenal; killed seven men, Brown and remnants were caught by Robert E. Lee and the US Marines; convicted of murder and treason, Brown was hanged
1855 Election in Kansas
Pro slavery "border ruffians" came from Missouri to vote early
Federal commissioner handled case of a fugitive
Runaway was freed - earned 5$ If not - earned 10$
southern chivalry argument vs clubs
Sarcastic propaganda portraying south (Preston brooks) showing the south's form of "chivalry". (War vs violence, argument vs clubs)
Slave supporters set up puppet government at
Shawnee mission
1st state to leave the union
South Carolina
Dred Scott v. Sanford
Supreme Court case that decided US Congress did not have the power to prohibit slavery in federal territories and slaves, as private property, could not be taken away without due process - basically slaves would remain slaves in non-slave states and slaves could not sue because they were not citizens
Discovery of gold was near
Sutters mill California
Why did the public like popular sovereignty?
it fit in with the democratic tradition of self-determination
Republican Party (1854)
organized in 1854 by antislavery Whigs, Democrats, and Free Soilers in response to the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act; nominated John C. Frémont for president in 1856 and Abraham Lincoln in 1860
John brown
radical abolitionist who believed in the violent overthrow of the slavery system (hacking people to pieces)
Second era of good feelings
this brief period dawned after the Compromise in 1850, when talk of secession subsided and people of the North and the South were determined that the compromises should be final and the issue of slavery buried.
Fugitive Slave Law
this law required that northern states forcibly returned escaped slaves to their owners.
Goal of all 3 men were
To make concessions between north and south (compromises)
In 1848 who do the Whigs nominate
Zachary Taylor
Opium War
a conflict between Britain and China, lasting from 1839 to 1842, over Britain's opium trade in China
Gun Boat Diplomacy
a show of military force, historically naval force, to intimidate an adversary
Underground Railroad
a system of secret routes used by escaping slaves to reach freedom in the North or in Canada (This was a chain of anti slavery homes that led escaped slaves to Canada)
Republicans were
against slavery
South Carolina threatened to secede if
"Sectional" Lincoln wins
Compromise of 1850
(1) California admitted as free state, (2) territorial status and popular sovereignty of Utah and New Mexico, (3) resolution of Texas-New Mexico boundaries, (4) federal assumption of Texas debt, (5) slave trade abolished in DC, and (6) new fugitive slave law; advocated by Henry Clay and Stephen A. Douglas
Effects of the Kansas-Nebraska Act
(1) wrecked both the Missouri Comp. of 1820 and the Comp. of 1850 (2) northerners regarded the repeal of the Missouri Compromise as an intolerable breach of faith; all future compromise would be difficult (infuriated northerners) (3) creation of the Republican Party from opponents of the act
Zachary Taylor
(1849-1850), Whig president who was a Southern slave holder, and war hero (Mexican-American War). Won the 1848 election. Surprisingly did not address the issue of slavery at all on his platform. He died during his term and his Vice President was Millard Fillmore. (Known as hero of buena vista)
3 reasons for Dred Scott case
- Scott was black slave not even a Citizen - he was private property - fifth amendment
Republicans believed
- nonexistence of slavery - protective tariff - for immigrants, no abridgment of rights -pacific railroad -internal improvements - free homesteads
Why was planting slavery in Kansas not a good idea
- since slaves were a valuable property, it is not smart to bring them in the middle of a war zone
Why did the states secede
- threatened by north's "despotic majority of numbers" -weary of free-soil criticism, abolitionists, and northern interference like the Underground Railroad and John brown - they expected "greedy" republicans to pass oppressive tariff
Confederate States of America (CSA)
-Formed by seven seceding states in Montgomery, Alabama in February 1861 -Chose Jefferson Davis as their president
2 immediate causes of civil war
-Lincoln elected - attack on fort Sumter
Lincoln campaign and election
-Sectionalist president - ten southern states did not have his name on ballots
4 more will join later bringing total to
11 states seceded
Franklin Pierce
14th President, weak and indecisive, he was a northerner pro south, accepted slavery
Kansas-Nebraska Act
1854 - Created Nebraska and Kansas as states and gave the people in those territories the right to chose to be a free or slave state through popular sovereignty.
Treaty of Kanagawa
1854 treaty between Japan and the US. Japan agreed to open two ports to American ships (used Gunboat diplomacy)
Dred Scott
A black slave, had lived with his master for 5 years in Illinois and Wisconsin Territory(Free states). Backed by interested abolitionists, he sued for freedom on the basis of his long residence on free soil. The ruling on the case was that He was a black slave and not a citizen, so he had no rights.
Nebraska (west of free-soil Iowa )presumably would choose to become
A free state
Stephen Douglas
A moderate, who introduced the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854 and popularized the idea of popular sovereignty.
Commodore Matthew Perry
A navy commander who, on July 8, 1853, became the first foreigner to break through the barriers that had kept Japan isolated from the rest of the world for 250 years.
Bleeding Kansas
A sequence of violent events involving abolitionists and pro-Slavery elements that took place in Kansas-Nebraska Territory. The dispute further strained the relations of the North and South, making civil war imminent.
Kansas (west of slaveholding Missouri)presumably would choose to become
A slave state
Who won the 1860 election ?
Abraham Lincoln
Taylor avoided
All troublesome issues
Caleb Cushing
American diplomat who negotiated the Treaty of Wanghia with China in 1844
South had what party
Democratic Party
1852 Election
Democrats nominated "dark horse", Franklin pierce Whigs nominated "old fuss and feathers", Winfield Scott
South painted the picture that all northerners were
Brown loving republicans (made north look bad)
Why did Douglas only have 12 electoral votes
Campaigns for north and south but neither liked him
Immortal Trio
Clay, Calhoun, and Webster
South Carolina Called a special convention
Convention voted unanimously to secede (action set off chain reaction of secession)
After taylor dies who takes over
Filmore
Free soil party
Formed in result of Mexican American war, they argued that new territories added should be free states
Nickname for people who wanted gold
Forty niners
To south brown was
Apostle of treason and murderer
republicans platform
Appealed to every non southern group
Senator Stephen Douglas proposed that territory of Nebraska should be
Divided into 2 territories (Kansas and Nebraska)
Kanas might be voted
Free under popular sovereignty (bc north people moved there)
Northern authority undermined by
Fugitive slave law
What party did north have
Had no set party
Most well known conductor of Underground Railroad
Harriet Tubman
John brown was considered as what to free soilers and abolionists
Terrorist butcher (Did not like his ideas)
James Buchanan
The 15th President of the United States (1857-1861). He tried to maintain a balance between proslavery and antislavery factions, but his moderate views angered radicals in both North and South, and he was unable to forestall the secession of South Carolina on December 20, 1860.
Treaty of Wanghia
The first diplomatic agreement between China and America in history, signed on July 3, 1844. Since America signed as a nation interested in trade instead of colonization, it was rewarded with extraordinary amount of trading power.
Civil War in Kansas
The first state to show signs of a civil war (short term cause of main civil war). Destroyed millions of dollars of property, costed many lives, Kansas applied for statehood on popular sovereignty basis.
Even though abolitionists helped run the Underground Railroad,
They did not profit from their lawlessness
Only way to open region to popular sovereignty was
To repeal Missouri compromise
Free Soilers established their regime in
Topeka
John Brown's studied tactics from what
Toussaint L'Ouverture, and Nat turner (learned from his mistake)
opium war led to
Uk control of Hong Kong
How were runaway slaves assisted during their escape
Underground Railroad
Henry clay's opinion on how to solve problem
Urged both north and south to make concessions, north to create fugitive slave law
Webster opinion on how to solve problem
Urged for concessions, and fugitive slave law
Preston brooks
Was a Congressman from South Carolina, notorious for brutally assaulting senator Charles Sumner on the floor of the United States Senate pounding him with a cane until it broke.