APUSH: Unit 3 Test Review Material

Jeffersonian Democratic-Republicans

(Supported Jefferson's economic vision) -Believed constitution did not give congress the authority to create a bank. -Had a strict interpretation of the Constitution -Supported farmers and agrarian society -Favored state rights & pro French

Federalists

(Supporters Hamilton's economic vision) -Believed the necessary and proper clause allowed Congress to create the BUS since it was necessary to carry out its enumerated powers. -Loose interpretation of Constitution -Strong central gov. & Pro England

New Jersey Plan

*plan was favored by small states -unicameral -each states would have equal representation

Constitutional Convention (1789)

-55 delegates sent a revised government decided to create an entire new and strong central government

Bill of Rights

-Added to alleviate concerns of Anti-Feds -10 amendments were intended to provide protections against gov. power.

Jay's Treaty

-British agreed to leave the forts on the frontier -Did not guarantee stop of Britain's harassment of Americans ships of Native issue

Jay's Treaty

-British harassing US ships trading with French West Indies and impressed US sailors. -War with England would have devastate Hamilton's Financial Plan -Hamilton Head tipped off English that US would not join alliance with Denmark and Sweden against British. Jay had no bargaining power. -seen as a success and failure in US.

Foreign Policy-England & Spain

-England impressment and occupied forts in the west. -Spain had blocked access to the Mississippi

Debate Over Ratification

-Federalists: supporters of the constitution and a central strong government -Anti-Feds: critics of the constitution and favored weak central government

Foreign Policy Under John Adams

-Frances war against Europeans nation was a major problem for Adams -Seizing American Ships. -Adams wanted to avoid war w/ France so sent diplomats to Paris.

Foreign Policy:France

-French Rev. divided America -Federalists concerned about violence and wanted to avoid war with England -Democratic Republicans saw the French Rev. as a extension of our own fight for Liberia and England was seizing American war ships

Effects of Shay's Rebellion

-Government was too weak to put down rebellion -increase calls for powerful central government and revealed tensions between citizens of higher and upper class

Native Americans

-Native American land continued to be encroached upon settlers moving west -Northwest Confederacy created in resistance against settlers and expansion. Made by Chief Little Turtle

3/5 Compromise

-North wanted slaves to not count and southerners did -3/5 compromise: slaves would count as 3/5 of a person, gave southern states more reps in house

Whiskey Rebellion

-Part of Hamilton's Financial plan included an excise tax on whiskey -Farmers in Pennsylvania refused to pay the tax *Demonstrated to many the power and effectiveness of the Federal Gov.

Alien & Sedition Acts (1798)

-Passed by Federalist controlled Congress to limit the Democratic Republican opposition

Kentucky & Virginia Resolutions

-Set to oppose federal laws that Democratic Republicans felt were unconstitutional -Stated that a state could nullify federal laws passed by the Congress they felt were unconstitutional (nullification)

Pinckney Treaty

-Spain allows the U.S. usage of the Mis. River and the port of New Orleans -Made the northern boundary of Florida the 31st parallel

Shay's Rebellion

-The economy suffered post war depression following the American revolution -Dan Shay lead revolution for poor farmers and was a former in Massachusetts -The rebellion demanded lower taxes, no foreclosures, paper money, and an end to imprisonment due to debt

Virginia Plan

-bicameral (two house legislature) -each states would have representation based upon population size

Great Compromise

-bicameral legislation -upper house (senate) 2 representatives per states -lower house (house of reps.) based on population

Northwest Ordinances of 1784 & 1785

-established principle that territories could become states as their population grew -set up a system for surveying and selling land in the north west -land was sectioned aside for public education

What persuaded that anti-federalists to support the constitution?

-guarantee of bill of rights which enumerated individual rights and explicitly restricted powers of federal government

Articles of Confederation

-ratified in 1781 -could conduct foreign policy, borrow money, make treaties. *was a central government with limited power

Constitution

-set of government based upon popular sovereignty (power in hands of people) -set up division between national and state government meant (Federalism) -separation of powers between three branches -created electoral electoral college to prevent too much democracy and mob rule

Northwest Ordinance (1787)

-set up the system for a nerd territories to enter as new states once population population was over 60,000 -banned slavery over the Ohio River

Faults of the Articles of Confederation

-unicameral congress -no executive branch or court system -no power to tax states -could not regulate trade -9 out of 13 votes to pass laws -all states regardless of size has one vote -all 13 states must agree to admins articles *paper money was useless*

Foreign Policy Problems Under the Articles

1. British built forts in west and destructive trade, + armed natives 2. Spain band American shipping along the Mississippi 3. France demanded repayment of loans which the government cannot repay at the time

During the period of the American Revolution, Locke's point of view in the excerpt would most likely have been interpreted as promoting a form of government based on natural rights A military rule B hereditary privilege C religious beliefs D

A

The excerpt from Locke's Two Treatises of Government could best be used as evidence by historians studying which of the following topics? The impact of the Enlightenment on Revolutionary political thought A The use of Revolutionary pamphlets to mobilize colonial resistance to British policies B The attempts by African Americans to seek freedom during the American Revolution C The influence of the American Revolution on ideas about republicanism overseas D

A

The principle of federalism embodied in the United States Constitution had most in common with which of the following earlier aspects of British colonial government? The autonomy of colonial legislatures from Great Britain A The absence of colonial representation in Parliament B The enforcement of commercial regulations by British officials C The authority of the king over his colonial governors D

A

The trend in the population percent increase from 1790 to 1800 most likely indicates which of the following? The rapid movement of migrants to newly settled states such as Kentucky and Tennessee A The increased arrival of indentured servants in established areas in Virginia and Maryland B The restriction of the international slave trade to North and South Carolina C The growth of new industrial cities in Georgia D

A

Washington most likely wrote about political parties for which of the following purposes? To warn the public that political parties result in national divisions A To explain how political parties are good for the economy B To assert that political parties only work in democratic republics C To argue that political parties encourage foreign interference D

A

Which of the following best explains the depiction of George Washington in the painting? The development of a sense of American identity among Patriots A The attempts of colonists to gain support for declaring independence B The desire of colonists to commemorate conquests over Native Americans C The tensions between northern and southern colonies during the Revolutionary War D

A

Which of the following does the author use to support his argument about the power of the states under the Confederation? Foundational political documents written during the American Revolution A Journals written by leaders of the Continental Army B Arguments eventually published as The Federalist papers C Treaties signed with Great Britain and France D

A

Which of the following was a piece of evidence Hamilton used to support his argument in the excerpt? Earlier attempts to form associations of states in Europe had failed. A The United States had the authority to mandate funding under the Articles of Confederation. B Some people believed that the states would agree to follow the congressional directives. C States sometimes needed to form alliances to achieve shared goals. D

A

Who was the secretary of treasury during that time period?

Alexander Hamilton

By the 1770s, to which of the following groups would Otis' argument that the colonies "must obey" Parliament most appeal? Farmers in the New England colonies A Loyalists in New York B Enslaved people in the southern colonies C Artisans in port cities D

B

Dickinson's desire to preserve "a certain degree of agency" for states is best explained by which of the following developments in the early United States? The popularity of George Washington A The retention of regional cultural identity in conjunction with national unity B The proposals of Alexander Hamilton to address the financial system C The challenge of gaining support for infrastructure projects D

B

Interpretations of Locke's assertions regarding a "state of freedom" and a "state also of equality" most directly influenced which of the following? The grievances of American colonists during the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) A The political rhetoric of Patriots during the American Revolution B The end of American involvement in the international slave trade C The demands by colonists to settle beyond the current frontier boundaries D

B

The framers of the United States Constitution initially responded to abuses of executive authority by the British monarch in which of the following ways? They granted the Supreme Court the ability to veto treaties negotiated by the president. A They established the separation of powers between the president and Congress. B They provided for the popular election of the president by all voters. C They guaranteed that basic rights could not be limited by the president. D

B

The percentages of White and African American populations in South Carolina shown in the table most directly suggest the availability of land for settlement in the Deep South A expansion of slavery in the Deep South B growth of textile manufacturing in southern states C reliance on immigrant labor in southern states D

B

Which of the following best explains a result of the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) ? A: France sold the Louisiana Territory to Great Britain. B: Great Britain gained a claim to land extending to the Mississippi River. C: Great Britain and Spain established an alliance. D: British influence over its North American colonies decreased.

B

Which of the following best explains why Washington warned against foreign alliances? No nations attempted to sign commercial agreements with the United States. A Britain and France were at war with each other, and both threatened United States interests. B Federalists and Jeffersonian Republicans forced the president to agree to a policy of neutrality. C The power of European empires in the Americas had already begun to decline. D

B

Which of the following claims did Hamilton make in the excerpt about the powers of the United States under the Articles of Confederation? The United States could not engage in diplomacy with foreign countries. A The United States was not empowered to raise sufficient money for the government. B The United States could act without the unanimous consent of the states. C The United States was able to raise military forces sufficient to defend the country. D

B

Which of the following describes an overall argument of the excerpt? Slavery is not economically important for the northern colonies. A Slavery is contrary to the ideals of the American Revolution. B Enslaved Africans should be rewarded for their loyalty to Great Britain. C Enslaved Africans should be returned to Africa. D

B

Which of the following was a major purpose of Otis' pamphlet? To recruit foreign allies to support the claims of the colonists against Great Britain A To encourage opposition to Parliament's regulation of colonial commerce B To propose a plan to send colonial delegates to sit in Parliament C To advocate for colonial independence from Great Britain D

B

Britain's victory in the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) had which of the following economic consequences for its American colonies? A:The British government granted certain American colonists a monopoly on the fur trade without French competition. B:The British government paid for the construction of canals to encourage trade between the Great Lakes region and the East Coast. C:The British government increased taxation of colonial goods to help pay off the debt created by the war. D:The British government forced American merchants to supply the British Royal Navy without payment.

C

George Washington's suggestions about United States foreign relations reflect which of the following situations? The need to establish industries to export more goods A The desire to encourage immigration from northern and western Europe B The continued European colonial presence along United States borders C The challenge of spreading American revolutionary ideals abroad D

C

The failure of the Articles of Confederation resulted in which of the following changes in the government of the United States? The immediate end to property qualifications for White male suffrage A The ban on women's political participation under the ideas of republican motherhood B The ratification of a constitution that established a stronger central government C The enactment of the Northwest Ordinance, which outlined the admission process for new states D

C

The first paragraph of the excerpt makes the claim that slavery should encourage religious conversion to Christianity A concepts of independence should apply only to White men B all people should have the same inherent liberties C the ideals of the American Revolution should also apply to other nations D

C

The ideas in the excerpt were most likely interpreted by American colonists in the 1770s as a call to reject which of the following? The holding of private property A The establishment of representative democracy B The acceptance of the divine right of kings C The creation of political parties D

C

The share of White and African American populations in the various states shown in the table most strongly suggests which of the following? African American migrants were moving from the southern to the northern states. A Small subsistence farms dominated older, more established states such as Virginia and Maryland. B Newly settled states such as Kentucky and Tennessee relied less on slave labor than did regions elsewhere in the South. C The use of slave labor was declining throughout the South by 1800.

C

Which of the following best explains the spread of images of George Washington in the United States after the American Revolution? The republican belief that political power should be inherited A The embrace of political party campaigning by electoral candidates B The desire of Americans to develop a new national culture C The refusal of former Loyalists to accept the outcome of the war D

C

Assumption Plan

Compromise with Jefferson:capital would be moved to the south (DC)

Dickinson's concern for the "mischiefs" in the states is best understood in the context of which of the following? Popular support in the states for making George Washington king A The extensive power of the executive in state governments B Continued warfare between some states and Great Britain C The threat to state governments from popular uprisings D

D

Hamilton claimed in the excerpt that state sovereignty increased the unity of the United States A guaranteed Americans the protection of their liberties B encouraged Americans to pursue the common good in politics C allowed states to ignore the requests of the central government D

D

In the excerpt, Otis was responding to which of the following developments? The publication of Thomas Paine's Common Sense A The threat of a French invasion of British North America B The introduction of widespread boycotts against imported British goods C The British government's attempts to pay for the costs of the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) D

D

Supporters of Washington's comments would most likely have agreed with which of the following foreign policies? Forming a large military A Expanding territorial control B Establishing mutual defense alliances C Maintaining economic relationships D

D

The conclusion of the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) had which of the following effects on Native American societies? Native Americans allied with Great Britain gained the right to become British citizens, angering the colonists. A British and French officials agreed to force Native Americans to move to reservations west of the Mississippi River. B Native Americans gained control of all of the western fur trade with British colonists. C The British government attempted to restrict western settlement to reduce tensions between colonists and Native Americans. D

D

The second paragraph of the excerpt proposes that the Massachusetts legislature should allow enslaved Africans to serve in the state's militia A find a way to resolve its conflicts with Britain peacefully B write a constitution explaining how natural rights apply to enslaved people C abolish slavery and release enslaved African Americans upon adulthood D

D

Which of the following evidence is used by the author to support his argument about state independence? The ability of state governments to nullify the laws of other states A The ability of the central government to declare war B The inability of state governments to collect taxes C The inability of the central government to carry out many laws

D

Which of the following overall arguments did Hamilton make about the Articles of Confederation? The United States should invite other countries to ally with it under the terms of the Articles. A Americans should adopt the Articles as the constitution of the United States. B Americans should donate money to Congress because of flaws in the Articles. C The United States should abandon the Articles to form a stronger central government. D

D

Proclamation of Neutrality

Declared the U.S. neutral in 1793

Treaty of Greenville (1795)

Defeated tribes gave up claim to Ohio territory

XYZ Affair

French officials known as X, Y, and Z attempted to get the Americans to bribe them in order to start negotiations with Minister Talleyrand

Naturalization Act

Increased time from 5 to 14 years for immigrants to become American citizens

Sedition Act

Made it illegal to criticize or write anything bad about the gov.

Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794)

Natives defeated by the US army led by Anthony Wayne

Hamilton's Financial Plan

Part 1: Report of Public Gov.-called for fed. gov. to pay off the national debt at face value and assume war debts of the states. Part 2: -High tariffs (tax on imports) and excise taxes (tax on specific item) 1. would protect American infant industries from foreign competition 2. Raise revenue to pay off the debt Part 3: -Created national bank that would help create a stable healthy economy and currency *huge debate over the bank and power of the fed. gov.

Alien Act

President could depart or arrest immigrants considered dangerous

Compact Theory

States had made a compact with the national government

Washington's Farewell Address

Warner the nation: -permanent alliances -danger of political parties

Republicanism

power comes from people

Political logrolling

the trading of votes to secure favorable outcomes on decisions which otherwise would be adverse