Architecture

Usonian Houses

Frank Lloyd Wright's vision of city planning and American architecture

Guggenheim Museum of Manhattan

designed by Frank Lloyd Wright

Imperial Hotel, Tokyo

designed by Frank Lloyd Wright

Johnson Wax Headquarters and Museum in Racine, Wisconsin

designed by Frank Lloyd Wright

Wainwright Building

designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, first skyscraper

UChicago Robie House

designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. Prairie school style.

Chicago Stock Exchange Building

designed by Louis Sullivan

Guaranty Building

designed by Louis Sullivan and Dankmar Adler

The Tall Office Building Artistically Considered

is by Louis Sullivan

Robert Mills

-American -Neoclassical architecture -Student of Latrobe -First trained architect in America -Contributed w/James Hoban on the White House -Won Competition to build Washington Monument -Worked on many federal buildings in D.C. -Worked on many court houses -"Washington Monument" (pictured)

Philip Johnson

-American -Postmodern work -Founded the Department of Architecture and Design at the Museum of Modern Art -Collaborated with Mies van der Rohe to build the Seagram Building -Became openly gay and has been called "the best-known openly gay architect in America" -"Glass House" -"Gate of Europe" -"Crystal Cathedral" (pictured)

Frank Lloyd Wright

-American -Sculptures were in harmony with nature -Named "Greatest Architect of All Time" by the American Institute of Architecture -Prairie Style -"Falling Water" (pictured) -"Guggenheim Museum" -"Wright Home & Studio" -"Taliesin"

Thomas Jefferson

-American -Self-taught architect -Felt need to improve architecture around Virginia -"Monticello" (pictured) -"Poplar Forest" -"Virginia State Capital" -"University of Virginia"

Louis H. Sullivan

-American -form should follow function -organic architecture style distinct of Frank Lloyd Wright -Has been called "Father of Skyscrapers" & "Father of Modernism" -Some consider him the first modernist -"Guaranty Building" (pictured) -"World's Columbian Exposition" (collaborated with many architects around the country) -"Wainwright Building" in St Louis -"Babson", "Bennett", and "Bradley" houses

William Strickland

-American -Student of Latrobe -Influenced by Greek Revival -"Second Bank of the United States" (pictured) -"Merchants' Exchange" -"National Mechanic Bank"

William Thornton

-British-American -Proposed the first drafts for the U.S. Capital until Latrobe took over and modified details to the design -Designed houses for friends -"Woodlawn" -"Tudor Place" -U.S. Capital (pictured)

Frank Gehry

-Canadian American -1989 Pritzker Prize -Contemporary architect -Named "Most Important Architect of Our Time" by Vanity -Known for his with everyday objects and unusual materials -Style was referred to as Deconstructivism -"Walt Disney Concert Hall" -"Santa Monica Place" -"Frederick Weisman Museum of Art" -"Seattle Experience Music Project" -Bilbao Guggenheim Museum -"Kobe's Fishdance Restaurant" -"Easy Edges cardboard furniture" -"Jay Pritzker Pavilion" in Chicago -"MARTa Harford" -"Dancing House" in Prague -"Ray and Maria Stata Center" at MIT -"Louis Vuitton Foundation in Paris" -"Gehry Residence" (pictured)

Antoni Gaudi

-Catalan (ethnic group in North Spain) -Integrated ceramics, stained glass, & wrought iron -Lots of Catholic influence -Nicknamed "God's Architect" -Very meticulous in work focusing on details -"Casa Mila" -"Casa Batlló" -"Casa Calvert" -"Sagrada Famillia" (pictured)--never finished

Maya Lin

-Chinese American -Focuses on space being connected to surroundings and observer -Known for memorials -"Vietnam Veterans Memorial" (pictured) -"Civil Rights Memorial" -"The Wave Field"

I.M. Pei

-Chinese American -Often called Master of Modern Architecture -"Louvre" pyramid (pictured) -"Rock & Roll Hall of Fame " -"John F. Kennedy Library" -"Mile High Center" in Denver -"National Center for Atmospheric Research" in Boulder -"John Hancock Building" in Boston -East wing of "National Gallery of Art" in Washington DC -"Fragrant Hill Hotel" in Beijing -"Miho Museum of Art" in Shiga, Japan

John Vanbrugh

-English -Baroque style -Suddenly changed from playwrights to architecture -Had no formal training -"Castle Howard" (pictured) -"Blenheim Palace" -"Seaton Delaval Hall"

Inigo Jones

-English -First to employ Vitruvian rules of proportion and symmetry in his buildings -First significant British architect of the early modern period -"Banqueting House" (pictured)

Robert Hooke

-English -Influential in architectural designs in London -Helped make plans to redesign London after the Great Fire -Few of his buildings remain -"Monument to the fire" (pictured) -"Bethlem Royal Hospital" -"Royal Greenwich Observatory"

Nicholas Hawksmoor

-English -Prominent leading figure in the English Baroque style -Designed many buildings at Oxford -Parliament commissioned many architects of the time to rebuild 50 new churches around London but many architects fell through with the plan and the churches were left for Hawksmoor -Due to money only 12 churches were completed in which 6 were solely Hawksmoor -"Clarendon Building" -"Codrington Library" -"Christ Church" (pictured)

Christopher Wren

-English -Rebuilt 52 churches -Helped with reconstruction after the Great Fire of 1666 in London -"St. Paul's Cathedral" (pictured) -"Greenwich Hospital" -"Library, Trinity College"

Benjamin Henry Latrobe

-English -Work was inspired by the British Neoclassical movement -Influenced by Thomas Jefferson's style to devise an American Greek Revival style -Contributed to the build of the White House -"Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary" (first Catholic cathedral in U.S.) -"United States Capital" (pictured) -"Nassau Hall"

Eero Saarinen

-Finnish-American -died in Ann Arbor, Michigan -Embraced many styles in his work -"St.Louis Gateway Arch" -"U.S. Embassy" -"TWA Flight Center at JFK Airport" (pictured) -"Dulles International Airport" -"Kresge Auditorium" at MIT -Drake University campus plan and buildings -"MIT Chapel" -"Athens Airport" -"Tulip Chair" -"Bell Labs HQ" -"John Deere HQ" -"CBS Building" in NYC

Pierre Charles L'Enfant

-French American -Know for renovating the Capital Building and designing most of D.C.'s layout

Walter Gropius

-German -Founder of Bauhaus School --emphasized functionalism, technology, and modern methods & materials -Headed Harvard Architecture department 1938-52 -Developed "International Style" --A sleek, modern style of architecture consisting of glass walls and steel structures -"Fagus Factory" -"Pan American Building" in NYC -"Bauhaus" (pictured) -"Armchair F 51" -"Masters' Houses" -"Alan I W Frank House"

Mies van der Rohe

-German-American -Famous for his quotes about minimalism -Simple, sleek, & modern -he and Gropius worked in the office of Peter Behrens. -closed the Bauhaus before the nazis could -"The Seagram Building" in NYC -"860-880 Lake Shore Drive Apartments" -"Farnsworth House" (pictured) -"Museum of Fine Arts, Houston" -"New National Gallery, Berlin" -"Barcelona Pavilion" for 1929 International Exposition with Phillip Johnson

Andrew Palladio

-Italian -Wrote the "Four Books to Architecture" which created the language of architecture -Style was a blend of Greek, Roman, & Renaissance -Focused heavily on symmetry, perspective, & harmony -"Villa Capra" aka "La Rotunda" (pictured) -"Church of San Giorgio Maggiore" -"Basilica Palladiana" -"Villa Barbaro"

Bruelleschi

-Italian Renaissance -Studied the ruins of Rome with Donatello -Developed linear perspective -Introduced safety for construction workers on the building of the Florence Cathedral -"Florence Cathedral" -"Foundling Hospital"(pictured)

Michelangelo

-Italian Renaissance -Worked for pope and Medici Family -"St. Peter's Basilica" (pictured) -"Medici Chapel" -"Laurentian Library"

Taliesin and Taliesin West

Headquarters and home designed by Frank Lloyd Wright

Collaborated with Dankmar Adler in his firm

Louis Sullivan

Mentor to Frank Lloyd Wright

Louis Sullivan

coined the architectural phrase "form follows function"

Louis Sullivan

Larkin Building and Unity Temple

not related but both designed by Frank Lloyd Wright

Carson Pirie Scott Store in Chicago

now the Sullivan Center, designed by Louis Sullivan