BB Test 23
Menarche typically occurs around _______ years of age; its timing reflects __________.
10 or 11, mostly the effects of nature
Across cultures, the average age at which a girl reaches puberty is _______ years of age. The average age at which a boy reaches puberty is _______ years of age.
9-14, 10-17
According to Kohlberg, moral decisions at the preconventional level are based on
NOT the morality
Which of the following is NOT among the criticisms of Kohlberg's stage theory of moral development?
NOT the sophistication
Which of the following is NOT a primary sexual characteristic?
breast
In the 1960s, even though all her friends had tried various drugs, Monica refused to experiment with drugs because it was against the law. Based on Kohlberg's theory, Monica's reasons for not experimenting with drugs reflect ________ moral reasoning.
conventional
Mark is a graduate student who is studying identity formation. He interviews a group of 5-year-olds, a group of 10-year-olds, and a group of 15-year-olds, and asks them what they plan to be when they finish school. In this example, Mark is using a __________ research design.
cross-sectional
According to Erikson, the major goal of adolescent development is:
developing a sense of identity
In Kohlberg's theory, the shift from precoventional to conventional moral reasoning takes place by:
early adolescents
From the late teens into the mid-20s, individuals are in a transitional phase that developmental psychologists call _________ adulthood.
emerging
Grace is a 19-year-old college sophomore. She is living away from home for the first time and is trying to decide on a major. Grace is in a phase of life many developmental psychologists term ________ adulthood.
emerging
Which of the following physical developments during puberty is accurately labeled as a primary or secondary sex characteristic?
enlarged Adam's apple...
Lee is in high school. He states that he is a Republican. However, he has given little thought to politics; he is a Republican mainly because his parents and neighbors are Republicans. Lee's example illustrates Marcia's _________ stage of identity formation.
foreclosure
Carol Gilligan suggested that there may be ________ differences in the validity of Kohlberg's moral reasoning tasks.
gender
As discussed in the AV presentation, using the fMRI methodology introduced by Susan Fiske and colleagues, research participants in western cultures regard elders with a _______ degree of warmth and a ______ degree of competency. Participants in the east, regard elders with a _____ degree of warmth and a ______ degree of competency.
high, low, high ,low
In females, puberty is triggered by ________; in males, it is initiated by __________.
increase, increase
Dr. Irwin is testing the same individuals repeatedly over time as part of a research study, while Dr. Jenner is comparing the performance of different people of various ages at the same time. Dr. Irwin is using a _________ research design; Dr. Jenner is using a ________ design.
longitudinal, cross-sectional
Charles, a high-school senior, is actively exploring potential career paths but has not yet made a commitment about which one to choose. In Marcia's terms, Charles reflects the _________ stage of identity development.
moratorium
If an individual at the conventional level of moral reasoning had to choose between stealing and letting a loved one die, that person might:
possibly refuse to steal because it is against the law
During the Vietnam War, Michael moved from the United States to Canada to avoid the draft. He didn't want to go to war because he was afraid he might be killed or seriously injured. Michael's example reflects Kohlberg's stage of _________ moral reasoning.
preconventional
In part, the impulsivity of adolescence reflects the fact that brain development occurs more slowly in the brain's _______ than in its ____.
prefrontal, limbic system
Juanita is 16 years old and she wants to study chemical engineering when she gets to college. Her parents think Juanita is being too ambitious and they are pressuring her to complete a business degree instead. Meanwhile, her boyfriend is talking about marriage and he doesn't want her to even start college. Based on Erikson's theory, it is likely that Juanita will:
show evidence of role confusion
Which of the following best defines social identity?
the part of self-concept that is derived from one's group membership