BIO 110 EXAM 4 CLICKER QUESTIONS

CQ: Which of the following types of plants would not be able to self-pollinate? A. dioecious B. monoecious C. Those with perfect flowers D. Wind-pollinated E. Insect-pollinated

A

MCAT Question: A small population of flies that has an even distribution of black-bodied and tan-bodied flies suffers a drought in which almost the entire population dies. As the population is recovering, the next generation has twice as many black-bodied flies as tan-bodied flies. What most likely occurred within the population? A. Adaptation B. Natural selection C. A bottleneck effect D. Inbreeding

C

Diploid nuclei of the ascomycete Neurospora crassa contain 14 chromosomes. A single diploid cell in an ascus will undergo one round of meiosis, followed in each of the daughter cells by one round of mitosis, producing a total of eight ascospores. If a single, diploid G2 nucleus in an ascus contains 400 nanograms (ng) of DNA, then a single ascospore nucleus of this species should contain how much DNA (ng), carried on how many chromosomes? A. 100, 7 B. 100, 14 C. 200, 7 D. 200, 14 E. 400, 14

A

In a particular bird species, individuals with average sized wings survive frequent severe storms more successfully than other birds in the same population with longer or shorter wings. This illustrates A. Stabilizing selection B. Diversifying selection C. Directional selection D. Sexual selection

A

In humans, a cleft or dimple in the chin is inherited as an autosomal complete dominant trait. In Smallville, USA, 81% of the people have a smooth chin. What is the frequency of the cleft chin allele in that population? A. 10% B. 18% C. 19% D. 90%

A

MCAT Question: A certain disease in humans follows a simple inheritance pattern through a gene locus with only two alleles: D (the dominant non-disease allele) and d (the recessive disease allele). If the frequency of the recessive allele is 10% in a population of 100,000, how many people would you expect to be healthy carriers of the recessive allele? (Assume Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.) A. 18,000 B. 36,000 C. 9,000 D. 24,000

A

MCAT Question: Which type of lethal, heritable allele is most likely to persist in a population? A. Recessive B. Codominant C. Dominant D. Incompletely Dominant

A

The gene that codes for the ABO blood group in humans has three alleles. In a population of 1000 people, the frequency of the IA allele is .3, and the frequency of individuals in the population with type O blood is 0.36. What is the frequency of the IB allele in this population? A. 0.1 B. 0.44 C. 0.6 D. 0.9

A

What are mycorrhizae? A. The fruiting bodies of zygomycetes. B. Mutualistic associations between plant roots and fungi. C. The horizontal fungal hyphae that spread out underground during asexual reproduction. D. Sexual structures formed by chytrids.

B

A new disease arises in humans who live in the rain forest. Which of the following might be a first attempt at determining whether or not the disease is caused by a fungus? A. Treat the affected people with a chemical that interferes with cellulose synthesis. B. Treat affected people with a chemical that prevents the apical complex from piercing a host cell. C. Treat affected people with a chemical that interferes with chitin synthesis. D. Quarantine the area until the affected people die or get well.

C

CQ: All of the following are characteristics of angiosperms EXCEPT: A. Co-evolution with animal pollinators. B. Internal double fertilization C. Free-living gametophytes D. Fruit

C

Endophytic fungi (fungi that live within plant tissue) are very common. Almost all plants studied have them. Some grasses have endophytic fungi that modify plant-herbivore interactions. What type of symbiotic interaction exists between plants and herbivores? A. Mutualism B. Commensalism C. Predation D. Parasitism

C

Female gypsy moths do not fly. The males find them by following chemical signals that the females emit. This is an example of ___________ isolating mechanism. A. an ecological B. a temporal C. a behavioral D. a mechanical

C

In seed plants, the ___________ generation is more reduced than in seedless plants. A. sporophyte B. diploid C. gametophyte D. zygote

C

In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1, the term p refers to the: A. frequency of homozygous dominant individuals in the population. B. frequency of the most common allele in the population. C. allele frequency of one allele in the population. D. frequency of heterozygotes in the population.

C

On the Great Barrier Reef in Australia, many species of corals (marine animals) reproduce at the same time in October, about five days after the full moon. This produces a slick of sperm and eggs on the surface of the water. Yet, in spite of the number of species involved, sperm from a particular species will only fertilize eggs produced by the same species. This is an example of: A. habitat isolation. B. mechanical isolation. C. gametic isolation. D. post zygotic isolation.

C

Which of the following is a defining character for a nonvascular plant? A. It is the only group that shows an alternation of generations. B. There is no sporophyte stage. C. The sporophyte is the prominent (dominant) stage. D. The gametophyte is the prominent (dominant) stage.

D

Which of these characteristics is found in all land plants? A. Seeds. B. Flowers. C. Vascular tissue. D. Jacketed gametangia.

D

Glyphosate is a general herbicide that kills most types of plants. In a population of ferns, it was found that 30% of the gametophytes showed resistance to glyphosate (resistance is caused by a recessive allele). The expected frequency of resistant sporophytes in this population is A. 9% B. 30% C. 42% D. 70%

A - because the gametophyte is haploid the frequency of resistant gametophytes is equal to the resistance allele frequency

Alternation of generations refers to life cycles that: A. do not include meiosis. B. have both multicellular haploid and diploid stages. C. include haploid and diploid gametes. D. are mainly asexual but can switch to sexual reproduction.

B

As you read in the tutorial, there is only one species of finch of Cocos Island versus 13 on the Galapagos Islands. Which of these terms is appropriate to describe the origin of this species? A. Adaptive radiation B. Allopatric speciation. C. Sympatric speciation D. Both A and B.

B

CQ: Fruits have contributed to the success of angiosperms by: A. Nourishing the plants that make them. B. Facilitating the dispersal of seeds. C. Attracting insects to the pollen inside. D. Producing sperm and egg inside a protective coat. E. Producing triploid cells via double fertilization.

B

CQ: Which of the following is the result of double fertilization? A. Two diploid zygotes. B. A diploid zygote and a triploid endosperm. C. A diploid zygote and a haploid endosperm. D. Two haploid zygotes.

B

Does having mycorrhizae benefit a plant? EXPERIMENT: Researchers grew soybean plants in soil treated with fungicide to prevent the formation of mycorrhizae in the experimental group. A control group was exposed to fungi that formed mycorrhizae in the soybean plants' roots. If your hypothesis is that mycorrhizae benefit the plant, what would you predict to see in the experimental group compared to the control group? A. The group treated with fungicide will show more growth than the control group. B. The group treated with fungicide will show less growth than the control group. C. There will be no difference in growth between the two groups. D. Plants cannot survive without mycorrhizae.

B

Find the mistake in the following statement: "Ginkgo trees are dioecious, with catkin-like flowers on the male trees and pistillate flowers on the female trees. This species may not flower until it is 20 years old." A. Dioecious plants produce male and female flowers on the same plant. B. Gingkos do not produce flowers. C. Gingkos are not trees. D. Gingkos are monoecious, not dioecious.

B

MCAT Question: Which of the following scenarios represents disruptive selection within a population? A. Oak trees with medium-sized leaves are evolutionarily favored, as large leaves suffer from dehydration and small leaves don't receive sufficient sun. B. Heterozygous pink flowers are selected against while homozygous red and homozygous white flowers are selected for. C. As pollution creates turbidity in a lake, brighter fish have greater reproductive success, causing the population to become more brightly colored on average. D. A population of snakes is split by the construction of a large road, causing speciation of the divided populations.

B

These endophytic fungi are most likely to modify plant herbivore interactions by: A. Killing the plants, reducing the available food for the herbivores. B. Producing mycotoxins that deter the herbivores from eating the plants. C. Competing with mycorhizzae, reducing plant growth. D. Interfering with plant reproduction, reducing plant population size.

B

Two types of squirrels live on opposite rims of the Grand Canyon. They are closely related but do have genetic differences. If the original population was separated into two as the canyon was cut, this could be an example of : A. behavioral isolation. B. allopatric speciation. C. temporal isolation. D. sympatric speciation.

B

Several genetic disorders, including Tay Sachs and Gaucher Disease, are found in higher frequencies in the Ashkenasi Jewish population than in the general population. It is thought that this population experienced a severe reduction in size at about 75 CE, during a Jewish Diaspora period. Based upon this information, the most likely explanation for the higher frequency of these disorders is: A. a higher rate of mutation in this population. B. non-random mating in this population. C. genetic drift due to a population bottleneck. D. All three of these are equally likely to explain this observation.

C

Under diversifying (or disruptive) selection A. the mean value of the phenotype increases or decreases. B. the distribution of phenotypes around the mean becomes more narrow. C. two distinct phenotypes in the population are favored and intermediate phenotypes are selected against. D. the distribution of phenotypes around the mean becomes much broader.

C

Which of these examples would be classified as a postzygotic isolating mechanism? A. Two species of crickets mating at different times of the year, summer versus fall. B. Two species of toads breeding in different habitats, a pond versus a stream. C. Two species of plants producing hybrid offspring that have reduced fertility. D. Two species of fruit flies with males that have genitals of very different size and shape.

C

Which of these features of land plants is a result of the selective pressures imposed by the loss of support that water provides? A. Stomata. B. Waxy cuticle. C. Vascular tissue. D. Jacketed gametangia.

C

Which of these is the best indicator of biological fitness in a bird? A. The number of eggs that are laid. B. The number of eggs that hatch. C. The number of young that leave the nest. D. All of these are equal indicators of fitness.

C

Within the Kingdom Plantae, which of these characters was first seen in the seedless vascular plants? A. The alternation of generations. B. The absence of a sporophyte stage. C. The sporophyte is the prominent (dominant) stage. D. The gametophyte is the prominent (dominant) stage.

C

During alternation of generations, a plant alternates between ______________. A. gametophyte and sporophyte B. diploid and haploid C. gamete-producer and spore-producer D. all of the above.

D

Evolution is best described as: A. the progression of life on Earth, from simple to advanced forms. B. sexual reproduction. C. the generation of genetic variation through meiosis and random fertilization. D. a change in the genetic structure of a population.

D

In a life cycle that shows alternation of generations, the sporophyte produces haploid spores through ______________, while the gametophyte produces ___________ gametes through mitosis. A. mitosis/diploid B. meiosis/diploid C. mitosis/haploid D. meiosis/haploid

D

Of the unifying features of plants, which is found only in plants and is not present in their green algal relatives? A. The presence of chlorophyll b in their chloroplasts. B. Cell walls made of cellulose. C. Storage of energy as starch. D. The protection of gametes and zygotes by parent tissue.

D

The gene that codes for the ABO blood group in humans has three alleles. An individual who has Type A blood could be represented by which of the following? A. p2 B. 2 pr C. r2 D. 2 pq E. Both A and B are possible

E

The vegetative (nutritionally active) bodies of most fungi are A. composed of hyphae. B. referred to as a mycelium. C. usually underground. D. A and B only E. A, B, and C

E

Which of these evolutionary forces can introduce new alleles into a population? A. Genetic drift. B. Mutation. C. Non-random mating. D. Gene flow. E. Both B and D can be a source of new alleles

E

Which process occurs in fungi and has the opposite effect on a cellʹs chromosome number than does meiosis I? A. mitosis B. plasmogamy C.crossing-over D. binary fission E. karyogamy

E

Fungi can be all of the things below EXCEPT... A. Predators B. Decomposers C. Symbionts D. Absorptive heterotrophs E. Autotrophs

E.