Bio 2 Exam #3

Most reptiles are _____ and their fertilization is _______.

oviparous; internal

Gas exchange in terrestrial insects is accomplished through:

the use of trachea

Which is a characteristic of all annelids?

they have a segmented body

Class _______ includes mostly extinct species and a few current species such as feather stars and sea Lillies.

Crinoidea

Diploblastic animals, such as cnidarians and _______, have only two germ layers, ectoderm and ________.

ctenophores; endoderm

The lining of the digestive tube is formed from:

endoderm

What term describes how most sponges can produce both male and female gametes?

hermaphroditic

All echinoderms are found:

in marine habitats

The veliger larval form is unique to:

molluscs

Tunicates are ______ in the phylum _______.

urochordates; Chordata

Parapodia are characteristic of oligochaete T/F

False- polychaete

_____ is an anticoagulant used by leeches.

Hirudin

A member of subphylum Chelicerata is a spider T/F

True

What is the mode of nutrition for clams and oysters?

filter feeders

Metamorphosis occurs in which of the following vertebrate classes?

Amphibia

Which of the following statements about arthropods is FALSE?

Arthropods have an incomplete digestive tract

After embryonic development, members of the phylum Rotifera are incapable of:

cell division

In which group did the amniotic egg first evolve?

reptiles

What is the mode of nutrition for most Poriferans?

suspension/filter feeders

The anterior end of a tapeworm is known as the:

scolex

The head end of an animal is known as its:

anterior end

One true characteristic of all animals is that they:

are heterotrophs

Which statement about bilateral symmetry is FALSE?

bilateral symmetry evolved in cnidarians

Sponges have specialized cells, but those cells are not organized into:

tissues

The _____ are very common arthropod Paleozoic fossils, and are extinct today.

trilobites

How is a pseudocoelom different from a coelom?

A coelom is a cavity between two tissue layers.

Segementation is important in annelids as an aid in:

locomotion

In scyphozoans, the _____ is the dominant body form.

medusa

A true body cavity completely surrounded by ______ is called a coelom.

mesoderm

The _____ gives rise to muscles, bones, and the circulatory system.

mesoderm

Complete ________ reduces competition among insects within the same species.

metamorphosis

Lancelets are:

filter feeders

Which structure is used to help regulate buoyancy of fish?

swim bladder

Segmentation in arthropods differs from that of annelids because arthropod segments are:

more specialized

Which term can be applied to both monotremes and sharks?

oviparous

Which term describes an animal that lays eggs?

oviparous

The larvae of some cnidarians are known as _______ larvae.

planula

The first air-breathing land animals were:

arthropods

The first function of feathers was most likely:

as color displays in courtship rituals

In cnidarians, nemotocysts are housed within what type of specialized cell?

cnidocytes

Where does digestion in a sponge take place?

individual cells

Urochordates are off chordates, as typically only the ______ shows the basic chordate characteristics.

larva

Order _____ includes the turtles and tortoises.

Testudines

A nauplius larva is characteristic of:

crustaceans

Which is a unique adaptation in insects not found in any other arthropod?

wings

Which of the following is an adaptation that enables cephalopods to escape from their predators?

rapidly changing colors

Which statement about the development of coelom is FALSE?

It requires animals to have either two or three tissue layers.

Sharks that are _____ incubate their eggs within the mothers body.

ovoviviparous

One characteristic of class Bivalvia is that they:

possess two shells with a hinge

The ____ of an earthworm allows them to resist desiccation in terrestrial environments.

cuticle

Which of the following phyla is a deuterostome?

echinoderms

The body of a tapeworm consists of segments, each of which is called a proglottid T/F

True

Which of the following explains why fewer animals live in freshwater than in the ocean?

Freshwater is generally hypotonic to tissue fluids.

Which structure do numerous mollusks use to scrape algae off rocks?

radula

Spiny echidnas are unlike other mammals in that they:

do not have nipples

The epidermis of a nematode is derived from the:

ectoderm

Order ______ includes the snakes.

Squamata

Sponges are believed to have arisen from the choanoflagellates because they possess:

collar cells

Which arthropods have mandibles, gills, excretory glands, and statocysts?

crustaceans

The earliest mammals resembled small:

dogs

Which group of organisms display radial cleavage during development?

echinoderms

Within the chordate classes, the unique characteristic of the class Aves is:

feathers

Hagfishes are differentiated from lampreys and all other fishes in that:

hagfishes lack vertebrae

Which is critical to polychaete and oligochaete locomotion?

setae

A marine invertebrate placed into freshwater would have difficulty surviving because:

It would have difficulty with osmoregulation

Your abdominal cavity, which contains most of your major organs, is a:

coelom lined by mesoderm

Like the cnidarians, flatworms depend on ______ for achieving circulation and gas exchange.

diffusion

The diverse body plans seen in Animalia apparently developed during the:

Cambrian Period

Members of the phylum _____ are the simplest organisms with a separate mouth and anus.

Ctenophora

Which is a characteristic of tapeworms?

Tapeworms have bodies that consist of hundreds of reproductive segments.

How do leeches differ from other annelids?

They do not have setae or parapodia.

Which of the below are living descendants of dinosaurs?

birds

The common ancestor of all animals is/are the:

choanoflagellates

Which of the following is NOT an adaptation needed for living on land?

external respiratory surfaces

Because it is an enclosed compartment of fluid under pressure, the coelom can serve as a _______, which shapes the body of soft animals.

hydrostatic skeleton

Arthropods with mandibles, a single pair of antennae, and two legs on most body segments are:

millipedes

A grasshopper belongs in the Ecdysozoa clade because of its ability to:

molt

Marsupials include the:

opossum

What is the key characteristic that defines the Ecdysosozoa clade?

the animal molts

Echinoderms are unique because:

their larvae are bilaterally symmetrical while the adult is pentaradially symmetrical

Mammals descended from a ground of reptiles known as:

therapsids

Ctenophores capture food:

using adhesive glue cells that trap prey

Which characteristic best describes vertebrates?

vertebral column

The most unique feature of the echinoderms is their:

water vascular system

Annelids are segmented worms T/F

True

Snakes are closely related to:

reptiles

The intermediate host for a blood fluke is a:

snail

The first land animals likely moved onto land how long ago?

450 million years

What are the two clades of the protostomes?

Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysosozoa

Which arthropod has chelicerae, pedipalps, and silk glands?

spider

Adult tunicates resemble _____ and are _____.

sponges; filter feeders

Which of the following characteristic about animals is FALSE?

Animals cannot respond to stimuli

A fish with cartilaginous skeleton and paired fins would be in the group:

Chondrichthyes

From an evolutionary perspective, true nerve cells are first seen in the phylum:

Cnidaria

Which pair of words is incorrectly matched?

Coelom- no body cavity

A radula is a characteristic of certain members of phylum Platyhelminthes T/F

False- Mollusca

Cephalopods have an open circulatory system T/F

False- closed

Which animal phylum has asymmetrical body plan?

Porifera

How do protostomes differ from deuterostomes?

Protostomes undergo spiral cleavage during development.

Which are the animals with a crown of cilia that look like a spinning wheel?

Rotifers

If adult sponges are sessile, why can they still be classified as animals?

Sponge larvae are motile

The phylum name arthropoda refers to:

jointed appendages

The monotremes are an unusual group of mammals because they:

lay eggs

Sea stars eat:

mostly crustaceans and mollusks

In most protostomes, the blastopore develops into the:

mouth

Which of the following terms is associated with polychaete?

parapodia

Ribbon worms have a unique ________ that is used to capture prey.

proboscis

Deuterostomes are characterized by _____ and ______ cleavage.

radial; indeterminate

Malpighian tubules are used for excretion T/F

True

Salamanders are members of the order:

Caudata

Choanocytes are a characteristic of members of the phylum Cnidaria T/F

False- Porifera

A nematocyst is a type of stinging cell T/F

False- cnidocyte

What molecular evidence have been found in Cnidarians that is evidence to indicate cnidarians share a common ancestor with bilateral animals?

Hox genes

Which class of animals has the largest number of species?

Insecta

Which statement best supports why animals most likely evolved in the ocean?

Internal fluid and salt balance was easy to maintain

Which statement best describes a lophophore?

It is a ciliated ring of tentacles surrounding the mouth.

Which was the primary challenge animals faced in adapting to life on land?

The desiccating effect of the atmosphere

The first animals to show cephalization have several characteristics. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

These animals had a proboscis.

Which of the following is a major problem for sessile animals?

They are unable to escape unfavorable environmental conditions.

Which statement about echinoderms is FALSE?

They show evidence of segmentation

What is the purpose of protonephridia in flatworms?

To regulate fluid balance

In sponges, spicules are secreted by amoeboid cells T/F

True

Members of phylum Arthropoda have paired, jointed appendages T/F

True

Members of phylum Ctenophora are diploblastic but lack cnidocytes T/F

True

Members of the Ecdysozoa clade are characterized by having a cuticle. T/F

True

The tetrapods include:

amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals

Sea stars are primarily:

carnivores

You are told that the digestive tract of the animal you are studying developed an anus before a mouth. You realize that you may be looking at a:

cat

Most mollusks are:

marine