Bio ch. 4-6 quizzes
An actively dividing cell has six chromosomes. How many sister chromatids are present within this cell at the end of G2 phase?
12
A pea plant that is heterozygous for the flower color gene makes gametes. What is the probability that a specific gamete contains the recessive allele for flower color?
50%
Consider a gene with two alleles that show complete dominance. When a homozygous recessive individual (qq) is crossed with a heterozygous individual (Qq) they have a 50 percent chance of producing a homozygous recessive offspring. The next time these two individuals breed, what are the chances that they will once again have a homozygous recessive progeny?
50%
Which of the following statements about enzymes is FALSE?
A specific enzyme can catalyze a variety of chemical reactions.
The molecule ________ is produced to store energy and is broken down in order to use that energy for cellular processes.
ATP
A heterozygote cat has a medium-sized body instead of being either large or small.
An example of incomplete dominance
In the enzyme-catalyzed reaction where A = (Enzyme 1) → B → (Enzyme 2) → C → (Enzyme 3) → D, what will be the effect of inactivating Enzyme 2?
B will still be produced, but not C or D.
All of the following contribute to genetic uniqueness EXCEPT
Binary fission
During which cellular process is ATP NOT released?
Calvin cycle
________ are points in the cell cycle where cells stop to assess their progression.
Checkpoints
Resting stage assumed by cells that exit the cell cycle.
G0 phase
Two new daughter cells grow in preparation for division.
G1 phase
Cells prepare to divide and check that the proper steps have occurred for division.
G2 phase
Which of the following statements regarding genes is true?
Genes are the basic units of information affecting a genetic trait.
Which of the following serves as both reactant in photosynthesis and product in cellular respiration?
H2O
The protons that make up the proton gradient used during the light reactions of photosynthesis come from
H2O.
When geneticists are looking for genes linked to particular disorders, such as cardiomyopathy, why is it important that they look at healthy individuals in addition to individuals affected by the disorder?
Healthy individuals provide a baseline for comparison.
Which of the following are logically associated with mitochondria?
Krebs cycle
Duplicated chromosomes are separated during this phase.
M phase
Which of the following differentiates meiosis from mitosis?
Mitosis is used for the repair of cells, whereas meiosis creates cells for sexual reproduction.
Which of the following molecules carries electrons to the electron transport chain of oxidative phosphorylation?
NADH
The electrons that are released by the splitting of H2O molecules during photosynthesis ultimately end up in ________ in photosynthesis.
NADPH.
If you consider the combined processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration, the electrons found in H2O at the beginning of the light reactions end up attaching to ________ during respiration
O2 to make new H2O
Which of the following statements about energy metabolism is FALSE?
Plants provide the H2O and CO2 that animals need to carry out respiration.
Phase in which cells duplicate the genetic material.
S phase
glycolysis; Krebs cycle; oxidative phosphorylation
S phase
What are the stages of interphase?
S, G1, and G2
In a particular plant, two genes control height and flower color. Tall height (T) is dominant to short height (t). Yellow flowers (Y) are dominant to white flowers (y). A tall, yellow flowered plant is mated with a short, white-flowered plant. What are the genotypes of the plants involved in this cross?
T_Y_ × ttyy
Two pea plants that are true-breeding for recessive white flowers are mated and their offspring analyzed. Which of the following statements about this situation is true?
The gametes produced by the offspring will carry only one allele for this gene.
Which of the following statements regarding photosynthesis and cellular respiration is FALSE?
The process of photosynthesis does not require the input of energy.
What is the significance of crossing over?
The resulting gametes will have different gene combinations than their parent cells' gene combinations.
Dihybrid crosses
They are crosses involving two genes with two alleles each.
What is the role of water in photosynthesis?
Water provides electrons to the chlorophyll.
Which of the following best exemplifies homologous chromosomes?
a tetrad
In which of the following stages of mitosis would you expect to see chromatids become daughter chromosomes?
anaphase
used by plant cells
both photosynthesis and cellular respiration
used by animal cells
cellular respiration only
Sister chromatids are held together at a region called the
centromere.
Some daughter cells are described as clones. For this description to be appropriate, the daughter cells must
contain a set of DNA that is identical to that of the parent cell.
Which of the following processes divides the cytoplasm of cells following mitosis?
cytokinesis
Glycolysis takes place in the ________ and produces________, which in the presence of O2 then enters the ________.
cytosol; pyruvate; mitochondrion to complete cellular respiration
Which of the following factors might cause a cell to pause in a phase of the cell cycle?
damage to DNA
One strategy that makes metabolic pathways more efficient is
enzymes for a given pathway are located in the same place within the cell.
The presence of one gene in Labrador retrievers influences coat color. This is one example of
epistasis
In Mendel's model of inheritance, what he described as units of inheritance we now refer to as
genes
Which step of cellular respiration occurs outside the mitochondria?
glycolysis
The three stages of cellular respiration (in order) are
glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
Which of the following represents the correct ordering of events that occur during the catabolism of glucose in the presence of O2?
glycolysis; Krebs cycle; oxidative phosphorylation
If a person has one copy of each of two different alleles for a given gene, the person is ________ for that trait.
heterozygous
During crossing over,
homologous chromosomes exchange genetic information.
Being able to use a Punnett square to track the pattern of inheritance in a two-characteristic cross (for example, pea seed color and seed shape) demonstrates Mendel's idea of
independent assortment.
The chance of a parent passing on a given allele to a child ________ each time he or she has another child.
is the same
Which of the following ultimately provides the O2 used during the process of oxidative phosphorylation?
light reactions of photosynthesis
Mendel's breeding experiments with pea plants indicate that alleles of a gene separate during
meiosis
Gametes are produced by meiosis rather than mitosis because
meiosis reduces the chromosome number so that zygotes produced will have one full genome.
During which of the following phases of mitosis do replicated chromosomes line up at an invisible plane along the center of the cell?
metaphase
The form of eukaryotic cell division that produces two genetically identical cells is
mitosis
The second division of meiosis is essentially
mitosis that begins with two haploid cells and ends with four haploid cells.
produces light energy
neither photosynthesis nor cellular respiration
During cellular respiration, ________ is the step that produces the greatest number of ATP molecules.
oxidative phosphorylation
produces carbon dioxide
photosynthesis only
produces sugars
photosynthesis only
The observation that individuals who are deaf also have heart problems is an example of
pleiotropy
Most traits in humans are controlled by the action of multiple genes. These traits are referred to as
polygenic.
The nuclear envelope breaks down during which phase of mitosis?
prophase
Which of the following is known to result from the disruption of mitosis and meiosis?
prostate cancer
Mendel's primary contribution to our understanding of genetic inheritance was
providing a mechanism that explains patterns of inheritance.
The ultimate source of energy for living systems is
sunlight.
Oxidative phosphorylation is to respiration as ________ is to photosynthesis.
the light-dependent reaction
The most important characteristic that distinguishes meiosis from mitosis is
the total number of chromosomes present in daughter cells.
The goal of meiosis is to
to produce eggs and sperm.
A replicated chromosome consists of
two sister chromatids.