Bio ch.7 study questions

2) In a bacterium, we will find DNA in _____.

d) the nucleoid

25) What is the function of the nuclear pore complex found in eukaryotes?

a) It regulates the movement of proteins and RNAs into and out of the nucleus.

20) Why is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum unable to synthesize proteins?

a) No ribosomes are attached to its surface.

34) Spherocytosis is a human blood disorder associated with a defective cytoskeletal protein in the red blood cells (RBCs). What do you suspect is the consequence of such a defect?

a) abnormally shaped RBCs

5) The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved _____.

a) endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium in a larger host cell—the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria

30) Amoebae move by crawling over a surface (cell crawling), which involves _____.

a) growth of actin filaments to form bulges in the plasma membrane

11) Which of the following contains hydrolytic enzymes?

a) lysosome

28) Movement of vesicles within the cell depends on what cellular structures?

a) microtubules and motor proteins

19) Cyanide binds with at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be found within the _____.

a) mitochondria

7) Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell?

a) rough ER

27) Eukaryotic cells manufacture cytoskeletal proteins, which help to maintain cell shapes and functions. What would you predict about these proteins?

b) They are manufactured on free ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

21) *Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

b) Eukaryotic cells have more intracellular organelles than prokaryotes.

24) What can you infer about a high molecular weight protein that cannot be transported into the nucleus?

b) It lacks a nuclear localization signal (NLS).

16) *Where are proteins produced other than on ribosomes free in the cytosol or ribosomes attached to the ER?

b) in the Golgi apparatus

4) Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?

b) ribosome

9) The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and, therefore, abundant in liver cells?

b) smooth ER

12) Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell?

b) vacuole

29) Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is true?

c) Movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteins causing microtubules to move relative to each other.

23) Which of the following macromolecules leaves the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell through pores in the nuclear membrane?

c) mRNA

13) Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

c) mitochondrion

14) Which plant cell organelle contains its own DNA and ribosomes?

c) mitochondrion

3) Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules?

c) proteins

6) Which type of organelle or structure is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids?

c) smooth endoplasmic reticulum

8) Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with very large, complex, undigested lipids. Which cellular organelle must be involved in this condition?

c) the lysosome

26) What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?

d) ER → Golgi → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane

10) Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted?

d) Golgi apparatus

31) *Cilia and flagella bend because of _____.

d) a motor protein called dynein

17) A biologist ground up some plant leaf cells and then centrifuged the mixture to fractionate the organelles. Organelles in one of the heavier fractions could produce ATP in the light, whereas organelles in the lighter fraction could produce ATP in the dark. The heavier and lighter fractions are most likely to contain, respectively, _____.

d) chloroplasts and mitochondria

33) Asbestos is a material that was once used extensively in construction. One risk from working in a building that contains asbestos is the development of asbestosis caused by the inhalation of asbestos fibers. Cells will phagocytize asbestos, but are not able to degrade it. As a result, asbestos fibers accumulate in _____.

d) lysosomes

22) Suppose a young boy is always tired and fatigued, suffering from a metabolic disease. Which of the following organelles is most likely involved in this disease?

d) mitochondria

18) Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?

d) mitochondrion

35) An organism with a cell wall would most likely be unable to take in materials through _____.

d) phagocytosis

1) All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell EXCEPT _____.

e) an endoplasmic reticulum

32) Which structure-function pair is mismatched?

e) microtubule — muscle contraction

15) Which animal cell organelle contains enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen?

e) peroxisome