Biology - Part 1 EOC Review

Which organelle is the site where amino acids are synthesized into proteins?

2 - Ribosomes

Solar energy is used to produce energy-rich compounds in which structure?

4 -Chloroplast

Which of these best completes this concept map?

A plant cell

The cell contains a nucleus, lysosomes, a cell membrane, and a cell wall. What is the correct classification of this cell?

A eukaryotic cell

H+ ions are being pumped from a low concentration to a high concentration. What of transport across the cell membrane?

Active transport

When Streptococcus pneumoniae are exposed to an antibiotic, the bacteria try to pump the antibiotic out of their cells. Which of the following mechanisms is most likely used by the Streptococcus pneumoniae to pump the antibiotic out of their cells?

Active transport

The combined observations of Mattias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann and Rudolph Virchow resulted in the formation of the cell theory. Which of the following is not part of the cell theory ?

All cells contain a nucleus

Which type(s) of cells have genetic material that is contained in a nucleus?

Both plant and animal cells

Two unknown cells are observed: Cell 1 and Cell2. Cell 1 is identified as a plant cell and Cell 2 as an animal cell. What was most likely observed to correctly identify the cells?

Cell 1 had a cell wall and Cell 2 did not

Joy took the notes shown below while learning about cells. • Forms boundary between a cell and the outside environment • Controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell • Consists of double layer of phospholipids She forgot to write the name of the cell structure that her class was studying that day. What structure is described in her notes?

Cell membrane

In pure water, a red blood cell from an animal will swell and burst, but a leaf cell from a plant will not. Which structure in the leaf cell is responsible for this difference?

Cell wall

Cell theory was first proposed in 1838. Evidence obtained through additional scientific investigations resulted in the current cell theory. Which statement describes a component of the original cell theory that was removed because of the new scientific knowledge?

Cells form through spontaneous generation

What contains complex, membrane-bound organelles?

Eukaryotic

The cell membrane controls movement of materials into and out of the cell. The following particles are moving from high concentration to low concentration and are using a carrier protein. How would you describe this type of movement across the membrane?

Facilitated diffusion

Predict what might happen if distilled water was given to the patient instead of blood?

Have serious, perhaps fatal effects because of the red blood cells would tend to burst

What is the advantage of the folded membrane?

Increases surface area in order to produce more proteins

Which of the following functions does active transport perform in a cell?

Moving substances against a concentration gradient

Which dye could the technician use to determine whether the cells are prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Nile Blue

Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Ribosome

Which cell structure is correctly paired with its primary function?

Ribosome - Protein synthesis

What is the best explanation for the difference in the cellular vacuole size between a corn plant cell and a camel cell?

The camel cells' have a small vacuole size because it does not need long term water and electrolyte storage

What is the advantage of cells being so small?

The cell then has a larger surface area to volume ratio which means it can move nutrients into the cell and waste out more efficiently.

If a cell's lysosomes were damaged, which of the following would most likely occur?

The cell would be less able to break down molecules in its cytoplasm

Which invention from the 17th century allowed for the development of modern cell theory?

The light microscope

Using your knowledge about organelles and muscles, how would a muscle cell differ from other types of animal cells?

The muscle cell would have more mitochondria than the other types of animals cells

Which of the following information is needed in order to determine if an organisms is prokaryotic?

The organism's internal structures

A person with swollen gums rinses his mouth with warm salt water, and the swelling decreases. Which of the following has occurred?

The water in the gums has moved out due to high concentration of salt in the solution

Which characteristic do most plants have in common?

They are autotrophic

A plant and an animal are both living things. According to the Cell Theory, what can you conclude about these two very different organisms?

They are both made of one or more cells

The drawing below shows a beaker containing a 30% salt solution and a suspended cell containing a 10% salt solution. What statement best describes the cell after 20 minutes?

Water will move from the cell into the beaker, resulting in a smaller cell

Carrot sticks left in freshwater become stiff and hard. Carrot sticks left in saltwater become limp and soft. Fresh water is ___ and saltwater is ___

hypotonic, hypertonic

What is the name of the macromolecule that makes up the majority of the cell membrane?

lipid

The cell membrane of the red blood cell will allow water, oxygen, and and carbon dioxide to pass through. Because other substances are blocked from entering, this membrane is called:

semi-permeable