ch 12

Coenzymes play an important role in metabolism because they

aid in the function of activating enzymes.

A deficiency of pantothenic acid may occur in

an alcoholic. a nutrient-deficient diet.

Identify three food sources of thiamin.

Enriched flour Whole grains Pork

Megadoses of niacin are sometimes used to lower blood lipids in patients with cardiovascular disease. A risk of chronically exceeding the UL for niacin is damage to the

GI tract. liver.

systems are affected by vitamin B-6 deficiency?

Immune Cardiovascular Nervous

true statements about pantothenic acid deficiency.

Symptoms would be hidden among deficiencies of thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B-6, and folate. Might occur in alcoholism along with a nutrient-deficient diet. A pantothenic acid deficiency may be unrecognizable.

Functions of riboflavin include

assisting antioxidant reactions. release of energy from fatty acids.

Although the vitamin B-6 requirements of ______ are somewhat higher than the RDA, their needs are typically met by the diet.

athletes

Niacin is

a coenzyme in metabolic reactions that yield energy from food.

A deficiency of pantothenic acid may occur in

a nutrient-deficient diet. an alcoholic.

The coenzyme form of biotin functions to add ______ to compounds in metabolic reactions.

carbon dioxide

B vitamins are required for

chemical breakdown of carbohydrates. transamination of amino acids. synthesis of lipids.

A compound that combines with an inactive enzyme to form an active enzyme is called a(n)

coenzyme.

Food sources of riboflavin include

eggs. milk. enriched grains.

In North America, intake of B vitamins generally

exceeds recommendations.

The coenzyme form of pantothenic acid participates in

fatty acid synthesis. release of energy from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

Dementia, diarrhea, dermatitis, and death are symptoms of the deficiency disease known as

pellagra.

Cow's milk is an excellent source of

riboflavin.

Possible symptoms of biotin deficiency include ______.

skin inflammation muscle pain and weakness nausea and vomiting

The body's needs for niacin are met by

synthesis from tryptophan. food sources.

The functions of vitamin B-6 include

synthesis of nonessential amino acids. synthesis of neurotransmitters. homocysteine metabolism.

Nutrients are lost during refinement of grains because

the germ, bran, and husk are discarded.

A riboflavin deficiency usually occurs with a deficiency of several other B vitamins because

these nutrients often occur in the same foods.

Beriberi is a deficiency disease caused by a lack of

thiamin.

The B vitamin required as a coenzyme to release energy from carbohydrates and some amino acids is

thiamin.

The coenzyme form of ______ participates in more than 100 amino acid metabolism reactions, including homocysteine metabolism.

vitamin B-6

The Adequate Intake for pantothenic acid for adults is ______ for adult men and women.

5 milligrams per day

The coenzyme forms of ______ are integral to the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and protein for energy.

B vitamins

Choose the true statements about pantothenic acid deficiency.

Might occur in alcoholism along with a nutrient-deficient diet. A pantothenic acid deficiency may be unrecognizable. Symptoms would be hidden among deficiencies of thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B-6, and folate.

Which two food groups supply the most thiamin in the typical American diet?

Protein foods Grains

Which of the following B-vitamins plays a role in the body's antioxidant defense system as a coenzyme for glutathione peroxidase?

Riboflavin

A person experiencing weakness, loss of appetite, poor coordination, and edema caused from lack of thiamin is experiencing the deficiency disease known as

beriberi.

High intakes of nicotinic acid can lead to

itching. facial flushing. headache.

Typical North American B vitamin status is good because

many foods are fortified with B vitamins. sources of B-vitamins are plentiful. B vitamins are efficiently absorbed.

Compared to refined or processed grains, whole grains contain

more fiber. more vitamin E. more magnesium.

The coenzyme forms of ______ are involved in breakdown and synthesis of fat and protein.

niacin

Which of the following B-vitamins functions in the release of energy from carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins as well as in fatty acid synthesis? Its name comes from the Greek word meaning "from every side."

pantothenic acid