Ch 15 - Autonomic Nervous System

Which of these statements accurately describes how the general visceral motor system of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) differs from the general somatic motor system? ANS motor axons are more thickly myelinated than somatic motor axons. The conduction of impulses through the ANS is quicker than conduction through the somatic motor system. Motor units in the ANS include a chain of two motor neurons. The dorsal root ganglia contain cell bodies of motor neurons.

Motor units in the ANS include a chain of two motor neurons.

The general visceral motor division of the peripheral nervous system describes the parasympathetic division. sympathetic division. autonomic nervous system.

autonomic nervous system.

Which statement is true concerning the innervation of adrenal medulla? After synapsing in the celiac ganglion, postganglionic sympathetic fibers stimulate the secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla. Postganglionic sympathetic axons terminate in the adrenal medulla and stimulate the release of acetylcholine. Preganglionic sympathetic axons terminate in the adrenal medulla and stimulate the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine. Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers synapse in the body wall of the adrenal medulla. Postganglionic neurons secrete into the bloodstream to initiate the "rest and digest" response.

Preganglionic sympathetic axons terminate in the adrenal medulla and stimulate the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine. The adrenal medulla is a modified sympathetic ganglion containing postganglionic cells that release neurotransmitters when stimulated.

Cranial parasympathetic outflow is contained in all of the following cranial nerves except the accessory. facial. glossopharyngeal. vagus.

accessory.

The sympathetic pathways to the extremities, direct impulses to which of these structures/tissues? skeletal muscles of the arms and legs the heart and lungs peripheral blood vessels and salivary glands arrector pili muscles and sweat glands

arrector pili muscles and sweat glands

Which region of the spinal cord does NOT contain any autonomic neurons? cervical lumbar thoracic sacral

cervical The cervical region is the only region that does not contain preganglionic sympathetic neuronal cell bodies.

What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation of respiratory bronchioles in the lungs? dilation no effect constriction decreased secretion of mucus

constriction

The enteric nervous system functions __________. entirely within the adrenal medulla entirely within the walls of the heart entirely within the wall of the digestive tube as the main integration center of the autonomic nervous system to trigger a mass reflex reaction

entirely within the wall of the digestive tube

The overall integrating center for the ANS. rami communicantes medulla oblongata sympathetic trunk medulla hypothalamus

hypothalamus

Which region of the central nervous system integrates the activities of the autonomic nervous system? spinal cord limbic system brain stem hypothalamus

hypothalamus The hypothalamus controls the activities of the autonomic nervous system directly and links to the brain stem nuclei of the reticular formation.

Control of temperature, of autonomic nervous reflexes, of hunger, and of sleep are functions associated with the thalamus. cerebellum. medulla. hypothalamus.

hypothalamus.

The part of the brain that exerts more control over autonomic functioning than any other part is the cerebral cortex. cerebellum. hypothalamus. thalamus.

hypothalamus.

Where would you not find an autonomic ganglion? in the cervical region in the head in the armpit alongside the vertebral column

in the armpit

Which type of nerve fibers make up the autonomic nervous system (ANS)? somatic and visceral motor fibers visceral sensory and motor fibers sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers only parasympathetic fibers

sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers The autonomic nervous system is the visceral motor division, composed of sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons.

Division of the ANS most active during vigorous exercise describes the parasympathetic division. sympathetic division. autonomic nervous system.

sympathetic division.

Division of the ANS responsible for the fight-or-flight response describes the parasympathetic division. sympathetic division. autonomic nervous system.

sympathetic division.

The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of reflex control. vagus nerve activity. parasympathetic innervation. sympathetic stimulation.

sympathetic stimulation.

Ganglia of this structure are connected to the ventral rami of spinal nerves through the rami communicantes. sympathetic trunk collateral ganglia pre-vertebral ganglia inferior hypogastric plexus celiac ganglion

sympathetic trunk

Identify the pathway that correctly traces the movement of preganglionic sympathetic fibers. dorsal root to gray ramus communicans to sympathetic trunk ganglion ventral root to sympathetic trunk ganglion to white ramus communicans dorsal root to sympathetic trunk ganglion to gray ramus communicans ventral root to white ramus communicans to sympathetic trunk ganglion

ventral root to white ramus communicans to sympathetic trunk ganglion

Because the fibers of the sympathetic division arise from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord, they cannot innervate structures of the head or pelvis. True False

False

Fibers from the cranial and sacral regions of the spinal cord contribute to the sympathetic division. True False

False

Parasympathetic fibers innervate the sweat glands, arrector pili, and smooth muscles of the arteries. True False

False

Parasympathetic stimulation of blood vessels causes vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure. True False

False

Sympathetic trunk ganglia contain the cell bodies of sensory neurons and are located in the dorsal root of the spinal cord. True False

False

What is the role of the gray rami communicantes? They carry parasympathetic outflow from the spinal cord via splanchnic nerves. They are the postganglionic sympathetic axons that direct impulses to intended peripheral organs. They ascend or descend in the sympathetic trunk to synapse in collateral ganglia. They are the axons of preganglionic sympathetic neurons traveling to the sympathetic trunk ganglia.

They are the postganglionic sympathetic axons that direct impulses to intended peripheral organs.

Which of these statements concerning gray rami communicantes is incorrect? They are associated with sympathetic trunk ganglia. They carry postganglionic fibers to peripheral structures. They contain all the preganglionic fibers traveling to the sympathetic chain. Their fibers are unmyelinated.

They contain all the preganglionic fibers traveling to the sympathetic chain.

Which of these statements accurately describes a similarity between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS ? Both divisions induce vasodilation of coronary blood vessels. They innervate different organs, but induce similar effects. Both divisions provide rapid systemic responses to dangerous stimuli. Both divisions include some cranial nerves to transmit impulses to organs in the head and neck. They innervate many of the same visceral organs.

They innervate many of the same visceral organs.

Postganglionic sympathetic fibers are relatively long compared to those of the parasympathetic division. True False

True

Preganglionic fibers are myelinated, whereas postganglionic fibers are unmyelinated. True False

True

The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions can be distinguished by the amount of branching of the post-ganglionic fibers. True False

True

What influence does the cerebral cortex have on the ANS? Voluntary sympathetic activation occurs when the cerebral cortex acts on the amygdala when one remembers a scary event. Feelings of calm can be elicited because of the cerebral cortex's influence on sympathetic centers in the hypothalamus. There is no voluntary control over the ANS. Feelings of irritation, anger, and frustration can be exacerbated by the cerebral cortex's influence on parasympathetic centers in the hypothalamus.

Voluntary sympathetic activation occurs when the cerebral cortex acts on the amygdala when one remembers a scary event.

Over 90% of all preganglionic parasympathetic fibers are in cranial nerve VII. III. X. V.

X.

Postganglionic sympathetic fibers to sweat glands and peripheral blood vessels secrete _________. acetylcholine norepinephrine either acetylcholine or norepinephrine, depending on whether one is in fight-or-flight or rest-and-digest mode serotonin

acetylcholine These are the examples of postganglionic fibers that do not secrete norepinephrine.

The site of origin of the preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system is the brain stem and the sacral region of the cord. thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord. higher brain centers. chain and prevertebral ganglia.

brain stem and the sacral region of the cord.

Stimulation of the vagus nerve in the baroreceptor reflex causes __________. decreased heart rate erection of the penis increased gastric secretions decreased oxygen demand by the body

decreased heart rate

If you were very nervous about speaking in front of a group of people, which of the following would be likely to develop? Parasympathetic stimulation of the adrenal medulla to secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine into the bloodstream sympathetic stimulation of constrictor muscles in the eyes to constrict pupils dry mouth, due to sympathetic inhibition of secretions from the salivary glands sympathetic dilation of most blood vessels, and a decrease in blood pressure parasympathetic contraction of the smooth muscles of the bladder wall, promoting voiding

dry mouth, due to sympathetic inhibition of secretions from the salivary glands

Another name for the ANS is the general peripheral nervous system. general visceral motor system. general somatic motor system. branchial motor system.

general visceral motor system.

Cell bodies of the preganglionic sympathetic neurons are located within the intramural ganglia. sympathetic trunk. dorsal root ganglia. lateral gray horns of the spinal cord.

lateral gray horns of the spinal cord.

Cell bodies of preganglionic sympathetic neurons are located within the dorsal root ganglia. lateral horns of the gray matter of the spinal cord. intramural ganglia. sympathetic trunk.

lateral horns of the gray matter of the spinal cord.

The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is characterized by __________. widespread effects on specific organs and short postganglionic axons near organ of innervation widespread effects on specific organs and preganglionic neurons synapsing with ganglionic neurons that have long postganglionic axons release of acetylcholine from preganglionic axons and norepinephrine from the postganglionic axons localized effects on specific organs and short postganglionic axons near organ of innervation

localized effects on specific organs and short postganglionic axons near organ of innervation

The ANS is the system of __________ neurons that regulates such functions as __________. sensory / heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure bipolar / vision, hearing, balance, olfaction, and taste motor / heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure somatic motor / skeletal muscle movements

motor / heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure

Division that is dominant during rest, digestion, and excretion. parasympathetic enteric nervous system sympathetic inferior hypogastric plexus cholinergic

parasympathetic

In which autonomic division do nerve cell bodies lie closest to the organs being innervated? sympathetic somatic motor parasympathetic visceral sensory

parasympathetic

Which division of the autonomic nervous system has preganglionic fibers within the facial nerve? somatic parasympathetic CNS sympathetic

parasympathetic

This division can also be called the craniosacral division. parasympathetic division sympathetic division autonomic nervous system

parasympathetic division

Division of the ANS most active when the body is at rest describes the parasympathetic division. sympathetic division. autonomic nervous system.

parasympathetic division.

The parasympathetic nervous system is characterized by peripheral ganglia near the organs, and long postganglionic fibers. peripheral ganglia near the organs, and short postganglionic fibers. peripheral ganglia near the spinal cord, and long postganglionic fibers. peripheral ganglia near the spinal cord, and short postganglionic fibers.

peripheral ganglia near the organs, and short postganglionic fibers.

Cell body of this autonomic neuron lies outside the CNS. splanchnic nerves post-ganglionic neuron collateral ganglia rami communicantes pre-ganglionic neuron

post-ganglionic neuron

The trunk ganglia contain what kind of cell bodies? preganglionic sympathetic postganglionic sympathetic postganglionic parasympathetic preganglionic parasympathetic

postganglionic sympathetic

Cell body of this autonomic neuron lies within the CNS. splanchnic nerves post-ganglionic neuron pre-ganglionic neuron rami communicantes collateral ganglia

pre-ganglionic neuron

What stimulates the adrenal medulla to secrete its excitatory neurohormones? postganglionic sympathetic neurons preganglionic sympathetic neurons preganglionic parasympathetic neurons postganglionic parasympathetic neurons

preganglionic sympathetic neurons

Which of these descriptions is not a result of parasympathetic stimulation? production of goose bumps increased peristalsis of the digestive viscera constriction of the pupils contraction of the bladder wall in urination

production of goose

Short nerve branches that connect the ventral rami of spinal nerves to the sympathetic ganglia. hypothalamus rami communicantes medulla medulla oblongata sympathetic trunk

rami communicantes

All of the following have only sympathetic innervation except the blood vessels. sweat glands. salivary glands. arrector pili.

salivary glands.

Which of these is not innervated by the ANS? smooth muscle glands cardiac muscle skeletal muscle

skeletal muscle

Which of these organs/tissues are NOT innervated by parasympathetic fibers, or do not exhibit parasympathetic effects? blood coagulation, mental activity, and vagina sweat glands, arrector pili muscles, and adipose tissue the eye (ciliary muscles), cellular metabolism, and heart adrenal medullae, kidney, and gallbladder

sweat glands, arrector pili muscles, and adipose tissue

Division that is dominant during exercise, excitement, or emergencies. enteric nervous system inferior hypogastric plexus cholinergic parasympathetic sympathetic

sympathetic

Which autonomic division increases heart rate? somatic sympathetic cranial parasympathetic

sympathetic

Which division of the autonomic nervous system innervates the sweat glands in skin? sympathetic parasympathetic integumentary somatic

sympathetic

Where do sympathetic preganglionic fibers synapse? in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord dorsal root ganglia sympathetic trunk and collateral ganglia body wall of target organ

sympathetic trunk and collateral ganglia Sympathetic preganglionic fibers synapse in the sympathetic trunk ganglia or in the collateral ganglia (celiac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, and inferior hypogastric ganglia).

Sympathetic fibers leave the spinal cord in the craniosacral regions, and the postganglionic fibers secrete norepinephrine. thoracolumbar region, and the postganglionic fibers secrete acetylcholine. craniosacral regions, and the postganglionic fibers secrete acetylcholine. thoracolumbar region, and the postganglionic fibers secrete norepinephrine.

thoracolumbar region, and the postganglionic fibers secrete norepinephrine.

Parasympathetic postganglionic fibers of the head travel within the trigeminal nerve. vestibulocochlear nerve. facial nerve. accessory nerve.

trigeminal nerve.

Referred pain from the small intestines would be felt in the __________, whereas referred pain from the liver would be felt in the __________. superior right thoracic region and superior right quadrant / right shoulder left medial upper extremity / thighs, hips, and pelvic region umbilical region / superior right thoracic region and superior right quadrant thighs, hips, and pelvic region / umbilical region None of the listed choices is correct.

umbilical region / superior right thoracic region and superior right quadrant

Which of the following cranial nerves does not supply parasympathetic fibers to the head? glossopharyngeal facial oculomotor vagus

vagus

Where are cell bodies of somatic motor neurons located? sympathetic trunk dorsal root ganglia ventral horn of spinal cord lateral horn of spinal cord

ventral horn of spinal cord In the spinal cord, the cell bodies of somatic motor neurons are located in the ventral horn gray matter.

The gray and white rami communicantes attach to the spinal nerves. dorsal roots. dorsal root ganglia. ventral rami.

ventral rami.