Ch 5: Fats

Which of the following are good food sources of saturated fat? Check all that apply. - Butter - Tofu - Peanut Butter - Palm Oil - Beef - Salmon - Coconut Oil

- Butter - Palm Oil - Beef - Coconut Oil

Check all that apply: The end products of fat energy metabolism are - Fatty acids and glycerol - Monosaccharides - CO2, H2O, and energy - The same as carbohydrate energy (aerobic energy metabolism)

- CO2, H2O, and energy - The same as carbohydrate energy (aerobic energy metabolism)

Which of the following are good food sources of linoleic acid (18:2)? Check all that apply. - Fatty fish (salmon, tuna) - Corn oil - Flaxseed oil - Sunflower oil - Peanut oil - Safflower oil - Beef

- Corn oil - Sunflower oil - Safflower oil

You ate dinner last night, went to bed, and woke up in the morning. Describe energy metabolism this morning. First, select the energy statement for this scenario: - Energy nutrients are brought out of storage - Energy nutrients are put away into storage - Glycogen stores in the liver and muscle have run out

- Energy nutrients are brought out of storage

Which of the following are good food sources of linolenic acid (18:3)? Check all that apply. - Fatty fish (salmon, tuna) - Whole flaxseeds - Flaxseed meal - Flaxseed oil - Vegan butter - Beef - Walnuts

- Fatty fish (salmon, tuna) - Flaxseed meal - Flaxseed oil - Walnuts

Which of the following foods are sources of trans fat? Check all that apply. - Margarine - Egg yolks - Butter - Cookies - Coconut oil - Vegan cookies made with hydrogenated oils - Vegetable shortening (Crisco) - Tuna - Chips - Chips made with hydrogenated oils

- Margarine - Vegan cookies made with hydrogenated oils - Vegetable shortening (Crisco) - Chips made with hydrogenated oils

What type of fat is in avocados, olives, and olive oil? Check all that apply. - Monounsaturated fats - Oleic acid (18:1) - Polyunsaturated fat - Linoleic (18:2, omega-6) - Linolenic acid (18:3, omega-3) - Saturated fat

- Monounsaturated fats - Oleic acid (18:1)

Which of the following are good food sources of monounsaturated fat (18:1)? Check all that apply. - Fatty fish - Olive oil - Peanut Oil - Flaxseed meal - Beef - Avocado - Eggs

- Olive oil - Peanut Oil - Avocado - Eggs

What type of fat is in pistachios, brazil nuts, and cashews ? Check all that apply. - Monounsaturated fats - Oleic acid (18:1) - Polyunsaturated fat - Linoleic (18:2, omega-6) - Linolenic acid (18:3, omega-3) - Saturated fat

- Polyunsaturated fat - Linoleic (18:2, omega-6)

Which of the following are good food sources of unsaturated fat? Check all that apply. - Butter - Tofu - Peanut Butter - Palm Oil - Beef - Salmon - Coconut Oil

- Tofu - Peanut Butter - Salmon

Which of the following contain cholesterol? Check all that apply. - butter - tofu - margarine - peanut butter - palm oil - beef - salmon - coconut oil

- butter - beef - salmon

Check all that apply: In the body, cholesterol is - made in the liver - used for energy - incorporated into cell membranes - converted into Vitamin D - used as a precursor to lipase - used as a precursor to bile

- made in the liver - incorporated into cell membranes - converted into Vitamin D - used as a precursor to bile

Check all that apply: Hydrogenation is a process that makes unsaturated fats - more solid - more liquid - contain trans fat - more resistant to oxidation (more stable) - contain more cholesterol

- more solid - contain trans fat - more resistant to oxidation (more stable)

What type of fat is in salmon? Check all that apply. - Monounsaturated fats - Oleic acid (18:1) - Polyunsaturated fat - Linoleic (18:2, omega-6) - Linolenic acid (18:3, omega-3) - Saturated fat

-Polyunsaturated fat -Linolenic acid (18:3, omega-3)

What is the Daily Value for trans fat?

0, there is no set DV for trans fat

You ate dinner last night, went to bed, and woke up in the morning. Describe energy metabolism this morning. You will select your answer from the list below and type in the corresponding letter (i.e. type "a" for "glycogen in the muscle and liver). Some answers have already been filled in for you. Glycogen in the muscle and liver Body protein Body fat stores Glycogen in the muscle only Glycogen in the liver only Glucose Amino acid Triglyceride/fatty acid Brain energy Energy for other tissues Replenishing glycogen stores Replenishing body protein Energy Source Basic Unit In The Body Used For A → B → Brain energy and energy for other tissues C → Triglyceride/fatty acid → D

A: Glycogen in the muscle and liver B: Glucose C: Body Fat stores D: Energy for other tissues

Energy nutrient from food --> Basic unit in the body --> stored as

Carb --> glucose --> glycogen in muscle and liver/fat in body fat stores Fat --> Triglyiceride/fatty acid --> body fat stores Protein --> Amino acid --> protein replacement needs first/nitrogen in the urine/excess stores as fat

In an 18:1 fatty acid, the "18" represents the number of __________ and the "1" represents the number of __________.

Carbon atoms; C=C double bonds

The transport form of fat and cholesterol in the blood stream resulting directly from a meal is a

Chlyomicron Chylomicrons are the lipoproteins formed from dietary fat. These lipoproteins transport triglycerides from the meal. Chylomicrons form in the small intestine and move to the circulation to deliver triglycerides to body cells.

What do milk, butter, cheese, yogurt contain?

Cholesterol, saturated fat

In a given food fat such as flaxseed oil, the triglyceride contains exclusively one type of fatty acid (saturated or unsaturated).

False Fats in foods are a mix of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. A food fat is called a "saturated fat" if the majority of the fatty acids are saturated, whereas a food fat is called an "unsaturated fat" if the majority of the fatty acids are unsaturated.

True or false: Olive oil and olives supply essential fats.

False Olive oil and olives are good sources of monounsaturated fat (18:1, oleic acid), but monounsaturated fat is not an essential fatty acid since the body is able to make it. The essential fatty acids in our diet are linoleic acid (18:2, omega-6) and linolenic acid (18:3, omega-3).

If you eat more protein than you need at any given time, in an otherwise adequate diet, the excess amino acids are largely converted to:

Fatty acids

___________ is/are the primary fuel for the brain and red blood cells.

Glucose

Which of the following is true about energy metabolism during a 24- to 36-hour fast? Ketones are made from amino acids Ketones are made from fat Glucose can be made from fat stores Glycogen stores in the muscle only have run out Glycogen stores in the liver and muscle have run out Glucose can be made from amino acids

Glucose can be made from amino acids Ketones are made from fat Glycogen stores in the liver and muscle have run out

After a prolonged fast (>24 hrs), levels of nitrogen in the urine _________ as compared to the fed state.

Increase

Which of the following fat(s) is/are essential in the diet? Check all that apply. - Oleic acid (18:1) - Linoleic acid (18:2) - Palmitic (16:0) - Stearic acid (18:0) - Linolenic (18:3)

Linoleic (18:2) and Linolenic (18:3) Although oleic acid (18:1) is associated with many health benefits, our body is able to make this fatty acid, so it's not an essential fat.

Fat is transported through the circulation system to various tissues, such as muscle and adipose tissues, as:

Lipoproteins, composed primarily of triglyceride, cholesterol, and protein

Does LDL have a food source?

No you make it in your own body

Digestive enzymes for protein, carbohydrate, and fat come from the

Pancreas The pancreas is the organ that secretes all digestive enzyme for protein, carbohydrate, and fat. The mouth begins the process of digestion with chewing and saliva, the gallbladder stores and secretes bile, the small intestine is the primary site for absorption, and the liver detoxifies chemicals and metabolizes drugs.

Essential fats are used to make

Prostaglandins The essential fats, linoleic acid (18:2) and linolenic acid (18:3), are used to make hormone-like substances, called prostaglandins, which help mediate the inflammatory response from the immune system.

What do margarine and crisco shortening, cookies made with hydrogenated oils contain?

Trans fat, saturated fat (bc solid at room temp)

___________ is the chemical form in food fat and body fat.

Triglyceride Triglyceride is the basic unit of fat and is made up of one glycerol backbone with three fatty acids. This is the chemical structure of fat found in foods and in your body.

True or false: Fat's insolubility in water affects digestion, absorption, and transport through the circulation.

True

Check all that apply: If saturated fatty acids predominate in a fat, the fat will - be a good source of essential fat (18:2) linoleic acid - be liquid at room temperature - always be rich in cholesterol - be solid at room temperature

be solid at room temperature

Fats are made up of

fatty acids and glycerol

What is a triglyceride?

glycerol (C3) and 3 fatty acids

Fats in butter and beef are ____________ in saturated fat, ____________ in polyunsaturated fat, and ____________ in form (choose the best combination of terms for the respective characteristics).

high/low/solid

What is a lipoprotein?

the transport form of fat and cholesterol in the circulation