Ch. 7 Inquizitive
Place these major events in the expansion of Islamic empires into chronological order.
Abu-Bakr A conflict over The Umayyad The Abbasid The Fatimids
What characteristics made the Emperor Justinian an outsider to the society of Constantinople?
He came from a Latin-speaking region. He married a commoner, rather than an aristocrat
How did Charlemagne's conquests help him consolidate his power?
He gained support by giving his followers land and luxury items from conquered territories
A powerful set of practices and ideals collectively known as mos maiorum unified the old Roman Empire and helped legitimate leaders' political power. Did mos maiorum continue to serve this function in the Byzantine government?
No, orthodox christianity
What were the two main military threats to Byzantine territory in the seventh and eighth centuries? (They were not necessarily threats at the same time.)
Persians Arab Muslims
Why might Arab rule have been preferable to rule by Byzantine or Persian governments?
Arab leaders were more tolerant of Jews and Christian sects than Byzantine and Persian rulers. Arab rule seemed like a way to escape Byzantine and Persian taxation and bureaucracy
Where did Islam originate?
Arabian Peninsula
Which statement best describes the Byzantine economy?
As it was in the fourth century
What happened when cities in the western Roman Empire lost their capacity for self-defense?
Barbarian kings and many commoners moved away from urban centers to agrarian settlements.
Which of the following were products of the Carolingian Renaissance?
Carolingian miniscule musical notation recopied Latin texts and new Latin poetry
Charlemagne is credited with establishing a system of coinage, based on an ongoing influx of silver. Where did much of this silver come from?
Charlemagne's empire captured people in war and sold them into slavery in exchange for Abbasid silver
Monasteries were convenient places to house the powerful widows of former leaders. / Monasteries appealed to this person because they brought new economic opportunities. / Monasteries offered unprecedented opportunities for leadership to this person. \ Monasteries offered intellectual and physical freedoms otherwise unavailable to this person.
Correct label: new lord whose father recently died Correct label: local artisan man Correct label: aristocratic woman Correct label: peasant woman
During his reign, Justinian reestablished the Roman Empire of the early fourth century.
False
Justinian's Corpus Juris Civilis was a clear break with Roman legal tradition.
False
The - were a group of Germanic tribes who moved into Gaul—modern France—while it was under Roman control. As the western Roman Empire fell apart, a warlord from this group named - gained control of Gaul. The dynasty he established was called the -, after his grandfather, Merovich. His name survived throughout French royal history in altered form, as -
Franks Clovis Merovingian Louis
How did Charlemagne exercise direct power over the Christian Church?
He appointed local religious officials. He supervised the election of new popes. He made rules about the conduct of monks in monasteries.
What role did Islam play in the expansion of the early Arab Empire?
Islam helped unify formerly independent tribes
What important precedents were established when Boniface had Pepin anointed king of the Franks?
It emphasized the less-than-absolute power of medieval kings. It broadened the Pope's role in legitimizing European political leaders.
How did the Merovingian kingdom benefit from the growing network of monasteries in its territory?
It promoted trade and improved the economy in rural areas. It developed new farming tools that increased agricultural output. It supported literacy, which was necessary for administration.
Persian practice Hellenistic traditions in Persia and Rome Roman educated and bureaucratic classes
Powerful Abbasid caliphs used heavy taxation to fund a substantial professional military. Abbasid caliphs in Baghdad and Umayyad caliphs in Córdoba were generous patrons of arts and scholarship. Umayyad caliphs employed well-trained architects and people who were literate in Greek.
What economic changes exemplified the breakdown of the old Roman system in western Europe?
Powerful lords turned to looting and extortion to acquire luxury goods. Workers left the latifundias, gaining independence but losing agricultural productivity. Shortages of silver and gold made trade difficult.
In 541-542 C.E., an outbreak of bubonic plague devastated communities across a vast region. Historians now believe that in addition to devastating Rome and Persia, the plague extended to - in the north and far into - in the south. The initial outbreak is believed to have killed around - people. Even though it would recur over the next 200 years, affecting people in many regions, western historians refer to it as the -.
Scandinavia Africa 25 million Justinian plague
How did Justinian's Code, the Corpus Juris Civilis, have an impact on the West?
The canon law of the Roman Catholic Church was strongly influenced by the Corpus. Several modern countries have legal codes that are based on the Corpus.
Which of these reasons contributed to the dissolution of Charlemagne's empire after his death?
The empire's economic system was negatively affected by trade disruptions. The king's power rested too much on the ability to provide newly conquered land to his followers. The Franks still not had solved the problem of peaceful succession of power.
What were the effects of the Iconoclast Controversy?
The fight increased the rift between the eastern and western churches. Much of the artwork created between the birth of Christianity and the eighth century was destroyed.
Why did Scandinavian Vikings begin to attack European settlements?
They began in response to economic and political instability in the Abbasid Caliphate.
In their attempts to spread Christianity, how did Christians meld pagan practices with Christian worship?
They built churches on sites that were sacred to pagans. They folded elements of pagan worship into Christian rituals.
Byzantine Romans studied Homer, Thucydides, and Plato, but not Aristotle. How is this rejection of Aristotle related to the fact that these Romans also neglected Hellenistic science?
They rejected Aristotelian logic and his emphasis on empiricism, both of which are necessary to science.
Put these events in the rise of the Carolingian Empire into chronological order.
charles maretl claimed charled martel consolidated pepin gained political legacy after his father, pepin, died charlamegne delegated
How were Frankish kings selected in the Merovingian period?
election by tribal leaders
The monastic system in Gaul began in the Mediterranean south and gradually spread north and west across the region.
false
The term Middle Ages was coined by a Roman Pope to describe the period between the end of the Roman Empire and the spread of Christianity.
false
Who were the iconodules?
ideological and political enemies of Iconoclasts people who considered images of God and Jesus to be legitimate parts of religious ritual
Islamic empires used extensive record keeping and had (comparatively) high levels of literacy. What imported technological innovation made this possible, and where did it come from?
paper, from China
Pope Gregory I was responsible for wide-ranging Church developments. Given his contributions, which two roles best describe the part he played for the Church?
political head of state theologian
Which of these are accurate descriptions of monasteries in the Frankish kingdoms?
stores of local wealth agents of religious conversion repositories of knowledge
After Roman authority disintegrated, what was the foundation of local lords' power?
the ability to distribute land and luxury goods, acquired through plunder
What aspects of Byzantine life did the Roman Empire's complex bureaucracy oversee?
the military prices and wages church organization and observance of holidays chariot racing and fans of chariot racing
As is evident from this coin, Charlemagne presented himself as reviving Roman power in Europe.
true
