Ch. 9 Quantitative and Qualitative Measurement Instruments
open-ended questions
These type of questions are more prevalent in qualitative research
questionnaire
a collection of questions is considered a?
qustionnaire
a document that contains questions and other types of items that are designed to solicit information appropriate for analysis is considered a?
contingency question
a question asked only of some respondents, depending on their response to some other question.
probe
a technique for soliciting in a non-directive and unbiased manner a more complete answer to a question
scales
allow us to represent complex variables with scores that provide greater potential for variance than would a single item.
contingency
an example of this kind of question is asking about the number of times a person has been pregnant should only be asked to woman
biased
an example of this kind of question would be assessing the attitudes of community residents about a half way house proposed for their neighborhood and asking residents if they agreed with prominent clergy in supporting the halfway house
close-ended questions
can be used in self-administered questionnaires, interview schedules, and are popular in quantitative research beacuse they provide a mass amount of data and are more easily processed.
qualitative interviews
can range from completely unstructured informal conversational interviews that use no measurment instruments to highly structured, standardized interviews in which interviewers must ask questions in the exact order and with the exact wording in which they are written in advance.
exhaustive
close-ended questions answer choices should be _______, meaning that they include all the possible responses expected. Researchers ensure this by adding "other" category
scales
include several indicators of a variable in one summary measure
standardized open-ended interview measurement
instrument consists of questions that are "written out in advance exactly the way they are to be asked in the interview"
unstructured qualitative interview
is a essentially a conversation in which the interviewer establishes a general direction for the conversation and pursues specific topics raised by the respondent. Ideally, the respondent does most of the talking.
interview guide
is a qualitative measurement instrument that lists in the outline form the topics and issues that the interviewer should cover in the interview, but it allows the interviewer to adapt the sequencing and wording of questions to each particular interview.
unstructured qualitative interview
is an interaction between an interviewer and a respondent in which the interviewer has a general plan of inquiry but not a specific set of questions that must be asked in particular words and in a particular order.
informal conversational interview
is an unplanned and unanticipated interaction between an interviewer and a respondent that occurs naturally during the course of observation.
informal conversational interview
is the most open-ended form of interviewing
likert scales
present respondents with statements followed by response choices for respondents to indicate whether they "strongly agree" "agree" "disagree" or are "undecided"
double-barreled question
questions to avoid as a researcher that involve asking questions with 'and'
biased
questions to be avoided by the researcher and that encourage respondents to answer in a particular way are said to be...?
standardized open-ended interview
researchers will want to ensure that all interviews are conducted in a consistent, thorough manner-with a minimum of interviewer effects and biases. When this is the aim the most appropriate strategy is to conduct a _______
the difference between quantitative and qualitative measures
the chief difference between quantitative and qualitative measures for asking people questions is that quantitative measures are always highly structured, tend to use close ended questions primarily, and may be administered in either an interview or questionnaire format, where as qualitative measures rely primarily on interviews that are usually unstructured and that mainly contain open-ended questions with in-depth probes.
scales
the cumulative measures of complex variables are called
close-ended questions
the respondent chooses their answer from a list of answer choices provided by the researcher
mutually exhaustive
the respondent should not feel compelled to select more than one answer
questionnaires
these provide s method of collecting data by (1) asking people questions, or (2) asking them to agree or disagree with statements that represent different points of view.
open-ended questions
this is where a respondent is asked to provide his or her answer to a quesion
qualitative open-ended interviewing
three forms include: 1. the informal conversational interview 2. the general interview guide approach, and 3. the standardized open-ended interview
semi-structured unterviews
used in qualitative studies that use interview guides that list in outline form the topics and issues the interview to be flexible, informal, and conversational and to adapt the style of the interview and the sequencing and wording of questions to each particular interviewee.
true
usually, short items in a questionnaire are better than long ones. T/F?