Chapter 1 - 2 Psychology

is an historical approach advocated by William James that concentrated on mental processes and the purposes of the mind and behavior in the individual's adaptation to the environment.

Functionalism

Which of the following is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter?

GABA

psychology emphasizes how perception is organized.

Gestalt

psychology is an approach that focuses on the idea that the whole is different from the sum of its parts.

Gestalt

Which of the following is true of the neuroscience perspective?

It emphasizes that the brain is central to understanding behavior, thought, and emotion.

Which American educator drew on functionalism to develop the field of school psychology?

John Dewey

The behavioral perspective is likely to suggest that how you act is the result of which of the following?

Learning history

The first woman to receive a doctorate in psychology was ______.

Margaret Floy Washburn

Your Answer correct Of the following, who was associated with the gestalt movement?

Max Wertheimer

What type of research methodology involves watching and documenting people's behavior, without changing the situation?

Naturalistic observation

Which psychological perspective examines how the brain and the nervous system affect behavior?

Neuroscience perspective

The major perspective of psychology that focuses on both individual differences and universal principles is

behavioral

Which perspective in psychology focuses on nurture over nature?

behavioral

The perspective of psychology that focuses primarily on unconscious behavior is

cognitive

Humanistic psychology focuses on the _____ as a determinant of behavior.

conscious

The speed of the action potential:

depends on the size of the axon and thickness of the myelin sheath.

The neurotransmitter ______ is involved in movement, attention, and learning.

dopamine

True or false: A disadvantage of theories is they do not provide a unified, coherent framework with which to understand phenomena.

false

The cognitive perspective _____.

focuses on how people think, understand, and know about the world

A theory is a ______.

framework to explain relationships between different facts or principles

is an approach that concentrates on what the mind does and the role of behavior in allowing people to adapt to their environment.

functionalism

The neurotransmitter ______ plays a role in memory.

glutamate

In comparison to a PhD, a PsyD psychologist is more likely to _____.

have been trained exclusively to treat mental disorders

What is the perspective of psychology that focuses on the uniqueness of each individual rather than similarities between people?

humanistic

Someone taking the nature side of the nature versus nurture debate is arguing for the importance of ______.

inheritance

The cognitive approach to the study of psychology focuses on

mental processes

Like structuralism, functionalism focuses on

mental processes.

It is hoped that advances in _______ will allow psychologists to focus more on prevention of psychological disorders rather than only treatment.

neuroscience

The ______ perspective in psychology considers how the body's functioning affects hopes and fears.

neuroscience

Chemicals that carry messages across the synapse to the dendrite (and sometimes the cell body) of a receiver neuron are called

neurotransmitters

The dendrite is the part of the neuron that:

receives information

John Dewey drew upon the functionalist approach to develop the field of psychology.

school

The process of systematically acquiring knowledge and understanding through the use of theories and testing hypotheses is called the

scientific method

_____ is a neurotransmitter that has been linked to sleep, eating, mood and pain.

serotonin

The division of the peripheral nervous system specializes in the control of voluntary movements and also communicates information to and from the sense organs.

somatic

Unlike counseling psychologists, clinical psychologists help people who are

suffering from serious psychological disorders.

The behavioral perspective emphasizes the role of ______ in behavior.

the brain

Which determinant of behavior is the main position of neuroscience psychology?

unconcious

Behaviors, events or other characteristics that can change or vary in a study are called

variables

The ______ perspective in psychology focuses on observable behavior rather than inner unconscious forces.

behavioral

A psychologist taking the behavioral perspective to study how people change during college would be most interested in which of the following?

A student's study habits.

Which of the following is an example of archival research?

A study examining ethnic differences in neighborhoods using census data.

Which of the following is an example of correlational research?

A study in which the researcher looks for a relationship between people's neighborhood demographics and their level of prejudice.

Which of the following is an example of a theory?

All people have an innate tendency toward positive growth in their life.

As part of her doctoral work, Alice is planning to use data that has been previously collected on groups of individuals to see if there is a relationship between poverty and alcoholism. Which of the following best describes Alice's research?

Archival

What type of research methodology utilizes census data or previous collections of data?

Archival research

Each theoretical perspective has a position somewhere on the "nature vs. nurture" debate. Which of the following perspectives would likely emphasize nurture more than nature?

Behavioral Humanistic

Which perspective in psychology takes the view of both nature and nurture?

Cognitive

True or false: Naturalistic observation utilizes existing data, such as written records.

False

A psychologist taking the humanistic perspective to study how people change during college would be most interested in which of the following?

The student's dreams for the future.

A psychologist taking the psychodynamic perspective to study how people change during college would be most interested in which of the following?

The unconscious motives that led the student to attend college in the first place.

Hermann Ebbinghaus and Max ______ led the gestalt movement.

Wertheimer

The limbic system consists of a series of dough nut-shaped structures that include the

amygdala. hippocampus.

Mary decided to measure intelligence in a group of children. She chose to do this using a specific IQ test. She was choosing ______.

an operational definition for intelligence

Researchers test hypotheses because theories _____.

are too general to be tested adequately

The brain-scanning technique that records electrical activity from electrode sensors on the outside of the skull is called

electroencephalogram (EEG)

messages are chemical messages that make it more likely that a receiving neuron will fire.

excitatory

When a researcher wants to correlate tension with depression, she develops tests that measure these two emotional states. The tests are her _________ of the variables she is interested in.

operational definitions

A gestalt psychologist interested in perception would suggest that

the whole is different from the sum of its parts.

are broad explanations and predictions concerning phenomena of interest.

theories

Correlational research involves gathering data on _____.

two sets of variables