Chapter 11 (not as great)

Anything that provides direction, intensity and persistence to behavior is A. motivation. B. performance. C. effectiveness. D. satisfaction.

A. motivation.

The clear emergence of a leader and the development of group norms and cohesiveness are the key indicators of the _____ stage of group development. A. norming B. performing C. forming D. storming

A. norming

The sum of forces that attract members to a group, provide resistance to leaving it, and motivate them to be active in it is called: A. group polarization. B. social facilitation. C. group cohesion. D. punctuated equilibrium.

C. group cohesion.

An individual's tendency to exert effort toward task accomplishment depends partly on the strength of his/her motive to achieve success. This concept is called: A. problem solving. B. customer orientation. C. relationship building. D. achievement orientation.

D. achievement orientation.

A person could potentially have good ___________ skills and still have poor feedback skills. A. communication B. listening C. assertiveness D. all of the above

D. all of the above

One limitation of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is that it fails to: A. consider an individual's higher order needs. B. place enough emphasis on an individual's lower order needs. C. address the general nature of the various types of basic human needs. D. make specific predictions as to how individuals will satisfy their needs.

D. make specific predictions as to how individuals will satisfy their needs.

The power component of the Rocket Model most likely relates to a team's: A. leadership style. B. commitment. C. accountability. D. resources.

D. resources.

Which term refers to the set of expected behaviors associated with a particular job or position? A. Group role B. Groupthink C. Social facilitation D. Punctuated equilibrium

A. Group role

Which of the following is a true statement about feedback? A. It is a good idea to stick to the facts as much as possible. B. Try not to make feedback too descriptive. C. Feedback is usually not effective if given soon after the behavior occurs. D. All of the above statements are true.

A. It is a good idea to stick to the facts as much as possible.

According to the two-factor theory, which of these is a hygiene factor? A. Job security B. Achievement C. Responsibility D. Advancement and growth

A. Job security

When giving performance feedback privately to a subordinate, what should a leader most likely emphasize? A. Positive behaviors and results B. Developmental opportunities C. Inadequacies and misbehaviors D. Necessary changes for the future

A. Positive behaviors and results

Which of the following is a common reason that leaders avoid delegation? A. Subordinates are too busy. B. The task is too insignificant. C. The costs are too extensive. D. Subordinates are too unskilled.

A. Subordinates are too busy.

Which of the following is an authority dynamic? A. Team task B. Skills and abilities C. Values and attitudes D. Information systems

A. Team task

In terms of the underlying causes of performance problems, leaders seem to have the most difficulty recognizing and rectifying: A. motivation problems. B. unclear expectations. C. employee skill deficits. D. resource shortages.

A. motivation problems.

Molly, a member of a product development team, is most likely experiencing _____ if she wonders, "Just what am I supposed to be doing?" A. role ambiguity B. role conflict C. role overload D. role insufficiency

A. role ambiguity

For a team to do well, the individuals composing the team must sometimes not maximize their individual effort. This is referred to as: A. subsystem nonoptimization. B. limited span of control. C. organizational process loss. D. intersender role conflict.

A. subsystem nonoptimization.

Which of the following statements is inaccurate concerning "pay for performance"? A. These programs offer to pay bonuses or commissions for results obtained. B. "Pay for performance" generally only applies to sales positions. C. One of the shortfalls of "pay for performance" systems is that they can be subject to situational factors that are not related to performance. D. All of these statements are true.

B. "Pay for performance" generally only applies to sales positions.

Which of the following would be an example of a non-contingent reward? A. An annual performance bonus check. B. A monthly salary check. C. A monthly commission check. D. None of these are non-contingent rewards.

B. A monthly salary check.

Which of the following is most likely an example of a non-contingent reward? A. Performance bonus B. Annual salary C. Monthly commission D. Stock options

B. Annual salary

Which of the following are characteristics of empowered employees? A. Have high competence. B. Are self-determined. C. The Self-Serving Bias. D. All of these are characteristics of empowered employees.

B. Are self-determined.

Which of the following would LEAST likely improve a leader's feedback skills? A. Being flexible B. Being critical C. Being descriptive D. Being specific

B. Being critical

Which statement about empowerment and the operant approach is most likely true? A. The situation is almost always fixed, and followers are the only variables important in the performance equation. B. By changing the situation, leaders can enhance followers' motivation, performance, and satisfaction. C. Restructuring work processes and procedures generally has little effect on follower's motivational levels. D. Most followers enjoy the challenge of doing things in new ways and feel immediately empowered.

B. By changing the situation, leaders can enhance followers' motivation, performance, and satisfaction.

What is the first step of effective delegation? A. Establishing a specific timeframe B. Deciding what activity to hand over C. Determining the objectives of the task D. Choosing an individual for the assignment

B. Deciding what activity to hand over

Which of the following is not one of the macro level psychological components that underlies empowerment? A. Motivation B. Fear C. Learning D. Stress

B. Fear

What are the most powerful determinants of task behaviors according to Locke and Latham? A. Values B. Goals C. Abilities D. Needs

B. Goals

Which of the following is NOT a macro psychological component that underlies empowerment? A. Motivation B. Influence C. Learning D. Stress

B. Influence

Which of the following reflects the degree to which people are given information about different reward procedures and are treated with dignity and respect? A. Decentralization B. Interactional justice C. Empowerment D. Distributive justice

B. Interactional justice

A manager makes the following statement to a subordinate, "I need this report back in five minutes, and it had better be perfect." Which term best describes this type of role conflict? BY yeT A. Interrole conflict B. Intrasender role conflict C. Person-role conflict D. Intersender role conflict

B. Intrasender role conflict

The phenomenon of reduced effort by people when they are not individually accountable for their work is referred to as: A. process loss. B. social loafing. C. group polarization. D. group storming.

B. social loafing.

Adopting an effective empowerment program takes A. motivation, learning and stress. B. training, trust and time. C. guidance, influence and support. D. self-determination, meaning and competence.

B. training, trust and time.

Which of the following is a possible solution for groupthink? A. Increasing group cohesiveness and engaging in more overbounding techniques. B. Isolating the group from outside sources which might bias decision making. C. Establishing an independent subgroup to make recommendations. D. Using mindguards to screen negative input from the group.

C. Establishing an independent subgroup to make recommendations.

Which of the following assesses the overall degree to which employees are satisfied with their organization and their job? A. Hygiene factors B. Facet satisfaction item C. Global satisfaction item D. Motivators

C. Global satisfaction item

Which of the following statements is most likely true about affectivity? A. People with positive affectivity tend to avoid new situations. B. Researchers have found that negative affectivity is not related to job dissatisfaction. C. People with a disposition for positive affectivity tend to react optimistically to changes. D. People with negative affectivity tend to be unhappy with their lives but enjoy their jobs.

C. People with a disposition for positive affectivity tend to react optimistically to changes.

According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which is the lowest level need? A. Belongingness needs B. Esteem needs C. Physiological needs D. Security needs

C. Physiological needs

What should a coach most likely do to help a follower stick to a development plan? A. Conduct a GAPS analysis B. Establish long-term objectives C. Schedule regular reflection sessions D. Delegate simple and challenging tasks

C. Schedule regular reflection sessions

Having specific goals is closely related to having ___________ goals. A. quality B. energizing C. observable D. specific

C. observable

The inefficiencies created by more and more people working together is called: A. groupthink. B. social loafing. C. process losses. D. deindividuation.

C. process losses.

At the organizational level, the Team Leadership Model (TLM) suggests that leaders examine the _____ that may be impacting the team. A. motivations B. creative skills C. reward systems D. interpersonal behaviors

C. reward systems

Which of the following involves making judgments about the adequacy of behavior with respect to certain criteria such as work-group or organizational goals? A. Reliability B. Responsiveness C. Performance D. Effectiveness

D. Effectiveness

Which of the following would most likely result in consistently higher effort and performance? A. Assigning goals that are both specific and difficult B. Having goals that are very difficult to achieve C. Assigning "do your best" goals D. Having multiple goals

A. Assigning goals that are both specific and difficult

Which of the following is most likely a true statement about feedback? A. Feedback should focus on facts rather than inferences. B. Overly descriptive feedback is too complex to be useful. C. Feedback is ineffective if given too soon after the behavior occurs. D. Providing both positive and negative feedback during one session is contradictory.

A. Feedback should focus on facts rather than inferences.

Which of the following would most likely result in consistently higher effort and performance? A. Goals that are both specific and difficult. B. Goals that are very difficult to achieve. C. "Do your best" goals. D. Having clear goals.

A. Goals that are both specific and difficult.

According to the authors of the text, what are the key components that define empowerment? A. Leaders delegate leadership and decision making down to the lowest level possible and equip followers with the resources, knowledge, and skills necessary to make good decisions. B. Leaders articulate a vision and specific goals and hold followers responsible for achieving them. C. Followers act as entrepreneurs and owners who question rules and make intelligent decisions. D. Empowerment is a bottom up approach that focuses on intelligent risk taking, growth, change, trust, and ownership.

A. Leaders delegate leadership and decision making down to the lowest level possible and equip followers with the resources, knowledge, and skills necessary to make good decisions.

Which statement best summarizes the components of empowerment as defined by the authors? A. Leaders delegate leadership and decision making down to the lowest level possible and equip followers with the resources, knowledge, and skills necessary to make good decisions. B. Leaders articulate a vision and specific goals and hold followers responsible for achieving them. C. Followers act as entrepreneurs and owners who question rules and make intelligent decisions. D. Empowerment is a bottom-up approach that focuses on intelligent risk taking, growth, change, trust, and ownership.

A. Leaders delegate leadership and decision making down to the lowest level possible and equip followers with the resources, knowledge, and skills necessary to make good decisions.

Which of the following statements is accurate concerning positive and negative affectivity? A. People with a disposition for positive affectivity consistently react to changes, events, or situations in a positive manner. B. Researchers have found that negative affectivity is not related to job dissatisfaction. C. People with positive affectivity tend to avoid new situations. D. All of these statements are accurate.

A. People with a disposition for positive affectivity consistently react to changes, events, or situations in a positive manner.

What is the LEAST likely way that a leader could improve team effectiveness? A. Putting subtle pressure on dissenting members of the team to ensure concept cohesiveness B. Designing input-stage variables at the individual, organizational, and team design levels C. Ensuring that the team has a clear sense of purpose and performance expectations D. Providing coaching while the team is performing its task

A. Putting subtle pressure on dissenting members of the team to ensure concept cohesiveness

Which of the following is a false statement concerning goals? A. Setting goals guarantee success. B. Goals are most likely to be achieved if there is commitment to them. C. Goals should be challenging but attainable. D. Goals accompanied by feedback reflect higher performance.

A. Setting goals guarantee success.

_____ refers to any time people increase their level of work due to the presence of others. A. Social facilitation B. Additive tasking C. Social loafing D. Overbounding

A. Social facilitation

In comparing teams and group members, which statement is most likely true? A. Team members can readily identify who is and who is not on the team; identifying members of a group may be more difficult. B. Group members have common goals; teams may not have the same degree of consensus about goals. C. Group members often have more differentiated and specialized roles than team members. D. Task interdependence typically is greater with groups than with teams.

A. Team members can readily identify who is and who is not on the team; identifying members of a group may be more difficult.

According to Ginnett's model of team leadership, groups must grapple with the issues of leadership climate and competence. These fit best within the realm of A. authority. B. group boundaries. C. norms. D. task structure.

A. authority.

Transformational leadership uses _____ as the fuel to drive followers' heightened motivational levels. A. emotion B. logic C. reasoning D. reward

A. emotion

One of the disadvantages of highly cohesive group is finding that, people in such groups often become more concerned with striving for unanimity than in objectively appraising different courses of action. This phenomenon is called A. groupthink. B. punctuated equilibrium. C. overbounding. D. ollieism.

A. groupthink.

According to the Rocket Model, the first step to building high-performing teams is to: A. identify the constituencies affecting the team. B. evaluate team and individual goals. C. build buy-in for the program. D. establish expected norms.

A. identify the constituencies affecting the team.

Receiving conflicting information from two or more people about their expectations for your work behavior reflects: A. intersender role conflict. B. intrasender role conflict. C. interrole conflict. D. person-role conflict.

A. intersender role conflict.

Among the following underlying causes of performance problems, leaders seem to have the most difficulty recognizing and rectifying A. motivation problems. B. unclear expectations. C. skill deficits. D. resource/equipment shortages.

A. motivation problems.

Which statement about delegation is most likely FALSE? A. Delegation is a simple way for leaders to free themselves of time-consuming chores. B. Delegation is an overused management option that frustrates most followers. C. Delegation increases the number of tasks accomplished by work groups. D. Delegation gives followers developmental opportunities.

B. Delegation is an overused management option that frustrates most followers.

Which question is most relevant to the task variable of team design? A. Are there too few or too many team members? B. Does the team have a meaningful piece of work? C. Has the team leader established a flexible climate? D. Does the team have an appropriate amount of diversity?

B. Does the team have a meaningful piece of work?

Which of the following statements concerning affectivity from the leader's perspective is not accurate? A. Different leadership experiences can result from leading a high percentage of followers having either positive or negative affectivity. B. Followers with negative affectivity generally have lower levels of productivity. C. A leader's own affectivity can strongly influence followers' morale or satisfaction levels. D. All of these are accurate statements.

B. Followers with negative affectivity generally have lower levels of productivity.

_____ are the informal rules that groups adopt to regulate and regularize group members' behaviors. A. Values B. Norms C. Ethics D. Outputs

B. Norms

Which of the following is one of the motivators described in Herzberg's Two Factor Theory? A. The work itself B. Pay C. Coworkers D. Job security

B. Pay

Which of the following most likely occurs when leaders articulate high expectations for followers? A. Hawthorne effect B. Pygmalion effect C. Golem effect D. Hierarchy effect

B. Pygmalion effect

Which of the following statements about affectivity is most likely FALSE? A. Leadership experiences are affected by the positive or negative affectivity of followers. B. Research shows a strong link between negative affectivity and low productivity levels. C. A leader's own affectivity can strongly influence followers' morale or satisfaction levels. D. Leaders can most likely improve job satisfaction by hiring upbeat, optimistic followers.

B. Research shows a strong link between negative affectivity and low productivity levels.

"Does the team have a meaningful piece of work, sufficient autonomy to perform it and access to knowledge of its results?" This relates to which of the following variables for a team to work effectively? A. Authority B. Task structure C. Norms D. Group boundaries

B. Task structure

Which of the following effects are the result of a leader's implicit and explicit expectations about goal accomplishment? A. The Goal-setting Effect B. The Pygmalion Effect C. The Self-Serving Bias D. The High-Expectation Effect

B. The Pygmalion Effect

Which of the following is one of the motivators described in Herzberg's two-factor theory? A. Working conditions B. The work itself C. Co-workers D. Job security

B. The work itself

Goals are most effective when they are: A. vaguely worded. B. challenging. C. general. D. easy.

B. challenging.

Education systems relate to A. authority dynamics. B. control systems. C. interpersonal behaviors. D. group dynamics.

B. control systems.

Teams with high levels of morale most likely: A. accomplish goals with limited resources. B. handle interpersonal conflict effectively. C. require few one-one-one meetings. D. delegate responsibilities frequently.

B. handle interpersonal conflict effectively.

Job satisfaction is A. how hard one works. B. how much one likes a specific kind of job. C. how well one works. D. how much one is motivated to work.

B. how much one likes a specific kind of job.

The first requirement for a team intervention to be successful is: A. brainstorming a range of positive feedback techniques. B. raising awareness about how teams really work. C. providing instrument-based team feedback. D. practicing behaviors with team role play.

B. raising awareness about how teams really work.

The first requirement for a team intervention to be success is that it involves A. a range of intervention techniques. B. raising awareness. C. instrument-based feedback. D. a good sense of real-time.

B. raising awareness.

According to the operant approach, which of the following statements would not describe a contingent reward? A. An insurance salesperson receives their monthly commission check. B. An employee receives an extra week of vacation time after their fifth year with the company. C. An employee receives their Holiday bonus checks. D. All of these describe contingent rewards.

C. An employee receives their Holiday bonus checks.

According to Herzberg's Two Factor Theory, which of the following are considered hygiene factors? A. Recognition B. Responsibility C. Coworkers D. Advancement and growth

C. Coworkers

According to Katzenbach and Smith, which of the following may be the most important single step in teamwork? A. Development B. Design C. Dream D. Dynamics

C. Dream

According to the Rocket Model, which of the following would LEAST likely build buy-in? A. Developing a compelling vision or purpose for the team B. Involving team members in the rule-setting process C. Exhibiting a high level of personal consideration D. Establishing the credibility of the team leader

C. Exhibiting a high level of personal consideration

Leaders who have little faith in their followers' ability to accomplish a goal are rarely disappointed. This refers to A. Placebo effect. B. Pygmalion effect. C. Golem effect. D. Hierarchy effect.

C. Golem effect.

When delegating an assignment, which of the following questions is LEAST relevant to address? A. How has the task been accomplished in the past? B. What are the limits of the subordinate's authority? C. How does the task relate to industry standards? D. What sources of help are available?

C. How does the task relate to industry standards?

Which of the following statements is not accurate concerning feedback? A. Sometimes supervisors hesitate to use positive feedback because they believe subordinates may see it as politically manipulative, ingratiating, or insincere. B. Leaders may give positive feedback infrequently if they believe good performance is expected and should not be recognized. C. Research has shown that subordinates believe their leaders give more feedback than their leaders think they do. D. None of these statements is accurate.

C. Research has shown that subordinates believe their leaders give more feedback than their leaders think they do.

Which of the following statements about feedback is most likely FALSE? A. Sometimes supervisors hesitate to use positive feedback because they believe subordinates will view it as insincere. B. Leaders may give positive feedback infrequently if they believe good performance is expected. C. Research shows that subordinates believe their leaders give more feedback than their leaders think they do. D. Followers will most likely perform at a higher level if they are given accurate, frequent feedback.

C. Research shows that subordinates believe their leaders give more feedback than their leaders think they do.

According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, which of the following is a hygiene factor? A. Recognition B. Responsibility C. Supervision D. Advancement

C. Supervision

Which of the following is a possible solution for groupthink? A. Increase cohesiveness. B. Isolate the group from outside sources which might bias decision making. C. Use independent subgroups to make recommendations. D. Use mindguards to screen negative information from the group.

C. Use independent subgroups to make recommendations.

Which of the following is NOT one of the components of the Rocket Model of Team Effectiveness? A. Power B. Morale C. Vision D. Buy-in

C. Vision

Performance is best described as: A. the likelihood that behaviors will be repeated without reward. B. judgments about the adequacy or inadequacy of behavior. C. behaviors directed toward the organization's mission. D. how much an individual enjoys a work activity.

C. behaviors directed toward the organization's mission.

Performance A. is the likelihood behavior an individual will initiate and continue exhibiting. B. involves making judgments about the adequacy of behavior with respect to certain criteria such as organizational goals. C. concerns those behaviors directed toward the organization's goals resulting from those behaviors. D. describes choosing a task to engage in establishing the level of effort to put forth on it and determining the degree of persistence in it over time.

C. concerns those behaviors directed toward the organization's goals resulting from those behaviors.

The _____ stage of development of groups is characterized by polite conversation, the gathering of superficial information about fellow members, and low trust. A. norming B. storming C. forming D. performing

C. forming

It is most likely important to have specific goals for the purpose of: A. eliminating competition. B. encouraging teamwork. C. measuring progress. D. delegating tasks.

C. measuring progress.

Herzberg labeled the factors that led to satisfaction at work as A. positive affectivity. B. hygiene factors. C. motivators. D. negative affectivity.

C. motivators.

Any consequence that increases the likelihood that a particular behavior will be repeated is called A. motivation. B. punishment. C. reward. D. preference.

C. reward.

Which of the following is one of the micro level psychological components that underlies empowerment? A. Influence B. Meaning C. Self-determination D. All of these are correct.

D. All of these are correct.

How does delegation most likely strengthen the organization? A. By developing valuable customers B. By utilizing more virtual teams C. By monitoring quality control D. By stimulating innovation

D. By stimulating innovation

Which of the following statements about goals is most likely FALSE? A. Determining just how challenging to make goals creates a dilemma for many leaders. B. Goal commitment is likely to increase with follower participation in goal setting. C. Followers exert the greatest effort when goals are accompanied by feedback. D. Easily attainable goals result in higher levels of effort and performance.

D. Easily attainable goals result in higher levels of effort and performance.

What is the first step in the coaching model developed by Peterson and Hicks? A. Determining what task to assign B. Creating a long-term development plan C. Conducting a gaps-of-the GAPS analysis D. Establishing a relationship based on trust

D. Establishing a relationship based on trust

Which term refers to interactions among team members, such as how they communicate with each other? A. Punctuated equilibrium B. Organizational shells C. Group polarization D. Group dynamics

D. Group dynamics

According to the text, a group is defined as "two or more persons who are interacting with one another in such a manner that each person influences and is influenced by each other person". Which of the following is an aspect of this definition? A. An individual can only belong to one group. B. Group members interact with, but do not influence, each other. C. It includes the concept of the one-way nature of influence between leaders, followers and situation. D. It incorporates the concept of reciprocal influence between leaders and followers.

D. It incorporates the concept of reciprocal influence between leaders and followers.

Based on the norms component of the Rocket Model, which statement is most likely FALSE? A. If the team or team leader is not explicit about setting the rules that govern team behavior, norms will simply evolve over time. B. Norms about how often and how long the team meets should be driven by the team's purpose and goals. C. The most important team norms relate to decision making, communication, and accountability. D. Leaders should address norms before discussing the context or mission components.

D. Leaders should address norms before discussing the context or mission components.

Which of the following is not a macro psychological component underlying empowerment? A. Learning B. Motivation C. Stress D. Meaning

D. Meaning

Functional, interdependent roles are characteristic of which stage of group development? A. Forming B. Storming C. Norming D. Performing

D. Performing

What type of conflict most likely occurs when a store manager encourages a salesperson to mislead customers about the quality of the store's products if deception is inconsistent with the salesperson's values and beliefs? A. Interrole conflict B. Intrasender role conflict C. Intersender role conflict D. Person-role conflict

D. Person-role conflict

What is the main reason for people staying with organizations? A. Job evaluations based on 360-feedback B. Frequent development opportunities C. Use of pay-for-performance systems D. Promises of long-term employment

D. Promises of long-term employment

Geographically dispersed teams are more commonly referred to as A. self-managed teams. B. interdependent teams. C. independent teams. D. virtual teams.

D. virtual teams.